Hedgehogs can be divided into the following types according to different heights: short hedges, the height of which is controlled at about 0.5 meters; Middle hedge, about 1 m high; High hedge, height more than 2 ~ 3m. Different kinds of plants form hedges, so their names have changed. For example, hedges made of spiny plants, such as Berberis, Pyracantha and Rosa roxburghii, are called spiny hedges. If flowering shrubs such as gardenia, Milan and Seven Sisters roses are used as hedges, they are called flower hedges. There are two common forms of hedging: natural hedging and overall hedging. The former grows naturally without artificial shaping. The whole hedge is constantly trimmed into various regular shapes according to people's wishes and needs, forming a neat and artistic green wall. The whole hedge is generally planted in a straight line, but it can also be planted into various curves or geometric shapes for some special needs in the garden. When pruning, the elevation shape must be coordinated with the plane planting form. When planting hedgerows, both annual and biennial seedlings are acceptable, but 2 ~ 3-year-old seedlings are the most ideal.
The planting spacing of hedgerows must be determined according to the requirements of biological characteristics, and some space should be left for the future growth and development of hedgerows. Flowering shrubs are used as hedges. Under normal circumstances, most of them are planted in double rows with a spacing of about 20 ~ 30 cm. If flowering shrubs are used as hedges, the spacing between plants is usually about 50 cm; If the rose bushes with thick branches are used as flower fences, the plant spacing should generally be around 1 m.
Only one tree species can be selected for each row of hedgerows, and random mixed planting is not allowed. The height, trunk diameter and branches of all seedlings should be consistent in general, so as to lay a good foundation for future shaping and pruning. It is best to let the hedge grow naturally for one year after planting, and don't hinder the growth of underground roots because of premature pruning.
Starting from the second year, short pruning will be carried out according to the required hedge height. When pruning, the height of 1/3 ~ 1/2 should be cut off according to the seedling size. In order to reduce the height of branches and make many branches close early, all new shoots can be pruned 2 ~ 3 times in the growing period (May ~ 65438+1October). This pruning is repeated for 2 ~ 3 years until the lower branches of the hedge grow evenly and densely, and the upper crowns are closely connected. After the hedge is formed, it can be trimmed according to the growth habits and actual needs of different tree species. Natural hedgerows are generally not specially pruned, but are routinely pruned during cultivation to remove old, weak, withered, diseased, insects and residual branches. Most flower hedges are natural, so it is best to prune them after the flowers wither, which can not only prevent a large number of fruits and new shoots from growing in vain and consume a lot of nutrients, but also promote the differentiation of flower buds and prepare for the next year or the next flowering.
In order to maintain the hedge's proper height and smooth and symmetrical appearance, the conventional hedge needs to trim the new tips protruding from the contour line smoothly and neatly. Except for the dormant period and early germination period in winter and spring, large flat shears should be used in the second and third quarters, and 1 ~ 2 times should be cut every quarter. After autumn, if the temperature is suitable and the hedge is much longer, you can cut it again, and it is advisable to cut it lightly to control the hedge growth. Hedgehogs are the easiest to dry and the lower part is bare, so it is best to have a trapezoidal side section when pruning.
Schematic diagram of hedge side section
It can make the lower branches and leaves not get enough sunshine, grow luxuriantly and are not easy to be exposed; If the pruning intensity on both sides of the hedge is exactly the same, and its cross section forms a rectangle with the same top and bottom, then the branches and leaves below will gradually turn yellow and die because they are in the shade and the sun is not enough, eventually leading to the bottom being exposed; However, if the cross section is inverted trapezoid, the lower part of the hedge is easy to be bald quickly and cannot be kept intact for a long time. After years of growth, many new trunks have sprouted in hedges, which increases the density of trunks. In addition, cutting off new branches every year promotes the growth of many branches, making the whole hedge airtight and opaque, especially the leaves at the lower part of the trunk wither and fall off. Therefore, according to the actual density requirements, it is necessary to remove too many old trunks and keep new trunks, so that the interior has good ventilation and light transmission conditions, which lays the foundation for the growth of updated hedgerows.
The next step is to cut off the branches on the trunk. Take back the remaining trunks and trim them one by one. The reserved height of trunk depends on the surrounding environment and tree species, generally 30 cm. For the lateral branches reserved at the lower part of the trunk, the branches that are too dense are thinned first, and then the reserved branches are retracted and trimmed. Generally, the length of each branch is 10 ~ 15 cm. In the second year, light cutting of new branches (multiple cutting) promotes branching; In the third year, cut the top slightly lower than the required height, and then trim it once a year. As hedgerows, most deciduous shrubs have strong callus and germination ability. For tree species with strong germination ability, after aging and deformation, the method of stubble leveling can be used to update, leaving only short trunks and sawing off all the above-ground parts. After stubble leveling, the germination ability of plants is particularly strong, and it can grow into the prototype of hedge within 1 ~ 2 years, and it can be restored to the prototype of hedge after 3 years.