Balong Tomb is located in the west of Chenzhuang Village, 2 kilometers north of Xuchang City. It is the tomb of Xun Shu, the Prime Minister of Langling Marquis in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The eight sons of Xun Shu (Xun Jian, Xun Cui, Xun Jing, Xun Tao, Xun Shen, Xun Shuang, Xun Su and Xun Min) were all famous figures in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Cao Wei period, and were known as the Eight Dragons. For example, Xun Shuang was proficient in "Spring and Autumn" at the age of twelve. From the time when he was a commoner, he went from being a Heavenly Official to "Three Lords" for ninety-five years. Xun You, the grandson of Xun Shu's nephew Xun Tan, was Cao Cao's counselor. ①
The full name of "Yin Zhou Stele" is "Yin Zhou Stele in Han Yuzhou", also known as "Yin Zhou Stele". It was established in April of the sixth year of Xiping (177) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 192 Xia meters. 89.6 cm across. 14 lines. 27 words in line. There are 8 characters in the seal script "Han Yuzhou engaged in Yin Gongming" on the forehead, and only two characters "cong and ming" remain, which are stored in Confucius Temple in Yanling County, Henan. Today the temple has been changed to the county No. 2 Middle School (see "Essay on Supplementing the School Monument" for details). ①
Yin Zhou, whose courtesy name was Zhou Nan, was a native of Yanling. He was an official in Xiping for the first time. He served successively as Princess Bo, Supervisor of Posts, Wuguanbu, Gongcao, Kunyang Ling, etc. In the second year of Emperor Qing's reign in the Yuan Dynasty (1313), Abachi of Daruhuachi in Yanling County was looking for stones to build the Confucius Temple. He found the Yin Zhou stele in Weichuan and moved it to the Yanling Confucius Temple. ①
The calligraphy of Yin Zhou Stele is round and strong, similar to regular script. The calligraphy style is neat yet free and easy, unified yet full of variety. The writing is full of twists and turns, with the spirit of gold and stone. The whole body looks forward to the spirit, like a group of cranes dancing, it can be called the best work among Han dynasty steles. Ancient calligraphers gave it a high evaluation, saying that "no word is not vivid and no word is irregular." The "Yin Zhou Stele" is an inscription at the peak of the Han Dynasty. ①
Wang Yun’s tomb is located on the Qinglu Hexi Embankment in the northern suburbs of Xuchang City. The tomb is tall and surrounded by lush vegetation. There is an ancient cypress on the top of the tomb, which is lush, vigorous and tall. In front of the tomb is the Qinglu River that flows slowly south. Wang Yun (136-192 AD), named Zishi, was born in Qi, Taiyuan, Eastern Han Dynasty. Wang Yun and Lü Bu teamed up to kill Dong Zhuo, but were later surrounded by Guo Si and Li Jue. Lü Bu ran away and Wang Yun was killed. ①
The Ancient City of Han and Wei, also known as the ruins of the Ancient City of Han and Wei in Luoyang, is located fifteen kilometers east of Luoyang City, Henan Province, bordering Luoshui to the south and Mang Mountain to the north. In 25 AD, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, established his capital here. Subsequently, the three kingdoms Wei, Western Jin and Northern Wei all used this capital as their capital. The revolution lasted for more than 330 years. Because it mainly belongs to the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty, it is called the Han and Wei Luoyang Old City. ①
Comprehensive excavation of the ancient city of Han and Wei Dynasties began in 1962. The remaining length of the east wall of the site is 3895 meters, the remaining west wall is 4290 meters, the remaining north wall is 3700 meters, and the south wall was cut off by the Luoshui River. The remaining ruins are generally 1 to 2 meters above the ground, and the eastern section of Beiyuan is 5 to 7 meters above the ground. The city walls are all made of rammed earth. The city is irregularly rectangular in plan, with a circumference of about 14 kilometers. The main buildings in the city include palaces, palaces, government offices, gardens, etc. It is now a national key cultural relic protection unit. ①
There is a majestic Yuxiu Terrace in the southwest corner of the ruins of the ancient city of the Han and Wei dynasties. It is now 15 meters high and covers an area of ??six acres. According to legend, it was the place where Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty offered sacrifices to heaven and earth. It is said that back then, you could climb up the 60-step bluestone ladder through the tunnel gate and look northward, and the style of the old city is still vivid in your mind. ①
Chunqiu Tower, also called Dajieting, is located in the original Guandi Temple in the center of Xuchang. In the fifth year of Jian'an (200 years), Cao Cao arrested Guan Yu and Mrs. Gan and Mi. Cao Cao paid homage to Guan Yu and gave him a house to live in with his two wives. Guan Yu divided the house into two courtyards. Guan Yu lived in the outer courtyard, and his two ladies lived in the inner courtyard. Guan Yu sent greetings every day and read "Spring and Autumn" every day. In order to show Guan Yu's loyalty, later generations built Guandi Temple and Chunqiu Tower. ①
The Chunqiu Tower is the main building of the Guandi Temple. It has a brick and wood structure with double eaves and a mountain style. It is more than 30 meters high. The roof of the temple is covered with green glazed tiles. It is three rooms wide and surrounded by 16 columns. There are corridors both upstairs and downstairs, and the bluestone pillars are carved with patterns of flowers, birds, insects, fish and figures. The building structure is rigorous, the shape is generous, the outline is majestic and magnificent. ①
Chunqiu Tower is the tallest building in Guandi Temple. There is a colorful sculpture of a seated figure of Guan Yu reading "Spring and Autumn" at night, which is lifelike. There are sword towers and seal towers on the two wings, which house Guan Yu's Qinglong Yanyue Sword and Han Shouting Hou Yin. The east courtyard is divided into the front palace and the back palace, with statues of the two emperor's wives. There are also gardens and Wen'ant Pavilion in the courtyard.
