1820 (twenty-five years of Jiaqing), Jiaqing Emperor, aged 6/kloc-0, died in chengde mountain resort on July 25th (7-9 pm). Because of the sudden incident, it was not until August 22 of the same year that Jiaqing Zigong, who had been dead for 27 days, arrived in the capital Qing Palace temporarily, and was buried in Changling Underground Palace on March 23 of the following year (the first year of Daoguang, 182 1 year). There are many legends about its 10,000-year-old Jidi, which is located in Taiping Island. The first place is Changling's unique site selection process. The uniqueness of Give Way for Three Years and Three Days stems from the unique relationship between Jiaqing himself and his father Gan Long. As we all know, Jiaqing, as the fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, has its own hot spots. He was the only emperor in history of qing dynasty who was enthroned by Zen Buddhism, and his father Gan Long became the only emperor in Qing Dynasty. From 1773 (thirty-eight years of Qianlong), he was established as the Crown Prince in the form of "secretly establishing the Crown Prince" on the eighth day of November, to the third day of September of 1795 (sixty years of Qianlong), and even the day when Yan Yong himself ascended the throne was set for his son in advance by Qianlong. In the second year (660 years of Qianlong), the portrait of Jiaqing should be said that Jiaqing's own qualifications were not among the prominent princes in Qianlong. From August 1723 17 (the first year of Yongzheng), the law of "secretly establishing a crown prince" created by Yongzheng became the system followed by later emperors, and the facts fully proved that this law was indeed effective. Later, Qianlong naturally imitated his father and carried forward this system. Traditionally, Qianlong had to choose an heir at the beginning of his succession, just like Yongzheng. In fact, he did choose his eldest son (the second son of the emperor) Yong Lian as his successor in 1736. Unfortunately, Yong Lian died early on 1738 (three years of Qianlong) 10/2, at the age of 9. Later, he wanted to set up his second son, Yong Cong, and before he could put it into action, Yong Cong died early on 1748 (December 29th, 12th year of Qianlong), at the age of 2. Later, Qianlong became interested in Yongqi, the fifth son of the emperor, but Yongqi also died young at the age of 26 on the eighth day of March in 1766 (the thirty-first year of Qianlong). When Yan Yong was appointed as the Crown Prince in 1773, Gan Long was already an old man in his 60s (63 years old). Although his spirit is still very strong, the matter of opening a shop can no longer be delayed than the system set by his father. Therefore, after repeated careful selection, Qianlong finally chose the fifteen sons of the emperor, Yan Yong, who was 14 years old, as the future heir. Qianlong stills 1796 (the first year of Jiaqing) On the first day of the first month, the only giving and receiving Zen ceremony in the Qing Dynasty was held in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City. The 86-year-old Qianlong personally handed the "treasure of the emperor", a symbol of the emperor's supreme power, to Yan Yong, then 37 years old, and started the Jiaqing era for 25 years. ? I respect my son's early health and diligence, but I dare not relax for a day. After the return to power, how can we ignore the major issues of military affairs and personnel administration? I still want to teach you personally. The heir emperor will listen to the instructions sooner or later, and I will know what I have learned in the future. I won't miss it. Although the opening of meditation in 1796 marked the arrival of Jiaqing era, in fact, before the third day of the first month of 1799 (the fourth year of Jiaqing), North Korea's power was firmly in its own hands. During this period, Qianlong became the emperor who was actually in charge of state affairs for the longest time in history, on the grounds that "we should still give advice to our relatives and listen to instructions day and night before we know what we will inherit in the future." Of course, if you think that Qianlong, who is already the emperor's father, is only in charge of state affairs, then you underestimate the strength of this "perfect old man". Although Jiaqing was not the best candidate for Qianlong, for various reasons, he finally passed the throne to Yan Yong. It is precisely because he is not at ease with this successor that he not only has to ask questions about everything in the political affairs of the DPRK, but also shows great concern for his son's future position. The unique position of auspicious land is based on the ancestral system since Kangxi. At the beginning of his succession, every emperor should put his future auspicious site on the agenda. Before Jiaqing, Yongzheng and Qianlong were all like this (Tailing in the fifth year of Yongzheng began to make imperial edicts in 1727, and Yuling in the third year of Qianlong began to make imperial edicts in 1738), so Jiaqing should also follow the ancestral system to choose the mausoleum site at the beginning of his succession, but in fact his auspicious site was really planned at the beginning of his succession, just. According to the convention (from the late Jin Dynasty), the location of the emperor's auspicious place should be decided by himself or by the successor emperor. However, due to the special relationship between Qianlong and Jiaqing at that time (the Emperor Taizong was alive and still in power), the location of Jiaqing's auspicious place was actually decided by Emperor Qianlong, which made Changling the only place in history of qing dynasty. The reason why Qianlong paid so much attention to this matter was naturally an indispensable reason for controlling the overall situation, but more importantly, it was to balance the number of burial places in eastern and western tombs. 