Differences between agricultural types and agricultural regional types

1. Tropical Rainforest Migration Agriculture Migration agriculture is an ancient and relatively primitive agricultural production mode. There is no fixed farmland in this farming method, and the cultivated land is selected in areas with dense forests and grasslands. Farmers cleared a piece of land in the forest through logging and burning, and planted crops in the original way. When the soil fertility of this land declines and plants can no longer grow, farmers give up this land and develop another land. So it is called migration agriculture. This kind of agriculture is easy to cause soil erosion and the destruction of ecological balance. Today, migrant agriculture is mainly distributed in lowlands and hilly areas in tropical rain forest areas. The crops planted in migrant agriculture are different. 2. Rice planting (monsoon paddy agriculture) Monsoon paddy agriculture is a unique agricultural type in humid tropical and subtropical areas, mainly concentrated in the monsoon areas of East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia and the tropical rain forest areas of Southeast Asia. Monsoon paddy field agriculture is an intensive agriculture that needs a lot of labor. Asian monsoon paddy field agriculture has the following characteristics: first, small-scale peasant management; Second, the output per unit area is high, but the commodity rate is low; Third, the level of mechanization is low; Fourth, the amount of water conservancy projects is large; Fifth, the technical level is low; Sixth, rich experience in planting. Third, plantation agriculture is a large-scale intensive commodity agriculture that grows a single cash crop in tropical areas, which is widely distributed in Latin America, Southeast Asia, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Although the state-owned rubber farm in Hainan Island, China, is similar to the plantation in production form, its nature, scale and management methods are quite different. Plantation agriculture is often engaged in large-scale production. The production and living facilities in the park are complete. Many plantations not only have agricultural and transportation machinery, but also have road systems, agricultural products processing plants, agricultural machinery repair shops, power supply and water supply, education and health facilities in the park. These areas have many special plant resources, such as coffee, cocoa and tea. Banana, pineapple, mango; Oil palm, sisal, tobacco, cotton and jute play an important role in the world economic crops. Production characteristics: a large-scale intensive farm planting a single cash crop. Problem: Production and sales are mostly controlled by the market and capital of developed countries, and they are at a disadvantage in international trade. Fourthly, commodity grain agriculture is the main geographical type of commodity grain production in the world and a market-oriented agricultural type. The crops planted are mainly wheat and corn. Mainly distributed in the United States (mainly in the Central Plains), Canada, Argentina, Australia, Russia, Ukraine and other countries. Commodity grain agriculture in these countries is generally family-run, while commodity grain agriculture in China is generally state-owned (mainly in the northeast and northwest). The United States is the largest commodity grain producer in the world. Production characteristics: large-scale production and high degree of mechanization. Problem: High agricultural cost and high energy consumption. 5. Grassland animal husbandry is an agricultural regional type of large-scale commodity animal husbandry production. This kind of agriculture is often distributed in arid and semi-arid climate zone, with vast territory and sparse population, and grassland vegetation is the main surface, thus forming the agricultural regional type of pasture animal husbandry. The main distribution areas are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, South Africa and other countries and regions. Production characteristics: high commodity rate and large production scale. Good economic benefit and high degree of specialization. 6. Dairy industry is a market-oriented agricultural regional type with the development of the city, and its production target is dairy cows; Products are mainly milk and its products, such as milk powder, butter, cheese and so on. The distance of the market and the supply of feed are two important factors affecting dairy production. Dairy owners in the world should be located in the Great Lakes of North America, Western Europe, Central Europe, Australia and New Zealand. The dairy industry has also developed around China's big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. The main product is fresh milk. Seven. Mixed agriculture Mixed agriculture is a regional agricultural production mode that organically combines planting and animal husbandry on the same farm. Mixed agriculture has various forms, but its production forms are relatively stable and widely distributed, and commodity production has a certain scale. Only the mixed agriculture of grain and livestock in economically developed countries. Therefore, mixed agriculture usually refers to mixed agriculture of grain and livestock. The main distribution areas are Europe, North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Pond production in the Pearl River Delta of China is a new type of mixed agriculture. Production characteristics: benign agricultural ecosystem, effective production arrangement and high commercialization. Strong market adaptability. Eight. Nomadic industry Nomadic industry refers to a kind of self-sufficient agriculture mainly relying on grazing livestock, which is a typical extensive agriculture. This mode of production is suitable for arid areas where agriculture is difficult to settle down. 9. Horticulture is a commercial agriculture that provides vegetables, fruits and flowers. For the city. The rise and development of this kind of agriculture is related to the acceleration of urbanization in the modern world. Farmers engaged in gardening are engaged in intensive and specialized production. Some only produce vegetables, and some even produce only one special product. This kind of agriculture is generally distributed around big cities. Later, with the development of transportation and preservation technology, horticulture also developed in areas far away from cities but with suitable climatic conditions. 