The theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements prevailed in the late Warring States period, and after the Han and Wei Dynasties, it infiltrated Feng Shui, which matched the four seasons and four directions. "The Story of the Spring and Autumn Period" said: "The wood is on the left, the gold is on the right, the fire is in the front, the water is behind, and the soil is in the middle. Therefore, Muju East dominates spring, fire dominates summer in the south, Jin Juxi dominates autumn, and water dominates winter in the north. " In White Tiger Yi Tong, Ban Gu even matched the five elements with the four beasts: "Zuo Qinglong (wood), right white tiger (gold), former Suzaku (fire), later Xuanwu (water), middle and later earth (earth)." Since the Western Han Dynasty, the thought of three cardinal guides and five permanent members has dominated China's ideological circle, and it has also been tenaciously manifested in geomantic omen. There is a saying in Feng Shui theory: "People have three cardinal guides and five permanents, and so does geography." The so-called "three cardinal guides" means that "pulse is the key to the rich and the poor"; Second, Tang Ming is the key to the good and evil of sand and water, and third, Shuikou is the key to prosperity and death. "The five permanent members are:" When you say a dragon, it must be true; Second, the point should be accurate; Third, sand, sand to show; Fourth, water, water should be filled; Five days, I want to be lucky. "
The emperor shunzhi (1644- 16 1 in office) personally selected the site of the Qing Dongling. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1652),1February, 14-year-old son of heaven Aisingiorro visited Fu Lin, JD.COM. He came to the foot of Changrui Mountain and looked south. It's like a blanket with a panoramic view. Looking to the north, the mountains are tidal and green. The sun is wide and the purple fog is hazy; The wind blows the sea tree, and the blue shadow is dense. It's really magnificent mountains and rivers and natural scenery. The emperor shunzhi's mind flashed, so he declared, "There are gorgeous kings all over this mountain, so you can live in the palace for me" (Draft of Qing Dynasty, volume 86). Say it and take it away. Throw it away, will? The landing site was designated as an auspicious point. Later, the Qing Dynasty really established the first mausoleum of the Qing Dongling here, which is the Xiaoling Mausoleum in the emperor shunzhi. Later, the good jade bird looked at Qiu Jing and said, "Although we were ordered to go all over the sea to get it, we couldn't get this auspicious land." The "poem chapter" in Changruishan Chronicle records that in March of the 23rd year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong paid tribute to Xiaoling's Five Laws, which proved that the location of Dongling was decided by the emperor shunzhi:
Pursuing the distance, worshiping God, being fierce and bandits, and being far away from meditation, I feel that there is a long separation between pine and cypress because of the bondage of secular politics, guarding the palace, missing the stars and offering gifts.
Note: Changrui Mountain is the home where my ancestors began to use no geomancy.
Yin house pays attention to geomantic omen, and the cemetery is mainly "dragon". The so-called "dragon" is a mountain range, which means that the ups and downs of the mountain are continuous. So, why did the Qing rulers choose this place? Because the choice of feng shui in the mausoleum is very important to the reproduction of the country and future generations, it will not be decided casually. First of all, the origin of Dongling Feng Shui is very magical. The Chronicle of Changrui Mountain, the most authoritative document of Dongling in Qing Dynasty, describes the Feng Shui of Dongling in this way: compliment Changrui Mountain, formerly known as Fengtai Mountain. Yifeng? Hey, Wan Ling? H ring. The north opens in the fog spirit, and the south column screens on the Yan wall. It is the source of thousands of miles of white; Phoenix dance and dragon dance, this is the symbol of the spiritual world for hundreds of millions of years. In the meantime, hundreds of rivers are winding around, and the situation is like a Sect. All the four sides are guarded, and all the people are guarded. It is a natural blessed land and the foundation of the emperor Qing Dynasty. First of all, the sai-jo emperor Zhang was stationed here, and his ministers stuck to the rules. Emperor Sheng Zuren's grand plan of succession. In February of the second year of Kangxi, Ding did not send an official to sacrifice, and named Fengtai Mountain as Fengtai Mountain. On the 11th, Xiaoling Mausoleum was built and Fengtai Mountain was renamed Changrui Mountain. Set up Manchu and Han officers and soldiers and surround the building for 30 miles. No firewood is allowed within the boundary, and then the construction will continue. The tomb system has been more strictly guarded and protected, which is conducive to the preparation of the surrounding areas. This passage clearly expresses the origin of Dongling Feng Shui. "The mountains and rivers are covered by fog spirits in the north and Yan walls in the south", which shows that the location of Feng Shui is Wuling Mountain, the main peak of Yanshan Mountains, and it comes from here. The cave is located in Changrui Mountain and originated from Yanshan Mountains. "It is the source of thousands of miles of white", and the Qing emperor believed that the Feng Shui of Dongling was rooted in Changbai Mountain thousands of miles away, expressing the wish of the Qing emperor to recognize his ancestors and return to the ancestral home.