165 1 year (the eighth year of Shunzhi) In December, the emperor shunzhi chose Changrui Mountain in Zunhua as the site of the royal mausoleum after entering the Qing Dynasty, which we later learned. Baogong in Shunzhi and Zigong in Kangxi were in June of 1663 (the second year of Kangxi) respectively. In the early years of Yongzheng, it was originally planned to choose Dongling as the mausoleum site, but Yongzheng, who was extremely strict with auspicious land, finally found the perfect place in his mind at the foot of Yongning Mountain in yi county after two years and nine months. After the emperor ascended the throne, he chose the land of Yongfu. In the first year of Qianlong, I visited Dabao, hoping to establish a forever blessed land near Tailing. Because I think the imperial examination mausoleum is in the west, it has been located in Kyrgyzstan for thousands of years, and it is very close to the imperial examination. Ten thousand years later, my children and grandchildren also wanted to be closer to grandpa. They all chose Ji Jingxi, but they were far away from Xiaoling and Jingling on the East Road, which was not enough to show filial piety and apply for love. So I built a Millennium holy water valley in Dongling. If my heirs and grandchildren choose to build in the east because of my auspicious land, it is not like a continuation if they are separated from Tailing Mountain. The emperor's successor should be chosen at the border of Xiling for many years. According to this purpose, the yamen was respectfully chosen to be built near the Tailing Mausoleum. When Sun Ren inherited the whole concept, his auspicious place should be built in Dongling boundary. After Yongzheng built the Tailing Mausoleum, two royal cemeteries with the capital as the center appeared in the Qing Dynasty, but Yongzheng did not expect that this brought a century-long problem to his successor. In the early years of Qianlong, it was necessary to choose the mausoleum site as soon as possible, but it was faced with the problem of whether the mausoleum site should be Dongling or Xiling. From 1738 (the third year of Qianlong), Qianlong ordered the back office, Wang Hai and others to visit Donggezhuang in Miyun County, and Jiu Feng chao yang shan and Huojiazhuang of Zunhua also thought about a selection near Tailing during their father Yongzheng's reign. But on second thought, if it was built in the name of "the son was buried with his father", as the later emperors followed suit, it would inevitably lead to Dongling's only two mausoleums, Xiaoling Mausoleum and Jingling Mausoleum, which would be lonely and deserted, which would also make Qianlong "not enough to show filial piety and declare his feelings". So after careful consideration, he finally chose the location of Yuling in Shui Sheng Valley, Dongling in the west of Xiaoling, and Kangxi with his grandfather in the east of Xiaoling. I worship, celebrate the melon delay, accept it, and divide things into the order of Zhao Mu, which is connected by one vein, so as not to pass it back. Besides, Zunhua and Yizhou are rich in mountains and rivers, among which there are many auspicious places, so there is no need to do it elsewhere, and it is a good law for all generations. My children and grandchildren should only follow my instructions, trace back to the source, celebrate and celebrate the jubilee for hundreds of thousands of years, and inherit each other. This is my infinite blessing. After the site selection of his mausoleum, Qianlong also made regulations on how to bury the emperor in the future for the sake of the overall situation. After decades of thinking, on the day of 1797 (December 22, the first year of Jiaqing), Qianlong made a special edict as the emperor's father. On the grounds that "if the heirs and grandchildren choose to build in the east because of my blessing, they will be separated from Tailing Mountain and will not be connected", they will be ordered to inherit and obey Zhao Mu's order. In the name of the emperor's father, Qianlong was thoughtless about Zhao Mu's imperial edict. Moreover, in this imperial edict, in order to implement Zhao Mu's system, Jiaqing was directly pointed out as the successor emperor and the scope of the future generations of emperors. The heir emperor will choose his auspicious land in Xiling boundary within ten thousand years, and his auspicious land will be built in Dongling boundary when my grandson takes over the whole line. It can be