Environmental Design Why choose pavilions and pavilions? What is the connotation?

A pavilion is a small, open building, mostly made of bamboo, wood, stone and other materials. The plane is generally round, square, hexagonal, octagonal and fan-shaped, with a single eaves, There are many with double eaves and pointed roofs. According to their location, there are bridge pavilions, road pavilions, well pavilions, corridor pavilions, etc. The largest one in the garden is the Corridor Pavilion on the east side of the Seventeen-Arch Bridge in the Summer Palace.

"Shiming" says: Pavilion means "stop" and is a place for tourists to rest, enjoy the cool, shelter from rain and enjoy the beautiful scenery around them. Pavilions generally have no doors or windows, only a roof and no walls. They have the characteristics of facing the wind on all sides and being exquisite on eight sides. Its shapes are diverse and colorful, and its graceful and elegant image can add color to the landscape. The pavilion must be able to stand and enjoy the scenery in the garden. When it is sited, there must be unique beautiful scenery around it, and the viewing angle and viewing distance chosen are also the best, so the pavilion is known as the "eye of the garden" reputation. Because there must be beautiful scenery around the pavilion and it is a place for viewing, tourists often use the pavilion as a guide, and the pavilion also plays a role in organizing tours.

A covered passage in a corridor is called a corridor. Corridors are usually arranged between two buildings or viewing points. They play practical functions such as sheltering from wind and rain, connecting traffic, etc., and play an important role in the unfolding and hierarchical organization of the scenery in the garden. Judging from the shape of the cross section, the corridor can be divided into four types: double-sided empty corridor (both sides are transparent), single-sided empty corridor, compound corridor (adding a wall in the middle of the double-sided empty corridor), and double-layer corridor (upper and lower corridors). two layers). Judging from the overall shape and location, it can be divided into straight corridors, winding corridors, cloisters, climbing corridors and bridge corridors. The corridor is characterized by being long, narrow, smooth, curved and hollow. It is used to connect scenic spots and scenic spots. It is a building that both "introduces" and "views". Being long, narrow and smooth can inspire people to have a certain emotion of expectation and pursuit, and can achieve the purpose of "attracting people"; being curved and empty can allow you to enjoy the ever-changing scenery, because the scenery can change with each step. In addition, the columns also play a role in framing the scenery.

A pavilion is a building built near water or partially or completely on the water, used for resting and enjoying the water view.

The open house by the water is said to be grateful for the water. Its characteristics: Set up a platform by the water. Half of it extends into the water, and the other half is set up on the shore. A pavilion-shaped building is built on it, with railings or beauty seats between the surrounding columns. The side facing the water is particularly open. Sometimes the buildings on the platform are separated by whitewashed walls with leaky windows and floor-to-ceiling covers with round holes in the inner circle, and a cloister is formed on the outer circle. The surrounding facades are open, simple and light, making it a good place for people to rest and watch the scenery by the water. The main function of a waterside pavilion is to decorate the waterscape for tourists to enjoy the waterscape. It is also often used as a teahouse during tourism. On the one hand, visitors can rest and cool down here, and on the other hand, they can also drink tea and view the scenery. It serves multiple purposes, so it It’s an ideal place to stop and enjoy the water views.

Water has a gentle and lively character. With water in the garden, the scenery will be more charming, poetic and picturesque. At the waterside, the skylight and cloud shadows, wave reflections, swimming fish and lotus flowers, glow and moonlight shadows... are all important contents for viewing, and they can give people a beautiful enjoyment.

Mr. Jin Xuezhi summarized the beauty of water in "Chinese Garden Aesthetics" as: the beauty of cleanliness, the beauty of emptiness, the beauty of flow, and the beauty of writing. According to his analysis, the clean beauty of water not only has the material cleaning function of moistening, cooling, and purifying the environment, but also shows the spiritual cleaning function of washing the spirit, clarifying the mind, cultivating the temperament, and purifying the soul; the virtual beauty of water not only It expresses the beauty of water clarity and crystal transparency, and what is reflected in the reflection is both real and illusory. It seems real but imaginary, the skylight rises and falls, and the beauty of the ethereal spirit is uncertain; the beauty of the water's flow is not only reflected in the lively flowing state of the sky and the earth, but also in the gurgling sound that seems to talk to people and play music for them; The beauty of the article about water is concentrated in Su Xun's description of the encounter between Feng and Shui, and the various strange phenomena when the wind and water blow. These constitute the beauty of Wenlan embroidery in various forms on the water.

The hall is the main building in the garden and is often the layout center of the whole garden. It is the essence of the country and the place where all the scenery gathers. The hall is an independent building in the garden that was split from an ancient single building.

In ancient architecture, the hall is a room used for reception, banquets and ceremonies, and the hall is a central, sunny and spacious room in a single building, which is also a place for social activities. The hall is the main building in the garden. It is generally tall and has good viewing conditions and orientation. It is often the main body and composition center of the garden building.

