Located in the west of Lianggezhuang, Yixian County, Hebei Province, Qing Xiling is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Founded in 1730 (the eighth year of Yongzheng), it went through the middle of18th century to the beginning of19th century and arrived in the Republic of China.
The Qing Xiling Mausoleum is a hilly area, surrounded by mountains, with dense trees and excellent scenery. In the east, there is the ruins of the old city, the capital of Xia Yan, more than 2,300 years ago; in the west, it looks at the majestic Zijingguan; in the north, it looks at the majestic Yongning Mountain; and today it reaches Yishui, which flows eastward.
There are four mausoleums in the west of Qing Dynasty: Tailing Mausoleum, Changling Mausoleum, chongling Mausoleum, Three Houling Mausoleums and Three Princess Mausoleums. In addition, there are 14 Wang Huailing, Princess Mausoleum, Argo Mausoleum and Wang Yeling Mausoleum. * * *, there are 4 emperors, 9 queens, 56 concubines, 76 princes and princesses buried.
Xiling Fiona Fang is nearly 200 Li, and there are three layers of boundary markers on the periphery, namely red, blue and white, and the distance between each layer is 10 Li. In addition to boundary markers, there is also Guanshan, and no one is allowed to set foot on it. In order to strengthen the management of cemeteries, a set of institutions has been set up. Xiling has a building area of more than 50,000 square meters, with more than 0/000 palaces and more than 0/000 stone buildings and stone carvings, forming a large-scale and magnificent building complex. Many buildings have colored paintings and sculptures. There are many colorful paintings in palaces, temples and memorial archways, and there are Soviet-style colorful paintings in palaces and houses. Among the sculptures in the mausoleum, dragons and phoenixes are the most numerous. The whole building complex reflects the height of the development of ancient architectural art in China and the fine tradition of national style, fully embodies the outstanding wisdom and creativity of the working people in China, and is an extremely precious cultural treasure of the motherland. The West Mausoleum Garden is full of flavor, with towering Gu Song and evergreen seasons. In the green sea, there are splendid glazed tile palaces, Xia Zhishi in spring, Songtao Island language in the shade of trees, flowing water and picturesque scenery, making it a summer resort.
The cemetery buildings in Xiling reach more than 50,000 square meters, with 1000 halls, stone buildings and hundreds of stone carvings.
Most of the remaining seats are well preserved.
The largest Yongzheng Tailing Mausoleum
The Tailing Mausoleum in Yongzheng, located in the center of the Mausoleum, is the earliest and largest building in Xiling. The rest of the tombs are distributed on the east and west sides. The Shinto of Tailing is paved with three layers of giant bricks, and there are more than 40 large and small buildings on both sides, which are distributed from south to north. The first building is a five-hole bridge with multiple arches entering the mausoleum area. There are three tall stone archways standing upright in the north of the bridge. The archway is solemn, beautiful and harmonious in color. These three stone workshops, all in the form of five rooms, six columns and eleven floors, are made of blue and white stones, with vivid shapes such as mountains, water, flowers, grass and animals, and are regarded as representative works of Xiling architectural art.
Jiaqing's mausoleum is called Changling.
Changling and Tailing are juxtaposed, and the scale is comparable to that of Tailing. Jiaqing is fifteen sons of Qianlong. When Qianlong passed it to him, he chose a good mausoleum site for him one kilometer south of Tailing. Long 'en Temple in Changling is very distinctive. The ground is covered with precious yellow mottled stones, and the slate is also covered with purple patterns, which are smooth and dazzling, like a room full of gems. The pillars are inlaid with gold, and Yunlong is brilliant.
Exquisite Daoguang Mausoleum
Daoguang's tomb is called Muling. Muling is characterized by its small scale, and there are no buildings such as Fangcheng, Minglou, Dabei Pavilion and stone statues, but the project weight is stronger than that of Taichang Mausoleum. The whole fence, brick grinding joints, wall dry grouting level and firm. The building technology of Long 'en Hall is exquisite. The main hall is made of golden nanmu, which is not decorated with oil and color, and keeps the original color of logs. As soon as the door of the hall opened, the aroma of nanmu came to the nose. There are dragons in every small square on the ceiling, and Youlong and Panlong are also engraved on purlins and sparrows. These dragons are all panting. It is said that this was all Daoguang Ben's idea. The tomb site originally chosen for him found that the underground palace was flooded, so Daoguang chose another place and named it Longquan Valley. Daoguang thinks that the underground palace is flooded, which may be caused by dragons digging holes and the water in Longkou. If all the dragons were moved to the ceiling, they wouldn't spit in the underground palace, so he ordered thousands of skilled craftsmen to carve many dragons with Jin Sinan wood carvings, which were covered with smallpox algae wells, creating the momentum of "dragons gather together and dragons are fragrant in Longkou".