seen from Jiaqing's frequent saying that "Yizhou Taipingyu is an auspicious place given to me by the emperor" that Qianlong's statement that "the father is the son of Dingling" is true. When many waters descend the mountain, everyone comes to the hall, that is, the so-called four-dimensional harmony and octupole unity have become the weather for countries to come to the DPRK. You Keqing, the river in front of Shouxing Mountain runs from south to north, especially towards the DPRK. Fu Cha Antarctic is the location of Shouxing, and this side of Xiushui enters the DPRK, which is called Changshou Water by artists. Based on this inference, Taipingyu plans to make a long-term auspicious place for endless celebrations. I led members and others to respect the surroundings for a few days, and then stressed that according to the opinions of members and others, they are all the same and harmonious with drawings and stickers. I will also write a list of titles of people who are familiar with Feng Shui and painting, and I am willing to play. According to Records of Renzong in Qing Dynasty and Historical Draft of Renzong in Qing Dynasty, the land of Jiaqing in ten thousand years, 1796, was chosen as Fu Changan (nephew of Fu Heng, the first-class brave man, filial piety of Emperor Qianlong), minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Jin Bu (official). On the seventh day of March in the second year of Jiaqing, Taipinggu, one kilometer west of Tailing, was selected as the best place in Kyrgyzstan on the grounds that "the hall is round and correct, which proves that the four dimensions are the same, the eight poles are unified, and the world belongs to the DPRK", and it was unanimously recognized by Qianlong and Jiaqing. By May of the same year, Taipingyu had begun to lay grey lines, and it took less than a year from the imperial edict to the determination of the tomb site, which shows that the efficiency at that time was still very high. The unique site selection of Changling renovation is the establishment of Jidi engineering maintenance lineup. From1May, 797 (the second year of Jiaqing) to1September, 800 (the fifth year of Jiaqing), Jiaqing Emperor has set up or changed the contract line-up of Taiping Island project five times, among which there are many people we are familiar with: Fan Yiheng, the minister of household affairs, Feng Lecha, the minister of ritual affairs,1May, 2, 797. At the same time, in Jidi, Niu Luyou, Xiao Shenyang (a famous minister in Qianlong Dynasty) and Fu Changan, a minister of the household department, were appointed as supervisors; 1799 (4th year of Jiaqing) May14th, 72-year-old Niu Luyou Chengde was replaced by right assistant Jiang Lan. 1800 (the fifth year of Jiaqing), on April 22nd, Tara Zhu Sheng, a third-class male happiness (the younger brother of Emperor Jiaqing), was appointed as the interior minister of Xiling, and at the same time, the Minister of Household Affairs was appointed as the successor minister. In September of the same year, Wang Chengpei (the son of Prince Wang Youdun) and Fan Jianfeng, the general of Hangzhou, were appointed as ministers for undertaking repairs. A total of 13 people participated in the construction of the tomb of Taipinggu, which is enough to show that Jiaqing attached importance to this auspicious place. Jiaqing Taiping Jidi's building lineup statistics allow it to be built as usual. Its underground palace shines more brightly than Shui Gu. In the future, a monument building will be built to the north of Qikong Bridge, and all the regulations for tickets, imperial palace and ticket pool will be built according to Tailing style. What's more, Xiao Shenyang, then a university student of Wenhua Temple and minister of military aircraft, presented the design patterns and hot samples of Taipingyu on September 1797 (the second year of Jiaqing) 16, and Jiaqing gave the general answer that "it is allowed to be built as usual", but then he gave the answer that the underground palace was built according to Tailing style, and all the regulations outside the ticket were built according to Tailing style. Three years later, Jiaqing once again reiterated the construction purpose of "taking the Tailing Mausoleum from outside and the Yuling Mausoleum from inside". The so-called "everything outside the ticket" or "external style" obviously refers to all buildings that can be directly seen above the ground, while the internal style refers to the whole underground palace. In short, in the planning of Emperor Jiaqing, the ground buildings of his eternal land should be modeled after the Tailing Mausoleum and the underground buildings should be modeled after the Yuling Mausoleum. As for why this unique mausoleum regulation was chosen, it is mainly influenced by the following aspects. The layout of Tailing Mausoleum is the first and the background is superior-the new Piling Mausoleum in Yongzheng and the Zhaomu system in Qianlong. As mentioned earlier, Yongzheng chose Yongning Mountain in yi county as an auspicious place, which is equivalent to building a mausoleum outside Zunhua, which is both a breakthrough and an innovation. However, faced with the problem of how to choose