The central part is the main attraction and essence of Humble Administrator's Garden. The area is about 18.5 mu. Its overall layout is centered on the pool, and pavilions are built by the water, and some pavilions are straight out of the water, which is quite characteristic of Jiangnan water town. The pool water area accounts for 3/5 of the whole park area (another data: 1/3). The swimming pool is lush and natural. Buildings of different shapes and heights are arranged at the water's edge, with clear priorities. The overall pattern still maintains the rich, simple and elegant artistic style of Ming gardens. The "Yuanxiangtang" featuring lotus fragrance is the main building of the main scenic spot of Humble Administrator's Garden in Central China. Located on the south bank of the pool, the pool faces the East-West Mountain Island. The pool is clear and vast, and lotus flowers are planted everywhere. The mountain island is covered with vines, and there is a bridge between the two valleys. There are two pavilions on the mountain island, "Xiang Xue Weiyun Pavilion" in the west and "Daishuang Pavilion" in the east, with four seasons scenery. The "Yu Yixuan" in the west of Yuanxiangtang is far from the boat-shaped "Xiangzhou" in the west (the name Xiangzhou means arrogant temperament with vanilla), and the two forms a tripartite confrontation with the "Lotus Pavilion" in the north, so you can enjoy the lotus as you like. There is a water inlet to the west of Yuxuan, which goes deep into Nanzhai. There are three water pavilions "Little Canglang" separated by the covered bridge "Little Hong Fei" in the north, forming a quiet water courtyard.
Judging from the architectural names of Humble Administrator's Garden, most of them are related to lotus flowers. The reason why Wang wants to vigorously promote Lotus is mainly to show his noble character. The central scenic spot-loquat garden also has fine gardens such as micro-architecture, Yulantang and Jianshanlou.
The west was originally a "supplementary garden" with an area of about 12.5 mu. Its water surface is circuitous, the layout is compact, and pavilions are built by mountains and rivers. Because after a substantial reconstruction, the ingenious and artificial artistic style formed after Qianlong gained the upper hand, but the water and stone parts were still close to the central scenic spot. The winding water gallery and the stream passing through Ling Bo were excellent works of Suzhou gardening art, and the main building in the west was the 36-yuan Yang Pavilion near the residential side, which was the place where the garden owner entertained guests and listened to songs at that time. The hall is well furnished. On a sunny day, looking at the outdoor scenery through the blue glass window is like a snow scene. The pool of the 36-yuan Yangge is in the shape of a curved ruler, which is characterized by the separation of pavilions and terraces and gorgeous decoration. Corridor ups and downs, water wave reflection, don't have fun. Another big building in the west, "Who sits on the porch with you", is a mystery pavilion. There are two fan-shaped empty windows on the solid walls on both sides of the fan, one facing the "inverted photo studio" and the other facing the "Thirty-six Yuan Yang Pavilion". The back window just reflects the Li Pavilion on the mountain, and the top cover of the Li Pavilion just matches a complete fan. "Who to sit with" is taken from Su Dongpo's word "Who to sit with, the moon will cool me". So when I saw the plaque, I thought of Su Dongpo, and immediately felt that I could enjoy the moon in the water and be cooled by the cool breeze. Other buildings in the west include Liuting, Yiliang Pavilion, Reflection Pavilion and Water Gallery.
The eastern part of the garden was originally called "rural residence", because the eastern part of the garden belonged to Wang Xinyi, the assistant minister in the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 163 1). About 3 1 mu, because the Guiyuan Garden has long been deserted, all of them are newly built, and the layout is mainly flat hills, pine lawns and bamboo houses. With the pavilions in the mountain pool, it still maintains a spacious and lively style. The main buildings are Lan Xuetang, Furong Pavilion, Tian Quan Pavilion and Zhuoyunfeng, all of which are relocated.
Other buildings in the Humble Administrator's Garden include Chengguanlou, Fucui Pavilion, Linglong Pavilion and Eighteen Datura Flower Pavilions.
The layout of Humble Administrator's Garden is dense and natural, characterized by water, vast water surface, simple and innocent scenery and nature. It takes the water in the pool as the center, and pavilions are built around the pool, which are connected by leaky windows and cloisters. The rocks, ancient trees, bamboos, flowers and plants in the garden form a distant and quiet picture, which represents the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty gardens. The different scenic spots such as lakes, pools and streams formed by the Humble Administrator's Garden reproduce the artistic conception of landscape poems and landscape paintings and the true and picturesque natural environment in the garden. Vivi pool water is famous for its leisure, vastness, elegance and calm atmosphere. It meanders down the bay head, and the endless flowing water is winding, deep and charming. Through the Pingqiao Trail as its context, the promenade fills the gap, and the island rocks are reflected in it, making the seemingly loose garden buildings have their own charm. The whole garden building seems to be floating on the water, coupled with wood flowers, which have produced different artistic interests in different realms. The flowers are blooming in spring, the banana gallery in summer, the reed pond in autumn, the plum shadow and snowy moon in winter, the ubiquitous artistic conception, exquisite twists and turns and poems with endless aftertaste are worthy of being a typical representative of Jiangnan gardens.
Humble Administrator's Garden is a grand view garden-style classical luxury garden, which is known as the "mother of gardens in the world" because of its layout of mountain island, bamboo dock, Songshan Mountain and Qushui.
It is as famous as chengde mountain resort, Lingering Garden and Beijing Summer Palace. It is the first of the four famous gardens in China, one of the national key cultural relics protection units, one of the national special tourist attractions and a world cultural heritage. So far, only humble administrator's garden has these four laurels at the same time.
