1. Pay attention to common sense in floor plans
Pay attention to common sense in floor plans 1. What should be paid attention to in hand-drawn floor plans
Compared with computer-drawn floor plans, it is the principle of floor drawing that should be followed .
When drawing, you should first grasp the theme of drawing, and secondly, pay attention to the proportion issue when drawing. Line thickness can be used to distinguish different places with different linear expressions, and different colors can also be used to distinguish them. Places that need to be highlighted in the node diagram should be marked and explained in detail.
When drawing such a diagram, just like when we write an essay, we can draw an outline first and then refine the internal content. Plane and elevation are inseparable.
The places that need explanation must be marked on the plane, and then the corresponding detailed elevation drawings should be drawn. If you are tight due to time constraints, if you need to explain the details in detail, you can simply explain them in words. When explaining the plan to the customer, it is enough to follow these words and explain! These are some of my experiences when I was doing design. I hope it will be helpful to you.
2. What should primary school students pay attention to when reading floor plans?
The man upstairs is too perverted. He is a primary school graduate. Do you want to murder him?
For primary school students to understand floor plans, I think they should start with the simplest floor plan. Parents can give guidance like this: If you live in a bungalow, you can simply draw a hand-drawn picture of the houses around your home. , pay attention to mark the direction, and then take your child out for a walk. When you get home, ask him to point out your house. Repeat this. If you live in a building, then you should show the floor plan of your house when you bought the house ( The kind that is relatively simple and clear at a glance without data labels), you still need to figure out the direction first, mark it on the drawing (similar to whose bedroom this is), and let the children find it by themselves. I often guide the children to look at the pictures in this way. I believe he will understand it gradually.
Of course, for regular floor plans, pay attention to the following points: first, the north needle, second, the plane size, third, the graphic label, and fourth, the linear label!
3. What should primary school students pay attention to when reading floor plans?
The person upstairs is too perverted. He is a primary school graduate. Do you want to murder him? For primary school students to understand floor plans, I think they should start with the simplest floor plan. Parents can give guidance like this: If you live in a bungalow, you can simply hand-draw a picture of the houses around your home, mark the directions, and then Take your child out for a walk, and when you get home, ask him to point out your house. Repeat this process. If you live in a building, then show the floor plan of your house when you bought the house (the kind that is relatively simple, without any details). (The data is clearly marked)), you still need to figure out the direction first, mark it on the drawing (similar to whose bedroom this is), and let the child find it by himself. If you often guide the child to look at the picture like this, I believe he will understand it slowly. .
Of course, for regular floor plans, pay attention to the following points: first, the north arrow, second, plane dimensions, third, graphic labeling, and fourth, linear labeling.
4. Basic knowledge and key points for reading drawings on the construction site
1. Be familiar with the functional drawings of the proposed project. After obtaining the functional drawings, first understand what the function of the project is, whether it is a workshop or a Office building? Is it a shopping mall or a dormitory? After understanding the functions, think about some basic dimensions and decorations. For example, the floor of the toilet is usually covered with floor tiles and block wall skirts. The floor elevation of the toilet and balcony floor is usually a few centimeters lower. The size of the workshop must meet the needs of production, especially the equipment. Installation needs etc.
Finally, read the construction instructions and become familiar with the project decoration situation. 2. Familiarize yourself with and review the plan dimensions of the project. Construction plans generally have three dimensions. The first dimension is the detail dimension, the second dimension is the inter-axis dimension, and the third dimension is the overall dimension.
Check whether the sum of the first dimensions is equal to the second dimension, whether the sum of the second dimensions is equal to the third dimension, and pay attention to whether the edge axis is the center line of the wall, Guangdong Province The drawing convention is that the edge axis is the outer edge of the exterior wall.
To read the dimensions of the project plan, first read the construction plan, then read the construction plan of the current floor, and finally read the water, electricity, air conditioning installation, equipment technology, and second decoration construction drawings to check whether they are consistent.
