"Regular market points" are generally called "fairs", especially in Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi. In ancient times, there was no book "city", only "emptiness". Today, "market" is simply called "fairness".
In addition to Huazhou Town (the residence of the municipal government), there are 35 rural fairs in Huazhou City. The sources of their proper names can be summarized into four kinds: inheritance, goodwill, topography and geomorphology, and people's surnames. But since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the names of these three characters have long been changed in history. There are three types of bazaars: inheritance, kindness and geography, which are the most stable and well-known.
The continuous types include Changqi, Nan 'an, Yangmei, Cinnabar, Dapo, Guantang, Lanshan, Xia Ling, Wenlou, Da Gui and Nawu. The name of this kind of market is named after the village name, and the origin of the village name is also named after the terrain. For example, the ancestors of Yangmei and Chen moved in from Zhuji Lane, Putian County, Fujian Province in the Song Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty, an official surnamed Chen retired and settled here. When the village was first built, it was surrounded by bayberry trees, hence its name. After that, a market was built near the north of the village and named after the village. Nawu, about 400 years ago in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, was a Zhuang language, meaning "heaven". Because of the foggy fields there, it was named Nawu Village, which later developed into a market. In order to facilitate writing, the word "fog" was rewritten as "service", and now it is called that service. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the fair moved to the west bank of Lingjiang River, and its name remained unchanged.
Good thoughts include Qing, Ping, Liang, Ba, Xin 'an, Pingding, Jialong, Xinxu and Nansheng. Most of these fair names are artificially created out of good intentions and are not necessarily limited by other factors. Among them, some people who were originally famous for their topography changed their names because of their indecent names. For example, in Tongqing, there used to be only three local markets, but the public security was chaotic and there were robbers on the road, so people were afraid to go to the markets. In the fifth year of the Republic of China, Liang Yaozhu of Zhushan Village initiated each village to organize shares and built Tongqingwei. There is also a "Xiangyi Temple" in the market. Every spring and autumn, people go to temples to pay homage to the heroes who killed thieves. Celebration means "unite as one, unite as one against thieves", and "celebration" means "congratulations on making a fortune".
Topographic features include Binjiang, Shuiqiao, Guanqiao, Shiwan, Getang, Bao Xu, Hudong, Hejiang, Lian Jie, Tantang and Ligang. The name of this type of market is mostly named after the topographical features. All "rivers, bays, ponds and lakes" are related to water. For example, "mountains, hills and ridges" are related to mountains; "Dong, Bridge" is related to overpass. For example, Hejiang, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all set up salt ports here to supply civil salt in North China, Luchuan and Beiliu areas of Guangxi, and then gradually became a gathering place. The site is near the estuary where Luo and Ling meet, hence the name. Rivers and lakes are named after a big lake in the east of the past polder site. Guanqiao, historically a post station, is the only place from Guangxi to Huazhou and Gaozhou, and it is also the place where officials often stay. There is a river in front of the market. Whenever there are floods in summer and autumn, people can't cross them. Therefore, donations from officials have built a "bridge". The locals call this bridge Guanqiao, which is famous for its name.
In fact, the inheritance of the city name is a branch of the landform name, which originally belonged to the same clan. These two types of fair names are stable at best. The reason why it is "rich" and "stable" is that the characteristics of topography and geomorphology are long-term stable and not easy to change, and its appearance and topographic characteristics have left a deep impression on people.
Gaozhou puppet show
Gaozhou puppet show is called ghost show, named after "chopping wood as a puppet", and it is an artistic variety that people in urban and rural areas of Gaozhou love to see. According to legend, it was introduced to Gaozhou during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and it has a history of more than 400 years. Through the continuous transformation, development and processing of Gaozhou folk artists, today's puppet show has been formed. At present, there are 150 puppet classes and more than 500 artists in the city. They are active in urban and rural areas all the year round, are welcomed and loved by the masses, and have made positive contributions to enriching the cultural life of urban and rural people. Gaozhou was named by the provincial people's government as the first batch of "Hometown of National Folk Art Puppets" in Guangdong Province.
Gaozhou puppet show is a variation of puppet show. Its shape is very particular. Generally, soft branches and pine trees are used as materials, and they are decorated with distorted and exaggerated paintings to make them vivid. Eyes, mouth, tongue and nose can move, lifelike, lifelike, like a real person. The head and hands are strung together with bamboo poles for artists to operate and perform various actions such as dressing, wearing a hat, sword dancing, bow drawing and archery. Clothing, hair accessories, helmets and various props are colorful and vary from person to person. There are 30 puppets in the puppet show. The roles are divided into life, Dan, clean and ugly, and their faces are different. The "puppet cavity" with seven sentences and ten sentences is a vernacular rap form developed on the basis of Gaozhou folk songs. From the category, it can be divided into four types: small class, middle class, large class and puppet troupe.
