① Zhoujia Courtyard
Zhoujia Courtyard is located in Ganyantou Village, Fujiaqiao Town, Lingling District, Yongzhou City. It was built in Jingtai period of Ming Daizong (1450- 1456) and Guangxu thirty years (1904). The descendants of Zhou Dunyi, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in the Song Dynasty, moved here in the middle of the Ming Dynasty to live and multiply, lasting for 26 generations for nearly 600 years, hence the name Zhou Family Courtyard. Although the construction time span is long, and it is a relay construction from generation to generation, the overall planning and layout seems to come from one person and is orderly.
The Zhoujia Courtyard consists of six courtyards, namely, the old courtyard, the red gatehouse and the black gatehouse built in the Ming Dynasty, and the new courtyard, the Yanzilou and the four courtyards built in the Qing Dynasty. The six courtyards are arranged in the shape of a big dipper from west to east, standing by the mountain, high in the south and low in the north, as if sitting in a plush chair. On the whole, the six courtyards are integrated and integrated. Both independent and harmonious, layered. Among them, the "four courtyards" are the largest, with a construction area exceeding 1 10,000 square meters. Zhoujia Courtyard has 180 rooms, 1300 rooms, 136 patios and 36 pavilions, with a total floor area of 100 mu and a construction scale of 45,000 square meters. The exquisite carving and painting skills, rich historical and cultural contents, strong national flavor, extensive contents and rich expression techniques of Zhou Jia quadrangles are amazing. In a large number of decorative patterns, most of them are lotus patterns, which is the reflection of ancestor Zhou Dunyi's masterpiece Ailian Shuo.
According to genealogical records, the descendants of Zhou in this Zhou family courtyard belong to the same ethnic group as Lu Xun and Zhou Enlai. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, the descendants of Zhou Dunyi, a philosopher in the Song Dynasty, moved here and thrived. According to historical research, Lu Xun is the grandson of Zhou Dunyi's 3 1 generation, the grandson of 32 generations, a generation younger than Lu Xun, and the descendant of Zhou Dunyi's second son, Zhou Dao. The surname of Ganyantou Village is Zhou. For more than 500 years, there has been no "sage" in the village, living together by blood relationship, and it has gone through 27 generations so far. There are more than 260 families and more than 900 people living in Zhoujia Courtyard, all of which live in the ancestral ancient courtyard, and the history and culture are still passed down in life. The Zhou family's good family style of "farming and reading" makes talents come forth in large numbers here. In the past 500 years, there have been many scholars, juren and Jinshi selected by imperial examinations in feudal times, and college students and graduate students who stand out from the modern college entrance examination. Among them, Zhou Xisheng, an academician of the Ming Dynasty who worked as a minister of household affairs, was the best. Zhou Chongfu, a senior official of the Qing Dynasty who once recovered Xinjiang with the left and then returned to his hometown Pingzhou Academy to give lectures, and so on.
In 2007, the compound was awarded the title of "China's famous historical and cultural village" by the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Culture and the Cultural Relics Bureau, and enjoyed the reputation of "the first ancient house in Xiaoxiang" and "the treasure of Hunan folk houses".
(2) Longjia Courtyard
Longjia Courtyard is located in Daguanling, Xintian County, Yongzhou. It was built in the Yuanfeng period of Song Shenzong, and has a history of 930 years. Because the Longjia family has always lived under a single surname, it is called "Longjia Courtyard". It is the ancient and modern residence of the descendants of Long Bogao, the magistrate of Lingling, who was famous for his "Eight Virtues" in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Through the continuous efforts of more than ten generations, the buildings with the pattern of "three halls, nine wells, twenty-four lanes and forty-eighth floor" were built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The compound is built on the mountain, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and there is a pond in front. On the left is Qinglong Mountain, and on the right is Baihu Mountain, which is closely related to the traditional geomantic omen in China, and is called "Left Qinglong, Right White Tiger". The whole champion covers an area of 45,000 square meters, with a building area of 5,780 square meters. The main building consists of 48 ancient houses, Yueyatang, Pushantang, Longshan School, Bade Pavilion and Hebao.