Chongling is the mausoleum of Guangxu.
Yu Jinlong, located about 4 kilometers southeast of Tailing, is the last surviving mausoleum in China. It was founded in the first year of Xuantong (1909) and completed in the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15). The number and scale of buildings in chongling are in full compliance with Tongzhi Hui Ling. Skilled in construction, there are rare arhat pine and silver pine in the musical instrument tree of the cemetery. Emperor Guangxu and his queen Yulong were buried together in this underground palace.
The history of Qing Xiling
The tombs of Nurhachi and Huang Taiji, the founding emperors of the Qing Dynasty, are all in Shenyang's hometown (Shengjing Sanling). Since Shunzhi, tombs of past dynasties have been placed in the Qingling Mausoleum in Malanyu, Zunhua County, Tangshan. Yong Zhengdi found that the geomantic omen at the foot of Yongning Mountain is very good, which is very close to Beijing, especially near Quyang County, which produces stones. The white marble materials needed to build palaces and tombs in Ming and Qing Dynasties were all produced in Taihang Mountain area of Quyang, so he decided to build his mausoleum in Xiling, which could save a lot of manpower. Due to the strict reform during Yongzheng period, although diligent, it offended many people and had a bad reputation. Therefore, it is said that Yongzheng killed his father and usurped the throne, so he dared not see his father after his death, so he built another grave in Xiling.
The Tailing Mausoleum in Yongzheng is the most magnificent cemetery in Xiling. Yongzheng wrote a letter before he died and decided not to build stone statues and shinto for his mausoleum. But his ambitious son, Emperor Qianlong, not only built stone statues and Shinto for Tailing, but also built three largest stone archways in China before Shinto. But Qianlong worships his grandfather Kangxi very much and doesn't want to be buried in Xiling. He built a luxurious mausoleum for himself in Dongling, but he couldn't leave his father alone in Xiling, so he wrote a letter to the future emperor, "Show Mu Ling and bury him every other generation."
According to the meaning of Qianlong, his son, the tomb of Emperor Jiaqing, was placed in Xiling. During the Jiaqing period, the national strength of the Qing Dynasty was not as good as that of "Kang Gan Sheng Shi", so the scale of Changling was far less than that of Tailing.
According to Qianlong's will, Jiaqing's son Daoguang should have been buried in Dongling, but when the tomb was built for the dead queen, underground water leaked from the underground palace. Daoguang thought it was unlucky and decided to move the capital to Xiling. Daoguang Muling has an outward wooden faucet carved in the middle of the partition of each door and window, which is very delicate, just like a mold. He wants to get water with the dragon to avoid flooding.
Because Daoguang was buried in Xiling, his son Emperor Xianfeng had to be buried in Dongling. Xianfeng's son Tongzhi Emperor died young, and Empress Dowager Cixi made a decision and still placed it in Dongling. Cixi built a luxurious mausoleum for herself in Dongling, completely ignoring Emperor Guangxu, but when they died at the same time, there was no mausoleum in Guangxu. Chongling, the mausoleum of Emperor Guangxu of Xiling, was built only after Guangxu's death, but the Revolution of 1911 took place three years later, and the Qing emperor abdicated. According to the renewal agreement of the government of the Republic of China and the efforts and donations of a group of elderly people, it was not completed until 19 13. Therefore, the buildings in chongling are very new and angular, from which you can imagine the elegance of the Forbidden City when it was just built. In addition to chongling, there are also the tombs of Zhen Fei (who committed suicide) and her sister Jin Fei, who are very famous in history.
The Three Tombs of Zhongtai Tomb in Xiling are well preserved and have not been stolen. The tombs of Yuling, chongling and Zhenfei were stolen, and the funerary objects were lost. At present, chongling Underground Palace has been opened as a museum.
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