After getting familiar with the floor dimensions, check whether it meets the usage requirements, such as checking whether the room layout is convenient for use, whether the lighting and ventilation are good, etc. When reading the floor plan dimensions of the next floor, check for any inconsistencies with the previous floor.
3. Familiarize yourself with and review the project facade dimensions. Construction engineering drawings generally include front elevations, section elevations, and stair sections. These drawings contain information on project facade dimensions; construction plans, On the construction plan, the elevation of the current floor is generally marked; in the beam table, the elevation of the beam surface is generally indicated; in the basic drawings and other detailed drawings, the elevations are also generally indicated. Through these construction drawings, the elevation dimensions of the project can be grasped.
There are generally three dimensions in the front elevation. The first dimension is the detailed dimensions such as the height of the window sill and doors and windows. The second dimension is the floor height dimension and is marked with the elevation. The third dimension is the total height. The inspection method is the same as the inspection of each dimension of the plane. Whether the sum of the first dimension is equal to the second dimension, and whether the sum of the second dimension is equal to the third dimension.
Check whether the elevation of each floor in the elevation is the same as the construction plan, and then check whether the elevation of the construction is consistent with the construction elevation. The elevation of each floor in the Jianshi drawing and the corresponding floor elevation in the Jieshi drawing should not be exactly the same, because the floor elevation of the floor in the Jianshi drawing is the elevation after the completion of the project, while the floor elevation in the Jieshi drawing is only the structural surface elevation, excluding decoration. The height of the floor plan, the elevation of the Jian Shi map on the same floor should be a few centimeters higher than the elevation of the Jie Shi map.
This point needs special attention, because some construction drawings mark the construction icons high on the corresponding construction drawings. If you don't pay attention, errors will occur during the construction. After getting familiar with the elevation, mainly check whether the top elevation of doors and windows is consistent with the elevation of the beam bottom on the previous floor; check whether the horizontal size and elevation of the stair steps are wrong, check whether the vertical clearance size under the ladder beam is greater than 2.1 meters, and whether there is When a terrace appears on the middle floor, check whether the terrace elevation is lower than indoors; check whether the floor of the toilet and bathroom floor is a few centimeters lower; if not, check whether there are anti-overflow measures; finally, check with water, electricity, air conditioning installation, equipment technology, and second Combined with the decoration construction drawings, check whether the building height meets functional needs.
4. Check the error-prone areas in the construction drawings for errors. After familiarizing yourself with the dimensions of the construction project, check the error-prone areas in the construction drawings for errors. The main inspection contents are as follows: 1. Check the parapet concrete. Whether the slope of the top is facing inward. 2. Check whether there are beams under the brick wall.
3. Whether the beams in the structural plane have all the reinforcements marked in the beam table. 4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than the height of the secondary beam.
5. When the spans of beams, slabs and columns are the same or similar, are there any large differences in reinforcement? If so, they need to be checked. 6. When beams and shear walls are arranged in the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.
7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column edge respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel to or coincident with the axis, and check whether the beam width protrudes outside the wall or column. If so, the design should be submitted deal with. 8. Check whether the minimum spacing of the stress-bearing steel bars of the beam meets the requirements of the construction acceptance specification. When ribbed threaded steel bars are used in the project, since workers use ribless surfaces for bending during steel bar processing, the diameter of the steel bars should be the original value. The diameter of the steel bar plus the rib thickness is about 21mm.
9. Check whether there is an awning on the indoor door to the terrace, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door on the Jianshi drawing. 10. Are there any differences between the design requirements and the construction acceptance specifications?
As often stated in the column table: less than 4 column bars on each side can be overlapped in the same section. However, the construction acceptance specifications require that the overlap area of ??steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50.
11. Check whether there are any contradictions between the structural description and the content in the structural plan, layout, beam and column tables, and the construction description.
12. A single foundation is stressed in two directions. The stress-bearing steel bars along the short side are generally placed on top of the long-side stress steel bars. Check whether the steel bars are drawn incorrectly in the foundation drawing of the construction drawing.
