Chihe River, also known as ancient Chishui, is the last tributary on the right bank of the middle reaches of the Huaihe River and the largest tributary of the Huaihe River within its jurisdiction. The total length is 245 kilometers, with an average slope of 0.023%, and the total drainage area is 50 15 square kilometers, including 4,533 square kilometers in China. Chihe River basin starts from the east of Huainan Railway in the west, connects with Wabu River and He Yao River basins, reaches the bank of Huaihe River in the east, connects with the south of fengyangshan main ridge in the left and connects with the north of Jianghuai watershed main ridge in the right, including the southeast of Changfeng County, the north of Feidong County, most areas of Dingyuan County except the northwest, central mingguang city, the southeast corner of Fengyang County and the north of Xuyi County in Jiangsu Province.
Tanshui has three sources. The Central Plains is Chucheng River, which originates from Pingshan and Jiajiadian in Duji, southeast of Changfeng County, flows into Dingyuan County from west to east in Handamiao, and joins Nanyuan in Jiangxi via Jiangjin, with a length of 32.8 kilometers and a drainage area of 209 square kilometers.
The south source is Shangchong River, which originates from Qinglongchang in Feidong County, flows eastward into Dingyuan County near Xihu Gang, and then joins the Central Plains through Xieji and Ji Guo, with a length of 29 kilometers and a drainage area of 175 square kilometers.
Dongyuan is Jichen River, which originates from Dingyuan County at the southern foot of fengyangshan and has two tributaries. It starts from Dinglong Longyan Spring (also known as Shuanglongquan) at the northern foot of Shandong Province in the east, and starts from the spewing Shiquan at the eastern foot of Shandong Province in the west. The Er Quan South Stream joins the East Courtyard at the Dashu Queen and enters the Xiyangshan Small Reservoir. The outflow flows south in Sanlidian, crosses Luding Highway, and then flows into Nanyang Shuanghe medium-sized reservoir. After flowing out, it flows southward into the South and Middle Sources in Lianjiang, with a length of 63.8 kilometers and a drainage area of 186.8 square kilometers. Under the confluence of the three sources, it is called the pool river.
There are several theories about the main sources of the three. About 1935- 1937, the first draft of Dingyuan County Records was revised: "The pool originated from the joy of Yangshan, and the east and west sources have their own things. The source in the west comes from the gushing stone spring in Dongjiashan, and the source in the east comes from the longan spring in the southwest at the foot of Dadingling Mountain ... "According to the recent compilation of water conservancy records in Feidong County, the Chihe River originated in Duji Pingshan area in the southeast of Changfeng County. The length of the river is Jichen River, and the basin area is slightly larger than Chucheng River. The source of Jichen River is in the mountainous area, and there are many streams. The elevation of spewing spring is167m, and that of Longyan spring is154m. The river bed has a long history of deep cutting and rapid water flow. It seems more appropriate to take this river as the main source.
Not far from the downstream of Sanyuanhui, the dam of Jiangxiang Reservoir has been stopped. The river passes through the gap left by the dam, passes through Lianjiang, passes through He Bing Highway, winds eastward along the boundary between Dingyuan and Feidong counties, turns northeast in the south of Erlong Township of Dingyuan, enters Dingyuan County, descends through the bridge of Chihe Town, Shijiao Bridge, Outangbei, Renhe Ji, passes through Chuding Highway, and then flows through the boundary between Sanhe and Mingguang counties of Dingyuan County in the northwest of Hengshan County of mingguang city via Hongshan (Gaotangji). From Magang to mingguang city City in the north, across the Jin-Pu Railway and 104 Highway, it enters Nvshan Lake at Moshankou, exits the hukou in the old county (Nvshan Lake Town and Gushuiling County), and then flows eastward from Qili Lake (also known as Jianxi West Lake) and Maoer Hubei into the Huaihe River at the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui. On the south bank is Hongshantou, Xuyi County, and on the other bank is Magangzui, mingguang city. Water is taken from Caiqiao River, Maqiao River, Cangdong River, Nandian River, Sangjian River, Tianhe River, Chun Qing River and Huangqiao River at the southern foot of fengyangshan, as well as tributaries such as Huangfushan and Laojiashan, Yihe River, Dunziwang River, Yongning River, Qilihe River, Genghe River, Nanshahe River, Shiba River and Jianxi River.