In another important document of the Qing Dynasty, A General Examination of Qing Literature, it is recorded that there are other sources of Dongling Feng Shui: the mountains come from Taihang, the hills are piled high, the phoenix is long and flat, and there are hundreds of cragginess. In front is Venus Peak, behind is a watershed, surrounded by mountains. There are Nianyuguan and Malanyu on the left, Kuandianyu and Huanghuashan on the right. Thousands of rocks and valleys, back to the arch. It is the blessing of the country for hundreds of millions of years that the water around it meets in Longhuyu. Taihang Mountain, at the junction of Shanxi and Hebei provinces, runs from north to south, directly to the north of Hebei Province, meets the east-west Yanshan Mountains, and ends at Changrui Mountain.
From this point of view, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty thought that the feng shui of Dongling was really legendary. In the north, it was the birthplace of Changbai Mountain, winding like a dragon all the way, intersecting with the east-west Yanshan Mountain, which was connected with the north-south Taihang Mountain in the south. Yanshan Mountain and Taihang Mountain were like two dragons. Therefore, it is concluded that Changrui Mountain is the junction of Changbai Mountain, Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain, which contains beautiful flowers and dragons. It is a place that gathers the aura of the world, which can be said to be the highest in the United States and has natural scenery. Looking at the back of Dongling, we can see Changrui Mountain. "One peak hangs like a canopy, and Houlong Wuling Mountain comes out of Taihang Mountain." It seems that "the real dragon made a fortune", winding for dozens or even hundreds of miles, seems to show the long history and deep roots of the Great Qing Dynasty. Regarding the "Long Mai" in Dongling, when Zai Chun Mausoleum in Mu Zong was selected in Guangxu period, Li Tang and Li Zhenyu made a very detailed statement: "Long Mai in Dongling, from Wuling Mountain to Liu Liping, is divided into three branches, and the middle branch gathers Saturn, named Changrui Mountain, facing a big Venus."
Changrui Mountain is a magnificent back seat in the north of Qingling Mountain. To the east, eagles fly behind the mountains and geese fly deep into the mountains. "Beautiful peaks, like the Western Dynasties, just like Zuo Fu"; On the west side, the seam between Huanghuashan and the diamond is "a thousand clouds in peace, all in the east, just like the right wall", which forms a surrounding trend for the mausoleum. To the south, Xinglong Mouth is the mouth of the throat, and Yandun Mountain (called Wan Fushan) and Xiangshan Mountain are sandwiched between things and locked tightly together.
"Acupoint" is actually the core activity in the choice of yin house. Kanyu's family called the burial place a cave. The Book of Tibetan Scriptures says, "It takes three years to find dragons, and ten years to get acupoints." It can be seen that Feng Shui is cautious about acupoints. Xiaoling Mausoleum is the earliest imperial mausoleum in the eastern part of Qing Dynasty, and it is the place where Fu Lin settled the cave.
Chasing sand is also an important part of the tomb. "Sand, the mountains around the cave." All the left Qinglong sand, the right Baihu sand, the mountain near the front, the Chaoshan mountain in the distance, the Baoshan after the mausoleum and the front of the mountain belong to this genus. Water law is also very important in the site selection of tombs. "Water goes with the mountain, and the mountain boundary ends with water." Mountains and rivers are connected, and it seems more important to look at water than to find dragons. "Don't look at the mountains, look at the water first. Don't look for land if there are mountains and no water. " The ideal water potential surrounds the left and right, showing the state of upper opening and lower closing. In Dongling, there are Xihe River in the west and Malan River in the east, which originate from Ruohu Mountain and Hualinzi in Xinglong County respectively, interweaving left and right, adding infinite interest and vitality to the mausoleum area. When Yuling chose the site, it also mentioned that Shengshuiyu was "surrounded by sand and water" and Dingling Pingan Valley was "surrounded by mountains and water", so it was selected.
The whole Qing Mausoleum embodies the unity and harmony between man and nature everywhere. For each mausoleum, the dragon sand and tiger sand surround it with affection, the mountains are full of affection, and the mountains face the arch with affection. The sand at the mouth of the river makes the river meander and cherish the interior, which makes the Qing Dongling, an architectural group with solemn atmosphere everywhere, full of common human feelings. The strict patriarchal clan system in China's feudal system is also reflected in the sand protection mausoleum. Dragon, tiger, sand, bow to the ground, similar to the master-servant relationship of the later dragons, thus integrating the relationship between the emperor and the people, such as respect, dignity, master-slave, bow to the mountains and rivers, and reaching the ideal realm of harmony between man and nature.