5. Review the original construction drawings for improvements. Provide suggestions for improvements to the original construction drawings mainly from three aspects: conducive to the construction of the project, conducive to ensuring the construction quality, and conducive to the aesthetics of the project. 1. Suggestions on improving the construction drawings from the perspective of being beneficial to the construction of the project ① On the structural plane, there will be a situation where the adjacent spans of continuous frame beams are large. When the negative bending moment bars of the intermediate supports are anchored separately, the steel bars at the beam-column joints will be too dense. , it is difficult to ram concrete, you can suggest to the designer: the negative reinforcement can be connected as much as possible.
② When the negative reinforcement of the support is the full length, the steel bars on the beam surface with a small span beam width will be too dense and cannot be tamped with concrete. It is recommended to try as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam. Keep the beam width of each span consistent, and only adjust the beam height to facilitate gluten connection and pouring of concrete. ③When the structural shape is complex and it is difficult to complete the construction of a certain part of the structure at one time, ask the designer how to retain the concrete construction joints.
④ After the terrace surface elevation is lowered, if there is a beam in the middle of the terrace and this beam is connected to the interior, please design and handle whether the beam's stress reinforcement is bent at the lowered place or anchored separately. 2. Put forward opinions on modifying the construction drawings from the aspects that are beneficial to the quality of the construction project.
① When the ceiling plastering and wall plastering are designed to be the same 1:1:6 mixed mortar, it is recommended to change the ceiling plastering to a 1:1:4 mixed mortar to increase the adhesion. . ②.
5. What precautions should be taken when making construction site plans?
1. Be familiar with various design materials of the project
When making construction site plans, you must first Carefully read the design information related to this project (especially the general construction plan), read the topographic map of the project, understand all the supporting facilities in the surrounding areas of the project, and even know the project planning of the area where the project is located.
2. Inspect the actual construction site
After getting familiar with the information, you should conduct an on-site inspection. The information may not be the latest, so you can only conduct an on-site inspection in person to understand the surrounding environment and traffic environment of the project. Only by understanding the entrance and exit of temporary water and electricity and the location of the gate of the fence can we ensure the accuracy and rationality of the construction site plan.
3. Combined with the construction plan and construction progress
The construction site plan, like the construction plan and construction progress, is a part of the construction organization design, so when making the construction site plan It must be combined with the construction plan and construction progress, and the construction site should be reasonably arranged according to the content in the construction plan and construction progress.
4. Properly arrange material processing plants and material placement areas
Engineering construction will consume a large amount of materials, such as steel bars, cement, stones and sand. Therefore, when arranging the construction site plan, the material placement area and processing area should be reasonably arranged according to the actual situation. Materials such as cement, gravel and sand need to be put together and placed close to the mixer. Such a location can make it easier for workers to make mortar or concrete.
5. Reasonably arrange the location of the tower crane
As a mechanical lifting equipment, the tower crane plays a very important role in engineering construction (especially during the construction of the main structure). Generally, the location of the tower crane should be reflected in the construction plan, so at this time, you must fully consider where the tower crane should be placed, so that the tower crane can cover the entire floor as much as possible, so as to reduce the secondary work of workers as much as possible. Transportation, increase work efficiency.
6. Reasonably arrange the location of construction elevators
In actual construction, in addition to tower cranes, derricks (material hoists) are generally used for vertical transportation in multi-story buildings. High-rise buildings Construction elevators (passenger and freight elevators) are generally used, and are generally used during the secondary structure wall building or decoration stage painting.
Therefore, when arranging the floor plan of the construction site, the location of the construction elevator must also be reasonably arranged. It is generally set in the middle of the house, and it must be close to the mixer, so that workers can transport materials up and down.
7. Properly arrange temporary construction roads
Temporary construction roads should also be reflected in the construction site plan. Nowadays, generally standardized construction sites will have hardened roads. Therefore, the direction of the construction road should be marked on the plan plan, and the material transportation distance in the construction site should be shortened as much as possible according to the actual situation, so as to maximize the use of workers' working time and reduce the secondary transportation distance.