The Chihe River originally flowed into the Huaihe River from Qianjiazui on the left bank of Nvshan Lake. The paragraph in Huainian Table reads: "The Dahekou is in Fushan, with a straight line distance of about seven miles. Dahekou divides the Huaihe River into the south, and its name is Xiao Lizhu. The southeast flows for dozens of miles, with a water content of two. One flows south into Jinlonggou, the other flows south through Fenggongtan, and meets the pool mouth in the west. Nine miles northwest of the estuary, there is a rich hukou, and to the south of the estuary is the Gu Chi estuary. We can know that Tanshui is older than Qianjiazui and flows into Huaihe River, and we can also know that Huaihe River is older than Dahekou and flows into Qianjiazui south. One east flows into Pancun Lake, one east flows into Taipinggou, and Taipinggou flows into Huaihe River. " Dahekou is now called Dagoukou, and the Huaihe River is no longer diverted. Fenggong Beach is surrounded by Anhuaiwei, with Huaihe River in the east and Dianchi River in the south.
There is little raw water in the pool, so pedestrians can wade barefoot. At Xiyangshan Reservoir, the river gradually widened and the river bed was deeply cut, so pedestrians could no longer wade across the river. To Shuanghe Reservoir, the river bottom elevation is reduced from 90 meters to 55 meters, the river channel ratio is reduced to 1/600, and the river bottom width is 2-5 meters. Below Shuanghe Reservoir, the water volume increases, the riverbed gradually widens and the flow pattern gradually soars. The elevation of the river bottom in the river lane is reduced from 55 meters to 32 meters, and the river ratio is reduced to11500. After the confluence of the three sources, the riverbed widens, the discharge increases, and the river is deep and steep. The elevation from the river bottom to the bridge section is reduced from 32 meters to 22 meters, the river slope is 1/3200- 1/4000, and the bottom width is 2-6 meters. Under the bridge, from Shijiao Bridge to Chihe Town, the river bottom elevation has been reduced from 22m to14m, and the slope is 1/5000- 1/6900. The river channel is still narrow, gradually widening under Zhaoqiao Bridge, and the river bottom is 4 4- 10/0m wide. Shijiao Bridge was originally planned to be built for sluice control. The elevation of the river bottom from Chihe River to Shanwei River is reduced from14m to10m, the river ratio is reduced to 1/6900, and the river bottom is 6-18m wide. The flat depressions on both banks are gradually protected by dikes from below Sanheji. From Jiangxiang to Shanxu, the banks are mostly hilly, the riverbed is deeply cut, the river channel is narrow and curved, and the safe passing flow is about 400 cubic meters per second. During the flood season, the floodplain is often flooded, flooding the depressions on both sides of the river. When the Huaihe River rose, it flooded the Chihe River and reached the Chihe Bridge. When the water level below Zhaoqiao along the river is high, it can be navigable, and a sluice is built on the mountain. The river bottoms from Shanxu to Jiashan and Jiashan to Moshankou into Nvshan Lake are gentle, with almost zero gradient. The width of the river bottom is gradually widened from 18m to 40m, and there are intermittent dikes on both banks. The distance from Shanxu to Jiashan dike is 95 to 150m, and the distance below Jiashan dike is 48 to 100m. The next section of mingguang city City Highway Bridge is narrow and curved, and it is called Jiujiu. The bottom elevation of Nvshan Lake is 10.5m ~1.5 m, and the bottom elevation of Qili Lake and Maoer Lake is about10.5 m, reaching the section where Hongshantou flows into Huaihe River.
There are sluice gates and ship locks in the old county, and the shipping department has excavated a waterway with a bottom width of 25 meters. The elevation of the gate bottom is 8m, and the gate is about10m, which is navigable for ships of100t class. There are 1 1 dikes on the left bank of Chihe River, with a total length of 7 1.96 km. There are 9 dikes from the left bank of Handu North, with a total length of 36.3 km. The section from Chihe Town to Jiashan is rich in yellow sand, especially the tributary Nanshahe River.
