Chaoyang Ying Ge is a continuation of Han folk square dance and Nuo culture, which has changed slightly during the continuation. In the Ming Dynasty, it absorbed the northern Daguzi Yangko, gradually evolved into a song and dance, and became a unique folk dance art in Chaoyang area.
Chaoyang Ying Ge is famous for its bold and unconstrained style, and is known as "the typical dance of Han nationality in China". Scholars and experts have done a lot of research on the origin of Chaoyang English songs. Although there is no conclusion so far, there is a relatively unified understanding that Chaoyang English songs are a stream rather than a source, and their formation can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty or even further. As for the direct source, there are different opinions, such as "Daguzi Yangko" in northern Shandong and "Liulin Yangko" in western Shandong, "overlord whip" in ancient paintings in Henan and "flower encouragement" in Putian, Fujian. The southern Han folk dance is characterized by lightness and grace. However, in a corner of the coast of eastern Guangdong, there is a kind of song and dance that can only be compared with the vigorous waist drum in northern Shaanxi, which reflects the heavy feeling of the yellow land. What is the reason?
First of all, the connection and evolution between the Central Plains culture and marine culture has given Chaoyang a unique Linghai cultural atmosphere which originated in Zou Lu and is different from Zou Lu, and also has the old state. It has something to do with sacrificial exorcism. From the Neolithic and golden tombs unearthed in Gushan, Tongyu, it can be seen that Nuo culture and sacrifice in local Yue culture and Central Plains culture are important parts of the origin of English songs.
The back mountain of Chaoyang is close to the sea, and the environment is dangerous and bad, with frequent disasters. Unable to resist the conditions, fetishism came into being, praying for sacrifices to eliminate disasters. For example, in the 14th year of Tang and Yuan Dynasties, Han Yu, the secretariat of Chaozhou, sent people to the Great Lake in Haimen Town to offer sacrifices to the gods. For example, in the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, "Ghost (Ma Ling) longitudinal Ma Benteng" and "Our city is in constant flames. Guns and drums are endless. " Today, the masks of English song performers should be simplified to sacrificial Nuo dance masks, and there are percussion drums in the front shed of Nanshan English song. So far, English songs are still involved in wandering souls to exorcise evil spirits, which shows that the formation of English songs is related to sacrifice to exorcise evil spirits. In addition, Chaoyang also offered sacrifices to Shuang Zhong Lie, saying that "Cheng Yi and Shuang Zhong meet twice a year and must dance with Ma". It can be seen that the British song parade and heroic temperament can be regarded as the same strain.
Then there is the Confucian sacrifice to Confucius. Fang Zhizhai: "Thirty-six dancers are born" and "the left hand holds the sign and the right hand holds the sign." "Dancers use two bamboo poles and dragons to form a five-color line, and nine dancers hold them to add a sign of illness, and then dance with Tao." Is the command formation change of snake charmer affected?
Inspired by ritual dance, it is of great research value.
Secondly, from the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Fujian culture gradually spread from Chaoshan to Chaoyang. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Chaozhou, Chaoyang and Fujian had the largest number of other people. Since then, Fujian has been a transit point for ethnic migration, and officials and immigrants have brought Fujian culture to Chaoyang. Known as Xiqiao Jianshan singing English songs (97 Chaoyang English Song Art Festival may be part of the team that is not in a hurry to perform English songs), the players performed drums and broken steps, which is said to have originated from Putian Flower Encouragement. Putian is the birthplace of many surnames in Chaoyang, and some even trace their roots to Tietie Lane. It can be seen that the spread of Fujian culture to the west is an important factor in the formation of Chaoyang English songs.
Moreover, in the Ming Dynasty, drama and folk dance were one of the conditions for the formation of English songs. "Chaoyang folk drama" has a stage, a platform of the earth, and also a "painting drama". The predecessor of singing English songs should be rap, and later it is suitable for the March of God Games, forming an emotional dance of English songs. Fang Zhi said, "On the fifteenth day of the first month, people who are good at singing are friends, dressed in clothes, and meet God in the alley." "Spring City is full of fragrance." This English song was performed as a character before, and the Chaozhou opera clips in the back shed, such as peach blossom transition, double rocking groove, fairy male and fairy female, folk dance "Shooting Birds" and martial arts performance, can be described as a fusion of dance, drama and martial arts.