The functions of the hall are mostly used for gatherings, banquets, and viewing the scenery. Its multiple functions are integrated into one. Therefore, the characteristics of the hall are: tall shape, spacious space, exquisite decoration, and rich furnishings. Generally, there are doors and windows in the front, rear or all around, so that you can quietly watch the beautiful scenery outside the garden. Halls can be divided into four-sided halls and mandarin duck halls. The main halls are mostly four-sided halls. In order to facilitate viewing, there are often no closed walls around, but large-area partitions, floor-to-ceiling windows, and cloisters around them. Yuanyang Hall uses a screen or cover to divide the interior into two parts, the front and back. The decoration and furnishings at the front and back also have their own characteristics. The advantage of the Yuanyang Hall is that one hall can be used for two purposes at the same time. For example, it can be used for celebrations in the past and for entertaining guests later. It can also choose the appropriate location to entertain guests and sit down as the seasons change. In addition, the flower halls for viewing lotus and the halls for watching fish are mostly built near the water. There is usually a platform in front of them, so that viewers can freely choose their targets on the platform and enjoy the sightseeing.

The hall often has a closed courtyard layout, with only doors and windows on the front. It is the living place of the owner of the garden. Generally speaking, different halls have different functions. For example, in Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai, Sansui Hall is used for receiving guests, Dianchun Hall is used for banquets and watching plays, and Yuhua Hall is a study room. Therefore, the functions of each hall depend on the specific situation and are not the same as each other.

Zhai means fasting, and its environment is generally relatively deep and secluded. Its style is mostly simple and elegant, with an elegant and unconventional taste. Zhai is mostly used for meditation, reading, and resting in gardens.

A pavilion is similar to a pavilion. It is also a small building that serves as a starting point in classical gardens. The difference between a pavilion and a pavilion is that there are simple tables, chairs and other furnishings in the pavilion for visitors to rest. Generally speaking, pavilions in gardens are mostly gathering places for poets and poets. They require a quiet environment, simple shapes, and use traditional calligraphy and painting. , plaques and couplet embellishments can give people a subtle and elegant taste. Pavilions are also mostly used for enjoying the scenery.

Fangfang is a boat-shaped building built on the water surface of the garden, imitating the shape of a ship, for people to play, hold banquets and enjoy the waterscape, such as the "Xiangzhou" in the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou and the Summer Palace in Beijing. "Qing Yan Fang" and so on. It is a boat-shaped building on the waterside or in the water. It is divided into three sections at the front and rear. The front cabin is higher, the middle cabin is slightly lower, and a two-story building is built in the back cabin for climbing up and overlooking the distance. There is a flat bridge at the front end connected to the shore, imitating a springboard for boarding a ship. Because the boat cannot be moved, it is also known as the untied boat. Being in the water brings people closer to the water, and being immersed in it makes people feel like they are rippling in the water. It is a place for people to rest, enjoy, and have banquets in the garden. However, buildings like this have special significance in the creation of artistic conception of Chinese garden art. We know that boats were the main means of transportation in the south of the Yangtze River in ancient times. After "the boat with no ties", fat became a symbol of the ancient literati's seclusion in the world, indicating that the owner of the garden lived in seclusion and no longer cared about politics. Therefore, it is often a building where the owner of the garden expresses his emotions, and is suitable for living in seclusion. Because in ancient times, a considerable number of scholars were frustrated in their official careers and dissatisfied with real life. They often wanted to escape from the world and enjoy themselves in the mountains and rivers. Most of their leisurely travels were to buy a boat and travel thousands of miles a day, boating among the mountains and rivers. Delight. Therefore, Fang often means seclusion in gardens, but Fang also has different meanings on different occasions. For example, Suzhou Lion Forest was originally the back garden of a Buddhist temple, so the Fang in the garden means to save all living beings. As for the stone boat in the Summer Palace, according to the words of Tang and Wei Zheng: "Water can carry a boat, and it can also overturn a boat." Since the stone boat can never be capsized, it means that the country will be forever solidified. The boat on the rockery in the inner garden of Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai can be interpreted as "this is a fairyland on earth".

Pavilion is a small-scale rest and reception hall, sometimes also used as the name of a building group, such as Tingli Pavilion and Yiyun Pavilion in the Summer Palace.

A platform is an open-air building with a relatively flat surface. There can be no buildings on it, just for people to rest, watch, and entertain, or they can build buildings. The buildings based on the platform look majestic and tall.

The platforms built on different landforms are called Tiantai (built on the top of the mountain), Tiaotai (built on the cliff), and Piaotai (built on the waterside).

Pavilions Pavilions are high-rise buildings in gardens, generally large in size and rich in shape. The early building refers to a stack of two-story single buildings for residential use. The bottom floor of the pavilion is vacant, and the main buildings are located on the upper floor, mostly used for viewing the scenery. Later, multi-story halls that stored calligraphy and paintings or worshiped Buddha were also called pavilions, such as the Pavilion of Buddhist Incense in the Summer Palace in Beijing.

Bridges, islands and embankments are important elements in the composition of garden waterscapes. According to the shape of the bridge, there are arch bridges, flat bridges, pavilion bridges and covered bridges. The materials for building bridges are mostly stone, bamboo, wood, etc. The royal gardens in northern my country are mostly spectacular bridges, while the gardens in the south are mostly small and exquisite arch bridges.