Chihe tributary
Caiqiaohe
This river, also known as Yaqiao River, originated from Zhuanghutang, Bai Yang, the remnant vein of Xiyang Mountain in Dingyuan County. Landianzhuang flows southward through Dinglu Highway to Daqingtangba and enters Dayu medium-sized reservoir. South through the upgrade set, into the Caiqiao medium-sized reservoir. After leaving the library, it goes down to Zhaojiawei via the Hebang Highway north of Caiqiaoji, where it meets the Wanghe River in Ganggang and joins the Chihe River at the junction of Da Qiao, Yihe and Erlong, with a total length of 49.6 kilometers.
Wang Gang originates in the northeast of Xinglong River in Dingyuan County, flows southward through the broom dam, passes through Hebang Highway in Gaotang Township, flows southward into the medium-sized reservoir of Wang Gang, and flows southward into Caiqiao River in Zhaojiawei, with a length of about 18km. Maqiao River originates from the southern foot of fengyangshan, Dingyuan County, and mainly has two sources: east and west. The west source is the main source, and there are two branches in the west. The west flower is in the suction wind tunnel at the western foot of Dajian Mountain, and the east flower is in Tuanshan Mountain. Both of them flow into Huangshan medium-sized reservoir, then turn south via Luojiaba, and enter Jiefang medium-sized reservoir via Chengjiaqiao and Dinglu Highway. After leaving the warehouse, it flows southeast through the weir bridge, crosses He Bing Highway, and then joins Dongyuan through Guanqiao. Dongyuan comes from the southern foot of Sanshan Mountain, flows through Dawuzhuang and Panjiagang in the south and enters the medium-sized reservoir in the north of the city. After leaving the library, cross Nanmen Bridge and He Bing Highway southbound in the western half of Dingyuan County, and meet Xiyuan after crossing Hongqiao and Taojiaba. After merging, the two sources continue to flow southward, passing Maqiao and Youfangzhu, and the tributaries from the north are gathered at Tangqiao, and then merge into the Chihe River at the south of the bridge, with a total length of 64.6 kilometers and a drainage area of 385.4 square kilometers. Xiaoli medium-sized reservoir is built on a tributary.
1935- 1937, Dingyuan county annals were revised, and Maqiao River was regarded as the east source of Chihe River, and the place where the river entered Chihe River was under Lianjiang River, so it seemed inappropriate to regard it as Chi Yuan. Tianhe, known as Xihao River in ancient times, is located on the right bank of Huaihe River, originating in Fengyang County and on the east and west sides of Damai Mountain at the northern foot of fengyangshan. The west side is the main source, out of the Monkey Valley, flowing northward through Wudian, Kaocheng and Yangmiao, and reaching the intersection of Guangde Village and Dongyuan at the junction of Fenghuang (Yang), Huaiyuan (Yuan) and Bengbu (Hong Kong).
Dongyuan flows from Shengshan 'ao in the west of Caodian, flows north through Liufu to Qinshan Temple and then flows west, with a small tributary on the right reaching Gong Ji North and a small tributary on the left. Yuguangde Village and Xiyuan flow into Beiyuan County, widening into a lake, with a length of 15km from north to south and a water surface width of about 1km. The lake area shrinks into a river from Huaying to Shenzhen and Hong Kong, and flows northward through Tianhe Gate. The total length of the river is 40.5 kilometers, including 22 kilometers in the territory, with a total drainage area of 340 square kilometers, mainly low mountains and hills. The bottom width of the outlet reach of Tianhe River is 24m, and the river bottom elevation is13.0m. Haohe River, also known as mountains and rivers, was called Haoshui in ancient times. Haohe River, located on the right bank of Huaihe River, is the largest inland river in Fengyang County, which originated at the northern foot of fengyangshan. There are two sources: mainly dongyuan, which comes from Baiyun Mountain, Sanshan Mountain, Tuanshan Mountain, Dajinshan Mountain and Langwo Mountain. There are caves in the mountains that breed stalactites, also known as stalactites. Water from Jade Crab Spring, Nanquan, Beiquan, Senquan, Bagua Spring and Zhushiquan flows to Wangerqiao (also known as Wang Jiaqiao), flows northward to Chen Jianan Mountain and enters the medium-sized reservoir in fengyangshan, and flows through Yin Jian and Zhushiquan after leaving the warehouse.
