One: Shouhai Fushan. Let's have a look at the satellite map of the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace has many entrances. If you have a chance to visit, you can experience the wisdom of the ancients.
From the picture, we can see that Kunming Lake really looks like a peach, only the "crooked mouth" of the peach leans towards the southeast gate of the long river. Shoutaogan is a diversion canal outside the west palace gate in the northwest corner of the Summer Palace. The most amazing thing is that the long and narrow west dike that obliquely crosses the lake constitutes the ditch mark on the peach body. Wanshou Mountain near the north bank of Kunming Lake is outlined like a bat, flapping its wings to fly. The contour line of the north bank of Kunming Lake is obviously arched, and the part arched into the lake forms the bat's head. The Paiyunmen cruise terminal, which protrudes from the center of the arc roof, looks like a bat's mouth. The promenade extending to the left and right is like a bat's open wings. The gull fat in the east corridor and the fish and algae pavilion in the west corridor fit the bat's two front paws, while the Wanshou Mountain and Houhu Lake behind the mountain are isomorphic into the bat's body. The 17-hole bridge in the lake is also like a long turtle neck, and together with the island behind it, it forms a picture of a long-necked and long-lived turtle. It's best to look at this picture upside down, because when designing this picture at that time, it was considered that Empress Dowager Cixi had boarded the Buddha Pavilion at the top of Wanshou Mountain, so that the outline of Shoutao could be seen at a glance. Because the line of sight is blocked by other buildings, when she stands on Wanshou Mountain, the bat pattern can only see the head and two claws, but can't see the overall shape of the bat. Of course, due to the age, after war and transformation, it is not quite like it. So is the "Fushan Shouhai Long-necked Turtle" a coincidence or a deliberate construction? Let's take a look at the construction background of the Summer Palace. Wanshou Mountain, formerly known as "Wengshan". Kunming Lake, formerly known as "Wengshanpo", is also known as "West Lake". As early as Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, this beautiful place with mountains and water has become a royal garden. In the Ming dynasty, there was a "good mountain garden" here. ? In the 15th year of Qianlong (April 1750,19), on March 13, Qianlong decided to build Qingyi Garden in the former site of Shan Hao Garden to celebrate the 60th birthday of his mother, Princess Yu. Wengshan Mountain was renamed "Wanshou Mountain", and a "yanshou temple" was built in front of the mountain to pray for mother's birthday. The Wengshanpo was renamed as Kunming Lake, and the Kunming Pool excavated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Chang 'an was used to practice the water army and plan the strategy of Kunming on the shores of Dianchi Lake. ? Unfortunately, Qingyi Garden and other "three mountains and five gardens" (Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden, Qingyi Garden in Wanshou Mountain, Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain and Jingyi Garden in Xiangshan) were set on fire by the British and French allied forces on June 5438+0860+ 10/8. In the 12th year of Guangxu (June+7, 654381July, 0886), Empress Dowager Cixi announced that the curtain would be removed in the first month of the following year, and Emperor Guangxu, who was 16 years old, was in charge. Cixi took the opportunity to propose to rebuild Qingyi Garden as a place for her "retirement". ? Two years later, Emperor Guangxu named Qingyi Garden under reconstruction as "Summer Palace". He said: "I have been the successor of the Great Unification since I was a child, and I have admired Empress Dowager Cixi for more than ten years. I have more than 10,000 leisure time, and I can't support myself with any money ... "The old name of Qingyi Garden was changed to the Summer Palace. The word "Yihe" means "caring for heaven" to Cixi. Anyone who has read the novel "Notes on Grave Robbery" knows that the design and construction of the royal gardens and tombs in the Qing Dynasty were all completed by the "Shi Lei" family, as well as in history. The Summer Palace is a huge project, which is related to the life of Empress Dowager Cixi, and the construction task naturally falls to Lei's family. Style Lei Jia's skill spread to Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, and it has spread to the seventh generation of Lei Tingchang. At that time, Emperor Guangxu issued a decree demanding that "Fu and Lu" should be reflected in gardens. Lei Tingchang, the seventh generation descendant of the Lei family, skillfully used his mind to complete the task given by the emperor. He designed an artificial lake and dug it into the shape of a peach. You can't see the whole picture of it on the flat ground, but you can see a big peach when you look down from Wanshou Mountain. The island in the lake connected by the 17-hole bridge is designed as a turtle, and the 17-hole bridge is a turtle neck, which means longevity. As for the word "Fu", Lei Tingchang designed the buildings on both sides of the Buddha Hall in Wanshou Mountain into the shape of two wings of a bat, which looks like a bat as a whole. Bats are the same as the word "Fu", which means many blessings. ? The story of the Summer Palace is still circulating in Lei's family. It is said that when Lei Ting was in charge of rebuilding the Summer Palace in Qing Dynasty. The emperor asked that the words "happiness, wealth and longevity" be embodied in the garden. It is not so simple to design an effect diagram that satisfies the emperor. While he was worrying about the design appearance, an old man suddenly called. The hospitable Lei family invited the old man to stay for one night. When the old man left the next day, he took a peach out of his pocket and put it on the table. At this moment, suddenly a bat just landed next to Shoutao and flew up and down around the table. Such a casual move caused President Lei to think. LeiTingChang a clap forehead, back to the house spread out the drawings, write down the words "Taoshan Shui Bo, fairy bats hold longevity", and design Kunming Lake into the shape of a peach, and design Wanshou Mountain into the shape of a bat. ? However, the legend of the Schleswig family is difficult to tell. At present, more than 90% of the base maps and hot samples of the style Lei family are collected in the National Library Museum, so it is difficult for ordinary people like us to see the real content. Whether these designs are recorded in archives and basemaps can only be revealed after national research. ? In fact, it is a common practice in ancient garden construction to skillfully create a landscape system and set up pavilions to contain some auspicious meanings. For example, in the "Cui Jinyuan" of Gongwangfu Garden, there is a bat-shaped hall called "Fu Hall". There is also a bat-shaped pool in the garden called "Fuhe". In the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park, in front of the "Fang Mao" Ruins in the West Building of Changchun Garden, there are still two peach-shaped pools made of stone. Although there is no direct evidence to prove that the Summer Palace is "floating mountains and guarding the sea", it is the charm of ancient people in architectural design.