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"Xuzhou Chronicles" from the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty said: "Baling Bridge is eight miles west of the city. It is said that it was the place where Cao Cao sent Guan Yu off." It is said that after Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao, he did not forget his old master and heard about it. Liu Bei's whereabouts were sealed with a seal and gold, and he left a book. When Cao Cao found out, he immediately led his civil and military officials to see him off, and chased him to the Baling Bridge. He gave him wine, money, and a brocade robe collar. Guan Yu was worried that there was fraud, so he immediately picked up the robe with a knife, thanked him, and left. ①
Baling Bridge, formerly known as Bali Bridge, is located on the Qingni River 4 kilometers west of Xuchang City. The bridge is more than 3 meters above the water surface and is a three-hole bluestone bridge. The bridge deck is wide enough for two cars to pass side by side. The bridge is 90 meters long. There are rows of willows on both sides of the bridge. The scenery is pleasant. Next to the bridge is a stone tablet "Where Emperor Guan of the Han Dynasty Picked Up His Robe", which was erected by Zuo Liangyu, a general in the late Ming Dynasty. The other stele is a letter of resignation to Cao Cao, which is well preserved. During the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong years of the Qing Dynasty, another four stele was erected with clear text. The inscription discusses the process of Guan Yu resigning his gold and choosing his robe, praising him for "according to Cao Cao." He has returned to the Han Dynasty for a long time, leaving his heroic spirit in Yingzhou." ①
Zhangliaocheng is located at the junction of Xuchang and Linying, near Wocheng. Covering an area of ??about two square kilometers, the city wall is made of rammed earth. The winding city wall is built on naturally undulating land. After Zhang Liao attacked Jingzhou and pacified Jiangxia, he withdrew his troops to Xudu, and then built a garrison city in the southeast of Xudu, which is Zhang Liao City. Later, Zhang Liao died of illness, and all the soldiers of Wei State cried for him. ①
Shelu Terrace is located in Xutian Village, 25 kilometers northeast of Xuchang City. The terrace is about 10 meters high and covers an area of ??1,500 square meters. After Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to Xudu, he often accompanied Emperor Xian on hunting trips to the Xutian area and built a pavilion and a platform, which is known as the "Shooting Deer Platform" in the world. Cao Cao once took Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei to Shelu Terrace for hunting. Guan Yu originally wanted to kill Cao Cao while Cao Cao was not paying attention. Later, Guan Yu was stopped by Liu Bei and advised Guan Yu not to do this. ①
There is an ancient tomb in Zhongxu Village, Suqiao Township, Xuchang County. It is the tomb of Ma Teng, a famous general in Guanzhong in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the general who conquered the west. Ma Teng's tomb is located on the bank of Shiliang River, covering an area of ??half an acre. The tomb is more than two feet high. The green cypresses on the tomb and the surrounding trees form a sea of ??green forest. It is said that Ma Teng's tomb was originally located in a deserted suburb. Later, a family named Xu settled next to the tomb and multiplied, and later it became a village named "Tomb Xu Village". ①
Malan is located 5 kilometers southwest of Yanling County. Legend has it that it was the place where Cao Cao raised his army horses. It is now Malan Village. Next to the village is the Xingguo Pagoda from the Song Dynasty. The old Jidu Temple contains a clay sculpture and a crescent-shaped pool. The couplet on the doorpost is: "Going out to the west, the divine bird leads the way; returning to the east, the heavenly horse crosses the river." Legend has it that the name Malan is related to a dream of Cao Cao. ①
