Dourgen and the Mystery of Abahai's Birth and Death
Dourgen, son of Nurhachi 14, born in Ulan Nala Abahai. There are indications that in the complicated status struggle in Nurhachi's later years, Huang Taiji and Abahai, who originally lived in Fujin, jointly accused Fu Cha's division of Dafu of adultery with Prince Daishan, achieving the goal of killing two birds with one stone: Daishan, the main rival of Huang Taiji's status struggle, was deposed as a prince, and Mangutai, another opponent, suffered a heavy blow; The Fu Cha family of Dafujin was abandoned by Nurhachi, Abahai was promoted to the third Fujin of Nurhachi, and the status of his son Dourgen's three brothers rose sharply, ranking among the eight richest people at the age of 14, 8 and 6 respectively.
After the death of Nurhachi, the Dourgen brothers had jurisdiction over Huang Zheng, Huangbian and Lu Niu, and their strength surpassed that of Sanbaylor, making them the only forces that could win the championship except Huang Taiji and Dai Shan. Even though there were many candidates listed in the testamentary edict, Nurhachi's last words were transferred to Dourgen, who was temporarily assisted by Daishan. But at the critical moment, Dai Shan suddenly and dramatically announced that he wanted to make Huang Taiji Khan (it was later learned that Dai Shan was persuaded by his two sons, Yue Tuo and Sahalian, and accepted the exchange of Huang Taiji). When the dust settled, the first thing Huang Taiji did was to lure Baylor to Abahai's residence and force her to commit suicide. Abahai, as the mother of Houjin, is in power in the ruling and opposition, young, intelligent and ambitious. She knew the secrets of Huang Taiji, Nurhachi and even the later Jin Dynasty, and the development of Dourgen was unimaginable. She only has one death.
Young Dourgen lost both his father and mother, and was demoted to Baylor, and was governed and dominated by him. Huang taiji, 20 years older, kept his promise to Abahai and wanted to "support" the Dourgen brothers. He helped Dourgen become the owner of the white flag and brought the two white flags under his protection and control. Then, as his elder brother and monarch, Huang Taiji wooed and supported Dourgen in every way, making Dourgen a prince of Heshuorui at the age of 24, and a general at the age of 26, becoming a young commander with great wisdom and courage and outstanding military achievements.
Dourgen and the Mystery of "The Queen Mother Married"
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/643, Huang taiji died of illness. The new battle for the throne took place between the eldest son of Huang taiji, Haug, supported by Huang Qi and Blue Qi, and the fourteen brothers of Huang taiji, Dourgen, supported by Bai Qi and Baylor, who discussed the national politics. However, at the critical moment, Dourgen suddenly and dramatically announced that Fu Lin, the ninth son of the first emperor, was the emperor, and he and Zheng Qinwang JiErlang were "in charge of the Eight Banners". This decision left two ministers with yellow flags speechless. They are under the banner of holding the prince. Haug resigned himself, and his ex-wife Ulla Nora gave birth to him. She has no title. Fu Lin's biological mother is the princess of Yongfu Palace and one of the five concubines after Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor. Although Zhuang Fei's superiors are Linzhi Gong Guifei and her son Baimu Bogor, Linzhi Gong Guifei is the wife of captured Mongolian Li Dan Khan, and Baimu Bogor is two years younger. That is, the arrangement of the Regent is beyond reproach-Dourgen should be compensated for giving up fighting; Although Zilhallang is neutral, he supports Hogg. Supporters of the two white flags and Dourgen can also accept it-their strength is hard to overwhelm each other, they can support the young prince, and they can be regents as emperors who are not emperors. Fu Lin's accession to the throne gently resolved the crisis of the collapse of the newly-built Manchu emperor base. Fu Lin is a little emperor who is only six years old. Regent Dourgen and sourdrang dowager have become the objects of people's attention, especially the relationship between them has caused many reverie and speculation, which has spawned countless versions of rumors and unofficial history. The same topic is "The Empress Dowager Married", one of the four mysteries in the early Qing Dynasty (the other three mysteries are "Shunzhi becoming a monk", "Yongzheng seizing the office" and "Qianlong's life experience").
Whether the Queen Mother (that is, Xiao Zhuang) married Dourgen is not recorded in the official history, and historians also have different opinions.
The theory of "marrying under the sun" holds that it is a Manchu custom to marry a widowed wife and uncle, which was recognized by the ethical code at that time. What's more, Dourgen monopolized power and his ambition expanded. In order to keep his son's throne, Xiaozhuang can adopt the policy of marrying. There are three main reasons: First, after entering the customs, Dourgen was promoted to Regent as "Emperor Tai Shang", and was renamed as "Emperor Tai Shang" in his plans, chapters and wills. After his death, he was honored as "righteous emperor" and the ancestral temple was named "Chengzong". Secondly, in Zhang Huangyan's Ci of Building a Palace in the early Qing Dynasty, there was a saying, "Shou called a few bottles, Ci Ning Palace was full of rotten doors, and Chunguan entered the new instrument note yesterday to prepare for the queen mother's marriage". Thirdly, Xiao Zhuang did not bury Huang Taiji after his death, but was buried outside the "Feng Shui Wall" of Dongling, thousands of miles away from Zhaojing in Shengjing (Shenyang).