The compound has typical characteristics of southern Hunan, with clear water walls, blue bricks and small tiles, wind and fire walls, hard hilltops, pavilions, exquisite wood carvings, colorful paintings and dignified and simple screen walls. "Poetry is passed down from generation to generation, regardless of foreign farmers." There are 128 couplets, more than 20 plaques and nearly 30 places in the hall of Longjia Courtyard, all of which embody farming culture and seclusion thought. It also inherited the dragon's sincere, cautious, modest and thrifty character. Couplets not only have exquisite calligraphy, but also have different fonts, which have high artistic value and scientific research value.
Most of the large and small halls in the hospital are the front hall and the back hall, with three rooms wide, one room for each room and one bedroom for each other, which are symmetrical to each other. There is a patio in front of the hall for lighting and ventilation. The main halls are all blue brick auxiliary areas, and there is a place for ancestor worship on the back wall, and there is a memorial tablet for ancestor worship on the back wall. On important days or when important things are completed, such as getting married, building a house, and having children, the grandchildren of the younger generation should present a column of incense to their ancestors here and pray for their blessing. The wall opposite the main hall of the compound is a shadow wall with a golden dragon with three claws painted on it, which has the function of exorcising evil spirits and avoiding the house. Draw a three-claw dragon instead of a five-claw dragon. The first layer means that the ancestor is the dragon surname, and he does not forget the ancestor; Second, only the emperor can use the dragon with five claws for fear of being killed.
20 13, the compound has been listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
(3) Li Jia Courtyard
Li Family Courtyard is located in longxi village, Panshi Town, Qiyang City, Yongzhou City. It was built more than 500 years ago in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. Li's ancestors moved from Jiangxi to Qiyang to settle down. After making a fortune in timber business, they built the "Li Family Courtyard". After more than 300 years of development in the thirteenth generation, they finally built a clan house consisting of an old house, a bamboo hanging house, an upper house, a lower house and a pinzi bookstore. The houses preserved to this day include Shangxiawu and Lee's Ancestral Hall, covering an area of 1. 1 000 square meters.
The courtyard is an ancient commercial house, with its back to Qingshan and facing a large lotus pond. The house is made of blue bricks and tiles, with upturned cornices and ups and downs. The clear spring flowing down from the back hill flows into the stream through the diversion canal, and flows down from the right side of the house, forming the overall layout of the vertically arranged houses. Like an ink and wash landscape painting, it is hidden between green mountains and clear waters.
The main entrance of the compound is the Lee Ancestral Hall. On the flagpole stone representing fame in front of the ancestral hall, there are two tall flagpoles carrying two gauze lanterns. On the door of the ancestral hall, famous brands such as "Merit of the Five Armies", "Jinshi" and "Doctor Zheng Feng" tell the past glory of this family. A house with a tilted corner gives people a feeling of flying. The houses in the yard are connected layer by layer, with mottled wood, flower windows and bow carvings. They are all beautiful, without repetition, and all contain auspicious meanings, showing the superb wisdom and skills of ancient builders. The roof of the house has smallpox, the walls and pillars of the house are decorated with exquisite stone carvings and paintings, and the patio is paved with large bluestone, which can increase the lighting in sunny days and store water or drain water quickly in rainy days. The door diameter of the whole house is the same, and the roof is in harmony with the tall horse head wall in front. Some green plants grow from the cracks in walls or tiles, which are unique and elegant when matched with gray tiles.
The TV series Tao Zhu and Autumn in My Hometown were filmed here.
Similar clan courtyards include the Huangjia Courtyard in ningyuan county; Jia Xi Courtyard and Shude Villa in Dong 'an County; Sanhuaitang and Lijia Ancestral Hall in Lengshuitan District; Dengjia Courtyard in Shuangpai County; Jiangyong county in Gan Tang and so on. Throughout the dynasties, the clans living in these clans' courtyards, like their ancestors, maintained and adhered to the achievements of their ancestors and inherited the spirit of the clans. Walking into these courtyards, stroking those blue brick wood carvings, intoxicated with the mellow fragrance of a rich traditional culture, always gives people an illusion of traveling through time and space. Compared with high-rise buildings in modern cities and modern new houses in rural areas, these courtyards are like dazzling planets, frozen in an endless time.