Xu Mu Tomb is located in Huangyang Village, Jiangliji, 15 kilometers south of Xuchang City. Xu's mother was buried here after her death. Xu Mu's tomb was originally more than two feet high and half an acre in size. Today there is a stone tablet "Tomb of Xu Mu, a great sage of the Han Dynasty" erected in the 21st year of Qianlong (1766). In 1952, the tomb door was opened. The tomb chamber has a round vault and is built with Han bricks. There is a gap of more than ten feet and there are two doors in the north and south. There is a temple on the northwest side of Xu Mu Tomb. Legend has it that Guan Yu rested his horse here on his way to find his brother, so it was called "Xie Madian". ①
Guandu is located in the northeast of Zhongmu County, Henan. There is Guanduqiao Village. Caochang Village near Guandu is where Cao Cao stored grain and grass. The deserted hill in the west of Huozhuang Village is said to be the place where Yuan Shao garrisoned troops. There are still stone tablets in the village recording that Guan Yu killed Yuan Shao here, as well as relics such as Zhulu Camp, Hanjing, and Caogong Barrier. Zhongmou County invested 20 million yuan in 1992 to restore and build the Guandu Ancient Battlefield tourist area. ①
The Tomb of Hua Tuo is located on the west bank of the Shiliang River in Suqiao Village, 15 kilometers north of Xuchang. The tomb is 4 meters high and covers an area of ??360 square meters. The tomb is oval-shaped. In the 17th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1752), a stone tablet was erected with the following regular script: "Cemetery of the Chinese Divine Doctor of the Han Dynasty". The cemetery is hexagonal, surrounded by blue brick walls, and has many cypress trees. In 1985, the Henan Branch of the All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine held the "Hua Tuo Academic Symposium" in Xuchang and erected a stone tablet "The Tomb of Hua Tuo, the Outstanding Medical Scientist of the Eastern Han Dynasty." ①
The Holy Medical Shrine is located on the bank of Wenliang River in Dongguan, Nanyang City, Henan Province. It was built in memory of Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist in the late Han Dynasty. Zhang Zhongjing was a native of Nanyang County, with superb medical skills and prolific writings. The temple is divided into two courtyards, the front and the other.
Inside the gate is the tomb of Zhang Zhongjing, in front of which there is a stele "Tomb of Zhang Zhongjing, the prefect of Changsha during the Eastern Han Dynasty". Behind the tomb are built a middle hall and a main hall, with three verandahs on both sides. ①
Zhang Heng’s Tomb is located in Shiqiao Town, Nanyang County. Zhang Heng was a scientist, astronomer and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His literary works include "Ode to Erjing" and "Ode to Guitian", and he also made an armillary sphere and a seismometer. There are brick corridors and flower walls around the tomb, with archways on both sides. Currently there is a stele "Zhang Pingzi, Minister of the Han Dynasty", and a reading desk behind the tomb. ①
Tongque Terrace is located in the southwest of ancient Ye City in Linzhang County, Hebei Province. It was originally called Tongjue Terrace, and together with Jinhu and Bingjing, it was collectively known as "Three Terraces". It was built by Cao Wei in 210 AD. The platform is 10 feet high and there are more than 100 palaces. Later Zhao Jianwu Emperor Shi Hu built a five-story building on the platform, 60 meters high, and placed a bronze bird on the top of the building. Most of the platform was washed away by the Zhanghe River in the late Ming Dynasty, and now only the ruins remain. ①
Cao Cao’s hometown, Bozhou, is located in the plains of northwest Anhui. Wang Chengtang, the first generation of the Shang Dynasty, once made his capital here, which was called the "Ancient Capital of Nanbo". It has a history of more than 3,500 years. Cao Cao has returned to Bozhou seven times. The last time he returned to Bozhou was in 216 AD. It was 62 years ago. He felt that this was the last time he would visit Bozhou, so he almost sent his whole family back to Bozhou this time. Sure enough, three years later, he died.
