The proposer of natural human rights is Rousseau.
It means that people have the inherent rights to survival, freedom, pursuit of happiness and property. It was proposed by Grotius and Spinoza in the Netherlands, Hobbes and Locke in the UK, and Voltaire, Diderot and Rousseau in France in the 17th and 18th centuries.
It is believed that in the state of nature before the formation of the country, people were free and equal. Life, freedom to pursue happiness and property were inherent qualities and rights of people. This right is guided and regulated by natural law (human reason).
Grotius believed that because natural law enables people to possess a special thing or do certain things properly, it gives people the right to freedom, property, and repayment of debts. Locke believed that natural law provided for the rights to life, liberty, and property and guided people not to infringe on the natural rights of others.
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Innate human rights are also inviolable. In order to protect this right, Grotius, Hobbes, Spinoza, and Rousseau advocated giving up all rights; Locke advocated giving up some rights, such as the right to punish others; Jefferson advocated retaining all rights, concluding a contract, and establishing The state uses political power and the power of law to protect individuals' rights to liberty, equality, property, or the pursuit of happiness.
Even if there are certain restrictions on individual rights, it only ensures that everyone's personal rights are protected by the same force; if the government violates this right, the people have the right to take back their natural rights. , overthrow his rule, or an individual has the right to rebel against the sovereign.
Innate human rights guided the modern bourgeoisie’s democratic revolution against feudal autocracy, and laid the ideological foundation for the establishment of the modern bourgeois political and economic system. Its theoretical views were also included in the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
Since the 19th century, bourgeois thinkers such as Constant, Austin, Maine, Bentham, Mill, Dickinson, etc. have denied the theory of natural human rights from the standpoint of idealism.
From the perspective of historical materialism, Marx, the revolutionary teacher, while affirming the positive role of the theory of natural human rights, clearly pointed out that the relationship of rights and obligations is a legal relationship, so it is a unique product of a certain society and is subject to certain conditions. constrained by economic relations and class relations. It is unscientific and inconsistent with objective facts to talk about so-called "natural" and "inherent" rights without certain economic and class relations.