10. Grain and livestock agriculture is a combination of planting dry crops and raising livestock. Grain and livestock agriculture is basically concentrated in Asia, including North China and Northeast China in the east of China, the plateau area of Indochina Peninsula, the southern plateau and western India. Near the two river basins of Pakistan, Afghanistan and West Asia. In Africa, it only appears in the Ethiopian plateau and Lesotho and its vicinity in South Africa. In this agricultural area, wheat has an absolute advantage in crops; Followed by barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, corn, potatoes and other food crops; Soybean plays an important role in leguminous crops; Cash crops are cotton, tobacco, flax, hemp and sugar beet. Because of the dry climate and unstable rainfall, irrigation plays a very important role in ensuring the stability and growth of output. In livestock breeding, cattle and sheep are dominant in India and West Asia, while pigs and cattle and sheep are dominant in China. In addition, the number of horses, mules and donkeys varies from region to region. It is also the main source of meat, skin and hair. 1 1. Mediterranean agriculture is a special climate type around the Mediterranean. The climate there is hot and dry in summer, mild and rainy in winter, and the precipitation is obviously inconsistent with the temperature. This area is the seat of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations and has a long history of development. Crops are characterized by drought-tolerant varieties. Among the crops, wheat and barley are the main crops, followed by oats and corn. Grapes, woody crops, olives and figs are widely cultivated cash crops in this area. Livestock include sheep, goats and pigs. Therefore, the combination of drought-tolerant crops, woody cash crops and livestock is the characteristic of agriculture in the Mediterranean region. In Mediterranean agriculture, the production areas of agriculture, fruit trees and animal husbandry are separated from each other in space. Most of the farmland planted with food crops is distributed on flat land and gentle slopes. Vineyards, olives and figs are various in hilly areas, and the high slopes are places for grazing. Because livestock grazing and agriculture are geographically separated, manure can not be used to supplement the nutrients of farmland, and farmland mostly relies on fallow to restore soil fertility. In the past, farmland cultivation provided food, fruit trees provided drinks, oils and fruits, and animal husbandry provided fur in exchange for meat, milk and clothes, which made the trinity agriculture in the Mediterranean provide almost all the necessities of life. Now, Europe has become the concentration of industrial countries, which has a great influence on the Mediterranean region. Because of the mild winter here, it is very conducive to the growth of citrus fruits and vegetables, and the superior conditions such as large market demand and various products close to the market have greatly stimulated the production of vegetables and fruits. The development of grape industry provides raw materials for the production of important wines in the world. Therefore, in many parts of the Mediterranean, traditional diversified agriculture has been replaced by specialized commodity agriculture, and horticulture, which provides commodities for the market, has occupied an important position. 12. Tropical settlement agriculture is gradually developed in the surrounding areas of tropical migration agriculture, which is called tropical settlement agriculture. In Africa, tropical settlement agriculture is distributed along the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa, the subtropical arid area in the north and the East African Plateau. In Latin America, the Andes plateau north of Bolivia, southern Mexico and Yucatan Peninsula, it is worth pointing out that southern Mexico and its vicinity and the Peruvian plateau are the three major origins of ancient American Indians-Mexican civilization (Aztec civilization), Mayan civilization and Inca civilization. Agriculture there developed very early. It is also the origin of important crops (such as corn, potatoes and peanuts) and poultry (such as turkey) in the world. The Niger River basin in Mali is also one of the cradles of ancient civilizations in sub-Saharan Africa. Compared with the tropical migratory agricultural area near the equator, the natural conditions in this agricultural distribution area are lower in climate, rainfall and temperature, and there are dry and wet seasons. Topographically, most of them belong to plateau and mountainous areas and a few valley lowlands. There are few lowlands. The soil leaching is weak, the decomposition rate of organic matter decreases, and the organic matter content is more. Generally speaking, agricultural conditions are favorable. The farmland here is fixed and will not move frequently. In terms of crops, the main crops in West Africa are sorghum, wheat, cotton and peanuts. East Africa is corn, sorghum and wheat. In Mexico, mainly corn, wheat and cotton; Peru is rich in corn, wheat and potatoes. In terms of livestock, Africa has cattle and donkeys besides sheep. There are unique alpacas in South America, which are smaller than donkeys and can only carry dozens of kilograms and travel dozens of miles every day for work. Camel hair is an important raw material for wool spinning. This kind of agriculture is mostly in arid areas, and irrigation is an important measure to increase the output of agricultural products. In some lowlands with more rain, rice can also be planted.