Stretch gracefully
Adagio English songs are slower in rhythm and use longer sticks than other genres. Its basic dance method is that three hammers or four hammers form a group of movements, which slowly shows the momentum and shows the gas in the momentum, dignified and simple, and stretches beautifully. In addition, there is an English song Drunk Hammer, in which the dancers look like drunkards and have a unique charm. The rhythm of English songs in the medium board is slightly faster than that in the slow board. There are five sticks and seven sticks (singing and dancing) as a group, and eight sticks, ten sticks, eleven sticks and thirteen sticks as a group. Its gongs and drums are obviously different from adagio English songs. The former has pause and elongation in the middle of the drum, while the latter is continuous percussion. English songs in Chinese version are also mainly spread in Wenguang, Mianbei, Chengnan and other places, which are characterized by elegance, moderation, vividness and simplicity.
Art genre
Due to historical reasons, geographical conditions and other factors, Ying Ge in Chaoyang has formed three categories: Adagio, Adagio and Allegro, among which:
Adagio: There are three or four hammers, the length is 65,438+0.6 to 65,438+0.8 feet, and each group of hammers roughly hits once, commonly known as "drunken hammers". Gongs and drums are accompanied by drums, gongs, su gongs and cymbals, and the pronunciation rhythm is slow, just like court officials patrolling or wandering around to clear the way. The acoustics of drums and Su Luo have the characteristics of classical court, and their performances are outside the faces of Liangshan heroes such as Song Jiang and Shi Qian (snake charmers), that is, they are not influenced by the drama Water Margin. Therefore, Adagio English songs are a fusion of sacrificial dance and folk dance, and they are the earliest genre of Chaoyang English songs.
Medium plate: The hammer is 57 cm long, which is shorter than Adagio and slightly longer than Allegro. The style of play consists of 5, 7, 8, 10, 1 1, l3 respectively. Each group has two or two 360-degree rotary hammers with flat shoulders. The dance steps are based on Malaysia in Nanquan. The flat-shouldered rotary hammer is equipped with a lively middle drum, gong and drum to perform flexibly. Among them, the drummer and conductor dressed as Song Jiang. According to the records of local chronicles and the words left by the Ming Dynasty, there were many temples in Chaoyang at that time, which absorbed folk art, opera and martial arts and formed the English songs in the middle board.
Allegro: The mallet is a little shorter than the English song in the middle board, only 1.2 feet. Half the players are holding tambourines, and they are beating with drumsticks. The gongs and drums are composed of Chaozhou gongs, war drums, cymbals and Qin Zi. Performers depict the faces of Liangshan heroes, and their performance forms, techniques, scenery and patterns are complex, flexible, fast-paced and magnificent. There is a small performance in the shed at the back. From the perspective of dance ecology, the villagers in Da Nanshan District are also farmers, with difficult conditions, heavy labor load, lack of cultural activities, class oppression leading to repeated peasant uprisings and accelerated spread of English songs. Due to the development of society, various forms of literature and art, such as music, traditional Chinese opera, folk dance and martial arts, have been integrated into English songs, and with the introduction of foreign cultures, Allegro English songs have been formed.
Cherish the heritage
Up to now, Chaoyang English songs are still widely spread and developed. The main inheritors are Hong, Guo Yaoyang, Chen Hanlong, Yao, Yang Wei, Zhou Xiuxing, Chen and Lin Abao. Chaoyang English songs have a wide spread and strong radiation. Almost every town (street) has an English singing team, and some towns even have several English singing teams with different styles or different age structures. 1996165438+10, Chaoyang was named "the hometown of Chinese folk art" by the Ministry of Culture.
With the rapid changes of economy and society, great changes have taken place in cultural ecology. Chaoyang Ying Ge has lost its former glory and is on the verge of extinction. It is in urgent need of rescue and protection.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Chaoyang Ying Ge was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.