The theory of "not marrying" holds that since Manchu entered the customs and looked around the world, it could not but be restricted by the customs of Han nationality. They discussed the basis of the theory of "marrying down" one by one, and thought that "the emperor's father" was equivalent to "respecting the father" and "Guan Zhong", which was called the monarch's honorific title to ministers in ancient times, rather than the monarch's biological father, which was not enough to prove; Although Zhang Huangyan was contemporary with Dourgen, he was a famous anti-Qing minister in Nanming who was far away from Beijing. He does not rule out prejudice and writes poems with rumors and imagination. Xiaozhuang was not the only empress in the Qing Dynasty who was not buried. For example, after Shunzhi filial piety, after Yongzheng filial piety and so on. Not buried. According to historical records, among the concubines in the fifth palace of Huang Taiji, two are the wives of former Mongolian Li Dan Khan, and three are Borzijigit's family-Zhezhe, the queen of the middle palace, is a relative of Xiaozhuang, and Hailanzhu, the princess of the East Palace, is a relative of Xiaozhuang. Huang Taiji only loves Chen Fei. In this context, Xiaozhuang has no love and power. Xiaozhuang can't be favored by Huang Taiji, and Dourgen, who is similar in age, is selfless, close and affectionate, which is understandable, not to mention that Dourgen's wife is Xiaozhuang's cousin. Xiao Zhuang is powerful, and it is almost inevitable that her son Fu Lin will be established by Dourgen. After entering the Shanhaiguan Pass, whether Xiao Zhuang married Dourgen or became Dourgen's mistress, it started with his son and his son's throne. Later, Xiao Zhuang made Suksaha, who first exposed Dourgen's crimes, one of the four assistants of Kangxi. It can be inferred that the measures to lift Suksaha's white flag into the upper three flags, weaken the two white flags, strengthen the two yellow flags, and even the first decision to liquidate Dourgen and his henchmen are actually her actions.
Dourgen and the malpractice of "flat litigation" in the early Qing Dynasty
In the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), Dourgen died while hunting outside the border. When Dourgen died, the emperor shunzhi, who was only fourteen years old, came to power immediately. Soon, he lost his family property and population on the charge of "conspiring to usurp the throne", seized the seal he obtained, executed his followers in those days, and showed his crimes to China and foreign countries. Martino Martini, a missionary, recorded that Dourgen's body was "dug up, beaten with a stick, whipped with a whip, and finally his head was cut off. The body was exposed to the public and his magnificent mausoleum was reduced to ashes."
What's the animosity between the emperor shunzhi and Dourgen? Dourgen was accused of "conspiring to usurp the throne", but Dourgen never proclaimed himself emperor until his death. Even Qianlong Jingshi saw that Dourgen's "sweeping away the thief's spirit, eliminating the palace ban, sending the kings to chase the bandits, setting the border and creating a scale" were all drawn; Looking for ancestors to enter Beijing has become a unified industry, and it is the most outstanding. Wang has different aspirations, and the military power is in hand. Can't do is not to take advantage of the convenience at that time, until after death to use Long Bin, proved to be salivating, justified! "The contradiction between the emperor shunzhi and Dourgen is actually a reflection of the fierce conflict between the two cultures.
The emperor shunzhi was originally a compromise product of the "Prince's Inheritance" of Han culture and the discussion of national politics between Baylor, the eighth master of Manchu culture, and was pushed to the throne by Dourgen, the representative of Manchu culture. Naturally, Manchu culture not only dominated the political situation in the early Qing Dynasty, but also dominated the court in the early Qing Dynasty.
Judging from the political situation in the early Qing dynasty, Dourgen led the Qing army into the customs. While defeating hundreds of thousands of peasant troops in Li Zicheng, they ordered the "enclosure" for three times on the grounds of resettling the "kings, ministers and soldiers from the east" of Manchu. Forcing the Han people to "charge" their subordinates and forcing backward serfdom. The original small farmers became slaves. Slaves escape, which is the "escape rule" of the owner. Those who let people escape to work or even stay are the owners, plus tens of millions of people have lost their lives. Dourgen also kicked off the conquest of the world by issuing the orders of "shaving and changing clothes" and "those who don't shave and change clothes will be killed by the current system". Leave your hair, leave your hair, leave your head. Some people with hair storage will shave their hair, behead them if they don't like it, and hang their heads on a high pole with a shoulder pole to carry the load. Jiangyin and Kunshan slaughtered the city, and Jiading slaughtered the city three times. The Han people resisted fiercely, but Dourgen insisted on implementing the national high-pressure policy, and even ordered that "anyone who participated in shaving, enclosure, dressing, charging and fleeing will be severely punished." Scripts are not allowed to be sealed! "
From the court in the early Qing Dynasty, monarchical power belonged to Dourgen, who represented Baylor, the eighth master of Manchu culture. Xiao Zhuang married Dourgen in order to maintain his son's throne. Dourgen also exercised the right of "imperial father", led Shunzhi marriage, married Mongolian queen Bolzigit, and prevented him from learning China culture; Dourgen himself inherited the old habits of the Qing Dynasty and was laughed at by Han scholars-not only did he misbehave in his relationship with the Empress Dowager, but also publicly let his wife be a concubine after being named as Haug. Shunzhi has always been in the position of emperor. This emperor is an emperor in the cultural sense of China. Shunzhi couldn't tolerate all this and demanded to realize and prove his supreme emperor status, which was the root of his disagreement with Dourgen.
Dourgen led his nation into a new world and made contributions to the development of many ethnic groups. However, the negative policies such as "enclosure", "charging", "escape law" and "tonsure law" in the early Qing Dynasty reflected Dourgen's historical limitations.
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