Xuzhou was a place where heroes fought for hegemony during the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Cao, Tao Qian, Liu Bei, Lu Bu, Yuan Shu, etc. all fought here. The most famous story circulated here is "Yuanmen Shooting Halberd". In order to commemorate Lu Bu's shooting of halberd to seek peace, later generations rebuilt the original "Jilber Shooting Platform" and the pavilion with hexagonal eaves on the site, and also put the "shooting halberd" on the site. An ancient Qianlong stele with three characters "Jitai" stands in the pavilion.
Guandu was the place where Cao Yuan fought, and the Battle of Guandu was also a classic case of defeating more with less. How big is the scope of this battlefield? Today, the north of Guandu Bridge, Mingshan Temple, Dahengzhuang and other villages are the main battlefields of the "Battle of Guandu". The entire battlefield range, from Guandu to Yangwu Old City, is about 20 kilometers long from north to south; the widest part from east to west (from Dahengzhuang to Shuiquei Village) is about 6 kilometers.
After the Battle of Guandu, Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi fled to Wuhuan. Cao Cao wanted to eradicate the roots, so he decided to conquer Wuhuan. In 1979, the "Yuantaizi Ruins" was discovered 12 kilometers away from the southern suburbs of Chaoyang City. It was the Liucheng of the Han Dynasty that Cao Cao visited when he conquered Wuhuan. Liucheng in the Han Dynasty was located on a wide platform on the south bank of the Daling River and north of today's Yuantaizi Village. It was a place surrounded by mountains and rivers.
On the way to Liucheng, Cao Cao fought fiercely with Tadun at Bailang Mountain. Bailang Mountain is located on the west bank of Daling River, 26 kilometers southwest of Kazuo County. Mount Everest is 881.4 meters above sea level. It was called "White Wolf Mountain" in the Han Dynasty, "Bailu Mountain" in the Northern Wei Dynasty, "Dayang Mountain" in the Qing Dynasty, and is now called Dayang Mountain. There is a Bailu Mountain Ancestral Hall on the hillside of Dayang Mountain. The entire site is about 200 meters long from north to south and 150 meters wide from east to west.
Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain and wrote the famous poem "Viewing the Sea" there. Jieshi Mountain has been famous since ancient times. Emperor Qin Shihuang, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty all visited it successively. There are many theories about the location of Jieshi Mountain, one of which is located 4 kilometers north of the county seat of Changli County. To reach the top of Jieshi Mountain, you have to climb more than 2,700 stone steps. It takes about two hours to reach the top of Jieshi Mountain "Xiandai Peak".
There are 5 Red Cliffs in Hubei, respectively in Puqi, Huangzhou, Wuchang, Hanyang and Hanchuan. Which one is the Chibi who once fought? Some people say the one in Huangzhou is because Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou and Su Shi wrote "Red Cliff Nostalgia", so it should be Huangzhou. Some people have objections, thinking that the poem "humanity is" means "listen to what others say", so Huangzhou is wrong, and the data from Hanyang, Hanchuan, and Wuchang are inconsistent, so Puqi Chibi is more consistent.
The battlefield of the Battle of Chibi included Wulin. Cao Cao was defeated in Wulin, and then led his troops to flee from Wulin to Huarong Road, and then returned to Jiangling. Wulin is now under the jurisdiction of Wulin Town, Honghu, Hubei. There is Cao Cao Bay to the west of Wulin Village in Wulin Town. Legend has it that it is the location of the base camp of Cao Cao's water village. It was named "Wulinji" in ancient times, also known as "Wulin Village". In the northwest corner of Wulin Town, you can also see ruins such as the "Mass Grave" and the "Skeleton Collapse".
The main reason why Cao Cao was defeated was that the plague infected Cao Cao's camp weakened his combat effectiveness.
So what kind of plague is it? According to research by modern medical experts and archaeologists, it is believed to be "acute infection with schistosomiasis." Schistosomiasis eggs were found in male corpses unearthed from Han Tomb No. 1 in Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan, and Western Han Dynasty Tombs in Jiangling County, Hubei. This shows that schistosomiasis was already prevalent in the two lakes areas before 2000.
The specific location of Huarong Road is in the middle part of Jianli County on the north bank of the Yangtze River. It is the path from Caobian Port in Bianhe River to Fangcaopo in Maoshi Town, with a total length of about 10 kilometers. So Cao Cao's route of retreat is to withdraw from Wulin, retreat westward along the north bank of the Yangtze River by land and water, pass through Luoshan and Yanglin, and arrive at Bailuo Lion Mountain. The navy abandons the boat and goes ashore, burns the warships, and then The army retreated north together, passing through Zhuhe and Bianhe rivers, completing Huarong Road, then turned northwest and continued to flee, finally reaching Jiangling.