a suitable location, Qianlong finally chose Dongling as the location, and took the Zhao Mu system, which has been passed down for thousands of years, as the reference standard for the burial place of later emperors. According to this standard, Jiaqing's auspicious place was chosen in Taipinggu, located in Xiling. Jiaqing, as the second imperial tomb of Xiling, has a unique and favorable reference condition: you can refer to the third mausoleum of Dongling Xiaojingyu or you can refer to it. Second, the striking advantages-an overview of the provisions and status of Tailing and Yuling. As the first imperial mausoleum in Qing Dynasty, Tailing is both the first mausoleum and the main mausoleum. In its regulation, except for other non-mausoleum (main mausoleum) regulations, Tailing, like Xiaoling Mausoleum in Dongling, has stone archway, Dahongmen, display hall and other buildings. Yuling, located in Shengshuiyu, Dongling, is not the same as Xiaoling, the main mausoleum, in terms of regulation, but it is even worse than Tailing in Xiling in terms of ground construction. Take the stone students on both sides of Lu Shen Road as an example. As the main mausoleum, Tailing has only five pairs (lions, elephants, horses, civil servants and generals), while Yuling, which is not the first mausoleum, has as many as eight pairs (lions, elephants, horses, civil servants and generals, camels and unicorns). Moreover, there are many Buddhist scriptures in the underground palace of Yuling, and the ground is paved with blue and white stones. In contrast, there are no Buddhist scriptures in the Tailing underground palace, which is only paved with bricks, which is much inferior. There are eight pairs of stone statues in the Qianlong Imperial Tomb, mostly camel unicorn and sister-in-law. Third, the multidimensional thinking behind Jiaqing's ingenuity. On the premise of background advantages and eye-catching advantages, Jiaqing envies the grandeur of his grandfather Yongzheng Yuling as a whole and yearns for his father's underground palace and ground buildings in Qianlong Yuling. But envy is envy. It is very important to be clear-headed at this time, and Jiaqing obviously did it. He is located in Jidi, Taiping Valley, only two miles away from the mausoleum of the emperor's ancestors, but it is not the first mausoleum of Xiling. If we simply follow the ground rules of the father of Yuling, it will obviously surpass Tailing (eight pairs of stone statues and three one-hole jade belt arch bridges), which not only violates the ancestral system, but will also be labeled as "disrespectful and unfilial". If the underground palace is simply modeled after the Tailing Mausoleum, it is far from Yuling, which is not what Jiaqing expected. After having a bird's-eye view of Tailing during Yongzheng period, Jiaqing finally came up with a plan to kill two birds with one stone, that is, to reverse the above ideas and imitate Tailing on the ground, which not only showed respect for Tailing in Tongling area, but also left a good reputation of respecting ancestors and loving relatives in front of the world. The underground palace, modeled after the Yuling Mausoleum, obviously surpassed the mausoleum of the emperor's ancestors, but because it was underground, the mausoleum was under strict protection at that time, even if it surpassed the system, there was no need to worry. More importantly, it can realize Jiaqing's own dream, which is really a brilliant move. Shi Haijun said: Although Jiaqing is not the first choice for Qianlong to inherit the common thread, judging from his practice of standardizing the construction inside and outside Kyrgyzstan for thousands of years, Jiaqing has its own advantages in fulfilling his long-cherished wish while following the ancestral system. So, is the unique regulation of Jiaqing Changling his whim or foresight? Here, it is very clear. Both his extensive knowledge of the regulations of the two tombs and his multi-dimensional consideration of the laws of his ancestors can reflect his good intentions. It is through years of foresight that Jiaqing can come up with the best policy of both internal and external training. Of course, although the glazed flower gate of Changling was built on the ground in imitation of Tailing, in order to distinguish it from the main mausoleum, the external building of Changqing Changling was preserved. For example, the seven-hole arch bridge in Tailing was changed to the five-hole arch bridge in Changling, the Long 'en Hall in Tailing was paved with bricks, and Changling was only made of stone. From all these, we can see that Jiaqing, regarded by the world as "mediocre in qualification", also has a good observation and thoughtful side, which is indeed worthy of our future generations' affirmation. References:
Mausoleum Zhiyi, Chronicle of Ten Years in Changrui Mountain, Qianlong Imperial edict, Jiaqing Daoguang Imperial edict, Records of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty, Records of Emperor Renzong of Qing Dynasty, Zhao Erxun's Draft of Qing History, Biography of Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty and Biography of Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.