Wuliangdian appeared at the end of 14 and became popular at 16. Its plane is mostly rectangular, and the load-bearing structure often adopts tube arch; Or single arch, or small arches on both sides of large arch, longitudinal masonry method is adopted. There are more than 10 beamless temples in China, including Linggu Temple in Nanjing, Jiangsu (see photo), Longchang Temple in Baohuashan, Jurong County, Kaiyuan Temple in Suzhou, Xiantong Temple in Wutai Mountain, Taiyuan Shuangta Temple, Huangshi Pavilion in Beijing, Zhai Palace in Tiantan and Wisdom Sea in Summer Palace. In the early Ming dynasty, buildings with beamless halls used thick external walls to offset the horizontal thrust generated by tubular arches. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, thick-walled columns were changed into thick-walled columns, such as the above-mentioned beamless halls such as Kaiyuan Temple and Shuangta Temple, which made remarkable progress in structure, function and cost saving. At that time, some buildings appeared in the development of some beamless halls.
In the process of development, the buildings of Wuliangdian are more and more influenced by wooden buildings, mainly in the imitation of appearance and detail decoration. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the external wall of the beamless hall was flat and simple, but after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, each bay was built with a semi-circular pilaster, decorated with details such as imitation wood forehead and brick carving.
The appearance of the beamless hall is related to its fire prevention, firmness and durability. For example, the Forbidden City in Beijing is the Beam-less Hall where royal archives is stored. In addition, it is also related to the following factors: the improvement of brick-making technology, the increase of output, the decrease of brick price, and the improvement of coupon-issuing technology to build arch coupons with a span of more than 10 meter.
Beam-less hall refers to a large building with 3-7 connected arches and doors and windows with holes in the side walls, which is mostly used in palaces and temples. In addition, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, brick arch houses prevailed in central Shanxi. The arch body is perpendicular to the front of the building, and each room has an arch, and 3 ~ 5 arches are juxtaposed as a row of houses. There are doors and windows in front, a wooden eaves gallery, and a flat roof or a partially tiled roof at the top, which is called a brick hole. It was a large number of tubular arch buildings built at that time.
The arch coupon structure gave the ancient Roman architecture a brand-new artistic image. The first is to give it a new modeling factor: the ticket hole. This primitive arc shape coefficient is quite different from the square shape coefficient of ancient Greek beam-column structure. However, she skillfully combined the square column factors to form a continuous ticket and ticket column with rich composition and strong adaptability, from a single-span Arc de Triomphe to a large-scale arena with 240 ticket holes.