Xiyuan comes from Wudaoshan area, also known as Tanghe, which gathers Niu Bei, Ma Po, Long Mu, Hongdonggou, Dajian, Pucuo, Liu Quan, Lingquan and Liangquan in Yuniutan, enters Guangou medium-sized reservoir, and then passes through Shezikou, Wugang, Tanerwan and Damiao, where it joins with Gao Chenjia and Dongyuan.
After the two sources meet, they flow through Datong Bridge and Taiping Bridge to Linhuai and enter the Huaihe River. There are three original places where the Huaihe River enters the Huaihe River: First, it flows eastward through Taiping Bridge, Nanmen Bridge, Jinpu Railway 1084 Bridge, and enters the Huaihe River from the old embankment, which has been blocked; First, the Xinqiao Gouwukong Bridge (formerly known as Huaining Bridge) entered the Huaihe River and has been blocked; First, it passes through Jinpu Railway Bridge and Haoliang Bridge, and then enters the Huaihe River at Guangyun Bridge (demolished), that is, the Huaihe River. Haohe River has a total length of 56 kilometers and a drainage area of 626 square kilometers. The basin is dominated by hills, and the lower reaches of Haohe River are called Haohewa.
Haohe River was called Haoshui in ancient times, and it was recorded in detail in the old chronicles, from which we can see the changes and historical relics in the lower reaches of the river. Anhui Tongzhi: "Haohe River flows from Tang Hao, which is famous for filling ponds with mountain springs, to Mo Xie in the west, where it joins Shengqiao and flows into Huaihe River in the northeast". He also said, "In the southwest of Huaihe River, there is a stone without water, which is called Haoliang, that is, Guan Yu of Zhuang Hui." Fengyang County Chronicle: "There are hundreds of mountains in the southwest, with strict weather and no beautiful women beside them. However, the leaders of Ranshan stay in the sunshine, with Yaochi in the east and Xiyuan in the north. " In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1908), Fengyang Prefecture announced: "The water source of Dong Hao comes from Rushan in Nanzhong, Fengyang County, also known as Hao Yongshan, and flows to Wanger Bridge in the northeast. The spring water from Baiyun Mountain in the west flows into the fifteen miles, the spring water from Dongsi Jade Crab flows into it from Tonggu Mountain in the northwest, and the spring water outside the gate of Guanyin 'an Mountain flows into it from the north. Haoshui is in the northeast, Qingshan Zhushi spring water enters from the current, Lingshan spring water flows 30 Li from Penerkou to Chajiankou, 6 Li from Beiliu to Shangqiao is Xihao water, 5 Li from Northeast to Li Sheng Bridge, and 0/0 Li from Northeast to Datong Bridge. Tang Yanshui enters from the east of Jinqiao, from the northeast 15 mile into Huaicheng, and from Guangyun Bridge to Huaining Bridge, from Heyu River to Huaihe River in the west. The geographical location of the main tributaries of Haohe River is the same as today. According to local records, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River were navigable during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xiaoxi River is located on the right bank of Huaihe River, which originates from Moqi Mountain, Niu Shan Mountain and Baiyun Mountain in Dingyuan County at the foot of Fengyang Mountain. After confluence, the water flows northward through Xiaojiaxiang into Fengyang County, and then flows through Hongxin into Randeng Temple medium-sized reservoir. After leaving the library, Xiaoxi River is collected by Jinpu Railway, enters Garden Lake through Daxi River and majiawan, and the river flows into Huaihe River on the west side of Dayang Mountain through Xiaoxi River. During the flood of 1950, the lake area expanded. 195 1 year, a new 1 km channel was opened in Huangzui, west of Xiaoxi River, to divert water into Huaihe River. Build a sluice at the mouth of the river, named Garden Lake Sluice, and block the old river from east to west at the same time. Xiaoxi River is 36.0 kilometers long with a drainage area of 389 square kilometers. There is Banqiao River on the west side of the stream and Lutang Reservoir on the upstream.