In order to welcome the coming International Museum Day and enhance students' perception of their hometown culture, Dr. Luo, an archaeologist from Peking University and Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, gave a lecture entitled "Introduction to the Archaeological Work of Lanruo Temple in Pingshui Town, Keqiao District, Shaoxing City" at 6: 5438+0/kloc-0 on May 38, 1965. The lecture was presided over by Gao Xingjiang, director of Shaoxing Yueguo Culture Museum, and attended by Liu Xiaoqing, president of Zhejiang Ke Qiao Middle School Literature and History Society, director of teaching department, Rong Wei, manager of Literature and History Society, and students of Literature and History Society. The scene was packed and the atmosphere was warm.
Dr. Luo started with the movie Ghost Story in the 1980s. First of all, he talked about the origin of the discovery of the cemetery of Lanruo Temple. Due to the development of a construction project, Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics entrusted Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Archaeological Department of Keqiao District Cultural Development Center to conduct archaeological exploration on the construction planning scope. As a result, a Southern Song Dynasty cemetery, Lanruo Temple Cemetery, was found on the north bank of Lanruo Temple Reservoir and the south foot of Huangfen Mountain. Built in the late Southern Song Dynasty, its lower age limit is not later than the early Yuan Dynasty. It is the largest Southern Song Dynasty cemetery discovered in China at present.
Secondly, Dr. Luo introduced the scale and composition of Lanruo Temple Cemetery. In terms of scale, compared with other cemeteries in the Southern Song Dynasty in Zhejiang, the famous tombs of the Shi family in Dongqian Lake in Ningbo and Yuyao, the "one door and three prime ministers" of Shi and Shi Song, are powerful. Shi is the most powerful man, his father is the most powerful man, and his nephew Shi Songzhi is the most powerful man. They are all the highest-ranking people in the Southern Song Dynasty, so the cemeteries are all made according to the one-product etiquette system. However, according to archaeological findings, the tombs of these people are actually less than one-third of the cemetery of Lanruo Temple. Judging from the exposed area at present, the cemetery area of Lanruo Temple Cemetery is at least 1.2 million square meters, which shows the huge scale. Constitutionally, this cemetery is composed of geomantic environment, cemetery, grave temple and so on. From the perspective of feng shui environment, there are two mountains in front of this place, Qinglong Mountain is hidden in the Japanese-style ridge layer, and the mountain stream flows in front of the park, with a backing behind it, as if surrounded by mountains, with a strong sense of security, quite like the "land of military strategists" mentioned in feng shui; The branch temple is in front of the Lanruo Temple Reservoir built in 1956, and is about150m away from the east side of the cemetery. Because of the dry season, it is exposed. On the surface, it is three hospitals, and it is the same every time you enter the hospital. Dr. Luo believes that it is this cemetery that corresponds to it, and it is probably a grave temple given by the cemetery. After oral investigation, the people said it was a temple and there was a nun behind the mountain. Although I can't find it, I can see the door shaft like an old stone mortar, and the temple is very close to buddhist nun, only about 200 meters away. "And this is the Gongde Fen Temple, just like in the 14th year of Jiading (122 1), the lower limit of the imperial court changed Zhiguo Temple to Yuefen Gongde Fen Temple, and named it' Praise Zhong Enbukuji'. It existed before the cemetery, and the court set up a plaque for this tomb temple, on the one hand, to protect the tomb, on the other hand, to help the tomb owner do merits. It is the embodiment of hierarchy, and it also constitutes a very complete cemetery in the Southern Song Dynasty. The whole cemetery is divided into upper and lower parts. The first terrace at the bottom is "Xia Yuan Park", which covers an area of more than 6,000 square meters and is a closed area. It is speculated that this area may be a courtyard building area with a similar meaning to "Summer Palace", which was built separately by the Southern Song Dynasty Mausoleum for daily sacrifice and residence of mausoleum keepers. The second to fourth steps are "Shangyuan", which should be a high-level building area and a main tomb distribution area dedicated to sacrifice. The core part is the second and third terraces, which are symmetrical along the central axis. Archaeologists have found multi-level stone ridges, stone walls, temples, wings, halls, courtyards and other relics here. The scale of Daxiong Hall has been proved by archaeological excavations to be a building with seven rooms wide and three rooms deep. According to Zhou Bida's record in the Four Spirits Record, Song Gaozong's sacrificial temple is also a main hall with only three bays. Therefore, this is the largest single cemetery building in the Southern Song Dynasty.
? The top of the cemetery, which is the "key part" that ordinary people are most interested in, is the main cemetery area. In addition to the circular enclosure, it is replaced by a slope paved with square bricks or stones. The layout of the main tomb area is basically the same as that of the high-ranking aristocratic tombs in the Southern Song Dynasty, and it consists of Sumi, Ring (diameter), Quelou, main tomb, partition wall and stone retaining wall.
Moreover, Quelou was found in the main tomb area, and at the four corners of the main tomb, two protruding corners can be seen. The appearance of Quelou completely marked the cemetery with advanced marks. The four corners of the fence can clearly represent identity. According to the record of Tiansheng Mausoleum in the Northern Song Dynasty, "the four corners of the tomb gate are built at three or more levels, and the soil stands at five or more levels, and the rest are sealed." In other words, officials with more than three products can only build a tomb at the four corners of the cemetery. The four corners of the tomb of Lanruo Temple are all built, and the owner of the tomb is obviously a senior official with more than three products. The specifications of tombs and cemeteries far exceed those of Dongqian Lake in Ningbo and Shishi Family Cemetery in Yuyao, including Xiu Yuan, an important cemetery in the Southern Song Dynasty. The result pointed to the highest specification at that time.
Who is the owner of the tomb has become an urgent problem for students to know. Dr. Luo has also thought and analyzed. At present, the academic circles believe that the tomb is located in Shaoxing, pointing to the highest specifications at that time, and the practice is completely Jiangnan-style. If you are from Shaoxing, in the late Southern Song Dynasty, there were no more than 10 people in eastern Zhejiang, and there were only one or two people in Shaoxing. It is inferred that this is Song Lizong's biological father Zhao Xi. "Of course, there are other possibilities, it depends on further sorting and research.
In addition, Dr. Luo also analyzed and showed the relationship between the Six Mausoleums of the Song Dynasty and the cemetery of Lanruo Temple, as well as the unearthed building components, and further pointed out the glory in the architectural history of the Southern Song Dynasty. Finally, Dr. Luo had a warm exchange on the questions raised by the students and encouraged them to join the archaeological cause.
Through this lecture, the students have a better understanding of the Lanruo Temple cemetery, strengthened their local concept, and realized the charm of archaeology and its relationship with history, as well as the difficulty and persistence of archaeologists.