Small classes are also called even classes. This puppet class is performed by one person, and the performance is the most difficult. Performers not only operate puppets, but also blow, play and sing. A suitcase with his full set of performance props; The square table is his stage; An artist takes on all the roles.
The middle class, also known as the four puppet classes, consists of 4-5 artists. There is a basic division of labor during the performance, accompanied by percussion and playing music, and the performance atmosphere is very warm.
Daban, also known as Puppet Troupe, consists of more than 10 artists. The performance has a clear division of labor and complete business, and it can be competent for some plays with large performance capacity. However, because there are many props for artists in large classes, they are not as flexible as artists in small and medium classes, so there are not many people at present.
Puppet troupe is a large-scale literary and artistic group developed on the basis of puppet troupe. It comes from a wide range of puppet art activities and is guided by mass puppet classes.
Gaozhou Puppet Cantonese Opera Troupe developed from an amateur large class. The troupe was formerly known as the folk amateur puppet class "Letiangeng" 1975, and later transformed into a county-run troupe. After more than 20 years of development, it has now developed into a professional literary and art group that has begun to take shape and enjoys a certain reputation at home and abroad. The troupe strives for realistic, vivid and vivid puppet modeling; Serious and meticulous performance; Music and singing are lively and smooth, full of humanity, never tired of listening, and endless aftertaste. Coupled with the tacit cooperation of actors, singing and doing are consistent, costumes, scenery and lighting are novel and unique, and the audience is in the theater, just like watching a live-action performance. Since 1987, Gaozhou Puppet Cantonese Opera Troupe and one-man Puppet Troupe of Liang Dongxing and Zhu Zhaogeng have been invited to participate in large-scale cultural performances such as "The First Folk Art Festival in Guangdong Province" for many times, which have been well received by organizers and people from all walks of life. 1September, 1992, Gaozhou Muppet Cantonese Opera Troupe went to Beijing to participate in the national folk art performance, and won five excellent awards for repertoire, director, music, performance and performance, which was appreciated and praised by experts at home and abroad. 1in the spring of 997, the troupe was invited to perform in Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Wherever he went, he aroused strong repercussions and was deeply loved and welcomed by compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao and foreign friends. Yongchun Folk Puppet Art Troupe of this city has also been invited to perform in many cities in Germany 10, which has been well received by German friends and evaluated by local news media as "beautiful in shape and good in performance technology".
On Hakka Marriage Customs in Western Guangdong
Married girls should share sister money.
There are hundreds of thousands of Hakkas living in the mountainous areas of western Guangdong, and their marriage customs are very interesting.
On the wedding day, older girls should seal their sister's money with red paper, no matter how much it is, it is as much as one yuan and two yuan, and as little as thirty cents. When going out, relatives gathered in the hall to see the girl off. The girl's brothers and sisters are even more afraid that she will go away, and they are all by her side, reluctant to part. At this time, the girl silently stuffed the wallet that had already been prepared into the pockets of her brothers and sisters. After the distribution, the girl took the umbrella that her elders had opened, crossed the threshold and got married.
On the way to the wedding, the bride with an umbrella, accompanied by the bride, walked slowly behind her. On the way, the bride will never talk to others, even if a close friend greets her, she can only smile back. This is not out of shyness. It is said that if it should be, there will be suspicion of "half-way husband and wife". Everyone knows that this is a taboo for the bride and will not talk to her.
The newlyweds respect each other's drumsticks.
On the wedding day, the bride went to the woman's house to pick up the bride and brought a cooked fat chicken. This chicken is called "cooked box chicken", which is used by the woman to entertain relatives and friends who come to see me off. When the woman's chef cuts fat chicken to entertain guests, the careful mother-in-law will tell the chef to set aside a pair of chicken legs.
That night, candles were lit in the new house. When sending the bride, she will take out a pair of chicken legs tied with red ropes from her dowry and put them in front of the bride and groom. Then, pour two cups of acacia wine and vegetables. The bride and groom picked up their glasses at the same time, sipped gently, exchanged glasses with each other and drank them off. To show that you are married and grow old together. Then each picked up a chicken leg and gave it to the other. At this time, the bride has quietly left. Really: "Wedding night, acacia wine is sweet, fat chicken legs are fragrant, and husband and wife drink and chew, and enjoy the happiness of the wedding together!"