In different historical stages, the layout of the humble administrator's garden is different, especially the early humble administrator's garden is not exactly the same as today's. It is this difference that has gradually formed the unique characteristics of Humble Administrator's Garden, mainly including:
(1) Be good at water control according to local conditions.
According to "Humble Administrator's Garden" and "Returning to the Garden", the garden is "empty, water stands in it, and the trees are slightly sparse", "the ground can pool, the soil can pool, and the mountains can be mountains. Ikenoe, you can have a house among the mountains. " It fully embodies the advantages of making more use of accumulated water in the humble administrator's garden and dredging it into a pool; It looks like a lake, forming a swaying personality and characteristics. The existing water surface in the middle of Humble Administrator's Garden is nearly six acres, accounting for about one third of the garden area. "All pavilions and pavilions are based on water", creating a cheerful atmosphere in a large area of water garden space, basically maintaining the characteristics of "bare forest" in the Ming Dynasty.
(2) elegant and natural.
Early humble administrator's garden, with lush trees, confused water color and natural scenery. The buildings in the park are very sparse, only "one hall, six pavilions on the first floor", and the number of buildings is very small, which is far lower than the building density in today's gardens. Bamboo fences, thatched pavilions and thatched huts are integrated with the natural landscape, which is simple and elegant and has a unique natural scenery. The existing landscape in the middle of Humble Administrator's Garden accounts for about three-fifths of the garden area. There are two islands in the pool, and the Chi Pan at the top of the mountain is dotted with only a few pavilions and small buildings, which makes the scenic spot look sparse, elegant and natural. Although this layout has not yet taken shape in the Ming Dynasty, it has the demeanor of a humble administrator's garden in the Ming Dynasty.
(3) The courtyard is strewn at random and tortuous.
Garden architecture of humble administrator's garden. Most of them were single in the early days, and great changes took place in the late Qing Dynasty. First of all, the number of garden buildings such as pavilions, verandahs and painted boats has increased significantly. The building density in the middle reaches 16.3%. Secondly, the architecture tends to group combination, and the courtyard space changes twists and turns. For example, as can be seen from the map of Wen Zhiming Humble Administrator's Garden, there is only a small pavilion near the water. During the Eight Banners period, the Feng Zhi Guild Hall was already a group of house boat. Xuanting covered bridges such as Xiaofeihong, Dezhen Pavilion, Educated Youth Yiyuan, Xiaocanglang and Tingsongfeng are surrounded by water and have a unique style. There is also a group of gardens to the east of Shuiting, namely loquat garden, which consists of three groups of courtyards: Haitang Chunwu, Tingyuxuan and Jiashi Pavilion. The main building is Linglong Pavilion. Between the landscape and the house, these two courtyards are interspersed, which better solves the transition between the house and the garden. At the same time, for the landscape, because of the contrast of these courtyard spaces of different sizes, the main space is more spacious and spacious
The appearance and change of this garden-style courtyard space in the garden is likely to be related to the reduction of garden area, except for the reasons of use. The humble administrator's garden in Guangxu period was only 1.2 hectares. Like other gardens in Suzhou, it occupies a small area, so the primary task of gardening activities is to create infinite natural landscapes in a small space. This kind of garden-in-garden, multi-space courtyard combination and spatial division and infiltration ",contrast and contrast;" The combination of concealment and manifestation of space, the twists and turns of space between reality and reality, concealment and exposure; The purpose of putting space in the first place, promoting it first and then restraining it is to break through the limitations of space and obtain the effect of seeing the big from the small, thus obtaining rich landscapes. This treatment is of universal significance in Suzhou gardens, and it is also the same feature of Suzhou gardens.
(4) Garden landscape, flowers and trees win.
Humble Administrator's Garden is known as an "excellent tree". Come down in one continuous line for hundreds of years. Two-thirds of the early thirty-one scenes of Wang Humble Administrator's Garden are based on plant themes, such as peach blossom slices, "Peach blossoms are planted on the shore and flowers are like clouds"; Zhuxi, "there are thousands of beautiful bamboos in Jiaxi" and "the scenery is very quiet"; Yaopu has hundreds of books and flowers. "It's not fair to return to the pastoral home, but to brush the ground with weeping willows," dense trees and stone moss. "Every spring, camellia is like fire and magnolia is like snow. Apricot blossoms are in full bloom, "covering the clouds and valleys." "The burden of summer. The hibiscus trees in autumn overlap like brocade curtains. In winter, old Mei Yan bends back and forth. She is proud of the frost. There are Pan Hongxuan, Zhimeiting, Bamboo Fragrant Gallery, Bamboo Post, Zitengwu, Zhanhua Zhangjian and other landscapes. Today, Humble Administrator's Garden still maintains the tradition of winning by plant landscape. Lotus, camellia and azalea are three famous characteristic flowers. There are only 23 landscapes in Central China, of which 80% are mainly plants. Such as the lotus flowers in Yuanxiangtang and Fengge ("Xiang Yuan Qing" and "He Feng comes from all sides"); Yuxuan Linglong Pavilion leans on bamboo ("Leaning on Jasper" and "Moonlight Through Bamboo"); Orange Frost Pavilion ("There must be forest frost in Dongting"); Listen to the bamboo, lotus and banana in the rain garden ("Listen to the rain and enter the autumn bamboo", "The banana leaves are half yellow and the lotus leaves are green, and two autumn rains sound"); Magnolia in Yulantang ("This life should be as clean as Yulantang"); Plum in Xueyun Pavilion ("It is not snow from a distance, but it has a faint fragrance"); Listen to the pine in the pine wind ("the sound of wind blowing cold pine has existed since ancient times"), as well as the begonia in Chunwu, the willow in Liu Yin Road, the loquat in the loquat garden and Jiashige, the pine, bamboo and cypress in Dezhen Pavilion, and so on.