The capital of Yuan Dynasty was the summer capital of the Yuan Dynasty, the greatest emperor in world history. Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, the ancestor of Yuan Dynasty, established the capital on the grassland in northern China in the middle of13rd century. Together with the capital of the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing), it constituted two capitals of the Yuan Dynasty. It was the political, economic, military and cultural center of China and the world at that time. It is an international metropolis, once as famous as Paris, Rome and other metropolises, and enjoys great influence in Eurasia.
It is such a magnificent metropolis that was burned down by the peasant rebels at 1358. After several wars, it was finally abandoned as "a ruin embracing a huge historical civilization." During the hundred years from the early construction of 1256 to the burning of 1358, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty had a great influence on the history of the world and China.
Although this ancient city has been burned by the war, its influence is still very extensive, and it is a physical witness to the glorious history of the Yuan Dynasty. It has unique historical, artistic and scientific value for studying the history of Yuan Dynasty and Mongolian culture. It is not only the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, but also the precious heritage of people of all nationalities in the world. Therefore, in 1964, the site of Shangdu in Yuan Dynasty and its cultural landscape were identified as "key cultural relics protection units in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region". 1988 has been designated as a "national key cultural relics protection unit", and 1996 has been included in the preparatory list of China government's declaration of world cultural heritage to UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Center, and it is being actively declared.
In 2006, Shangdu Site in Yuan Dynasty was awarded:
Named "Top Ten Brands of National Cultural Tourism" by the Ethnic Affairs Committee of the People's Republic of China;
It was named "Top Ten Monuments in Inner Mongolia" by the Propaganda Department of Inner Mongolia Party Committee and Inner Mongolia Tourism Bureau.
It was jointly awarded the "Zhenglan Banner Patriotism Education Base" by Zhenglan Banner Committee and Zhenglan Banner People's Government.
A wonderful book!
Brilliant history!
The ruins of Shangdu in the Yuan Dynasty will be rich in cultural heritage, bearing the eyes of the world and shaking the glory again! Rise again!
The capital of Yuan Dynasty was the capital of an orthodox dynasty that was unprecedented in China's history. It was originally built by Yuan Shizu Emperor Kublai Khan, the grandson of Emperor Chengji Temple. The city is located in the upper reaches of Luanhe River, just north of Beijing. This grassland capital, founded by riders in the north of China, is regarded as the product of the wonderful combination of farming culture in the Central Plains and nomadic culture in the grassland. Historians praise it as comparable to the ancient Italian city of Pompeii. 125 1 After Mongo proclaimed himself emperor in, Kublai Khan was appointed as the military general manager of the Southern Han Dynasty, stationed in Jinlianchuan with Mobei and Nanlin, recruited celebrities from all over the world, and established the famous Jinlianchuan shogunate. The establishment of Jinlianchuan shogunate played an important role in Kublai Khan's governance of Han and even the unification of China. 1256, Kublai Khan ordered Liu to build a city here, formerly known as Kaiping House. 1259, the city wall was built. 1260 In March, Kublai Khan ascended the throne of the Great Mongolian Empire here and became the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shizu. Sai-jo takes Kaiping County as its capital. 1May, 264, Sai-jo established Dadu (now Beijing, Kaiping County was promoted to Shangdu, replacing Mobei and Lin, and Yanjing was changed to Zhongdu, later called Dadu, and a patrol system was established. Both of them are summer capitals and isomorphic with Yuan capitals, forming Yuan capitals. There are three traffic lines between Beijing and Shangdu today. Every April, Yuan Di comes to Shangdu, and in September, it is cool in autumn and returns to Dadu. The emperor stayed in Shangdu for half a year. During the emperor's stay in Shangdu, various government departments followed each other and handled important government affairs. In addition, the emperor will hunt, eat, drink and be merry, and hold meetings of Mongolian princes and nobles and traditional sacrificial activities.
According to records, there was once a population of 1 10000 in the Yuan Dynasty, and the circumference of the city wall was more than 8 kilometers. There are about 60 yamen and 160 temples in the city, and the post roads extend in all directions, which is the transportation hub between Mobei and the Central Plains. The whole city consists of three walls: Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer City. Miyagi is north of the central part of the imperial city. Miyagi is the core of the city, including Donghua, Xihua and Yutian. The walls are inlaid with bricks, the most important of which is the Yutianmen Gate in the south. It is on the central axis with Mingde Gate, the south gate of the Imperial City, which is the main access road. The imperial edicts issued by the emperor should be published on the Yumen Gate, then sent to most places, and then forwarded to all provinces in the country. There are major palaces, pavilions, yamen and palaces in Miyagi. Gongcheng has temples such as Crystal, Daming and Hongxi, pavilions such as Daan and Yanchun, and temples such as Huayan and Gan Yuan. Miyagi also has spring pools, and the garden features are very obvious. Da 'an Pavilion is the most important building in Miyagi and a symbol of going to Beijing. It was built in 1266, and was made by Yuan Shizu from Bianliang (Xichun Pavilion in Kaifeng). The imperial city is located in the southeast corner of the city, with brick walls, temples, Chinese studies and some large buildings inside. The northern part of the outer city is the royal garden and the building of the golden roof tent "Brown Hair Hall". There are a large number of wings in the east, south and west of the city, and there are many architectural relics. The houses and artisans' warehouses in commercial shops are mainly concentrated in the compartments. Every spring, summer and autumn, the outer city of Shangdu is more prosperous than the inner city, with hundreds of thousands or even millions of floating population and dozens of kilometers in Fiona Fang. There is also a detached palace in the west of the city, Fiona Fang Shili. Buildings are mainly palaces and camps. There is also a royal garden 25 kilometers away from Fiona Fang, and there are many temples and temples in the northern suburbs. 1358, the Red Scarf Army of the peasant uprising conquered Shangdu and burned the Forbidden City, but it did not recover. The most glorious time of the Yuan Dynasty happened to be 100. Up to now, Shangdu site is well preserved, which is of great value to the study of the ancient capital of China.