8. The work area and the living area should be separated
In the floor plan, the location of the living area should also be determined. It should be noted that the work area and the living area must be separated. Come, because the construction site is a bit dangerous. If the two are not separated, danger will arise, such as falling objects from high altitude and other external factors.
6. What should you pay attention to when designing the floor plan of a bedroom?
Of course, you should have the basics of painting. Otherwise, your sense of space will be very poor, specifically 3D perspective, ergonomics, home decoration budget, Feng Shui, material science, and related software, such as cad, 3dS max, ls or vray, ps, etc. The details are as follows Yes.
1. The complete design includes the following contents:
1. General description of the design; 2. General floor plan (large apartments and villas must have sub-areas or floor plans for each bedroom); 3 .Elevation views and cross-sections of each part; 4. Large node diagram; 5. Fixed furniture production drawing; 6. Electrical plan; 7. Electrical system diagram; 8. Water supply and drainage plan (involving the renovation part); 9. Top view ;10. Architectural elevation (villa); 11. List of decoration materials.
2. Flat design drawings
The flat design drawings include the bottom plane design drawing and the top plane design drawing. The floor plan should have wall and column positioning dimensions and exact proportions. No matter how the drawing is scaled, its absolute area remains unchanged. After having the interior floor plan, the designer can design the interior floor plan based on different room layouts. Designers generally ask customers for their ideas before decorating.
Bedrooms generally have wardrobes, beds, dressing tables, bedside tables and other furniture; living rooms are furnished with sofas, TV cabinets, low cabinets, and possibly some potted plants; low cabinets and wall cabinets are indispensable in the kitchen; Household appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines will also be placed; in the bathroom, there are three major items: a toilet, bathtub, and washbasin; in the study, a desk and bookcase are essential. If you are a computer enthusiast, there will also be an additional computer desk.
You can buy furniture for your home or entrust a designer to design it. If the shape of the room is not very good, custom-made furniture according to the design will achieve better results.
There are three parts to the floor plan. The first part indicates the indoor structure and size, including the building size, headroom size, door and window positions and dimensions of the room; the second part indicates the specific shape and size of the structural decoration, including decoration. The location within the structure, the relationship between the decorative structure and the building structure, the specific shape and size of the decorative surface, the material specifications and process requirements must be indicated on the drawing; the third part indicates the location of indoor furniture, equipment and facilities and their decoration The size relationship of the layout indicates the specifications and requirements of the furniture.
3. Design renderings
Design renderings are based on graphic design and show the results of decoration in perspective. Through the display of renderings, home decoration homeowners can clearly understand how the room will look after the decoration activities are completed. It is an important basis for home decoration homeowners to make final decisions about decoration. Therefore, it is an important document in decoration design. There are two kinds of decorative renderings: black and color. Because the color renderings can truly and intuitively express the color of each decorative surface, it also plays an important role in material selection and construction. However, it should be pointed out that the renderings show the decoration effect, which is difficult to fully achieve in actual construction due to limitations of materials and processes. Therefore, it is reasonable and normal that there is a certain gap between the actual decoration effect and the renderings.
4. Design construction drawings
Construction drawings are the basis for decoration to be carried out, and provide specific guidance for the construction of each type of work and process. Construction drawings convey the structural requirements, material composition, and construction process and technical requirements to the construction personnel in the form of drawings, so that the project can be organized and completed accurately and smoothly.
Construction drawings include elevations, sections and node drawings.
The construction elevation is an orthographic projection of the indoor walls and decorations. It indicates the indoor elevation, the size of the ceiling decoration and the relative size of the stepped shapes, the style, materials and location of the wall decoration. Dimensions, height dimensions of walls and doors, windows, and partitions, connection methods between walls, ceiling, and floor, etc.
A cross-section is a cut through the decorative surface to express the structure, form of materials, and the relationship between the main supporting components. The cross-section diagram is marked with detailed dimensions, process practices and construction requirements.
A node diagram is the intersection point of two or more decorative surfaces, cut vertically or horizontally to indicate the docking and fixing methods between the decorative surfaces. The node diagram should show the structure of the decorative surface connection in detail, with detailed dimensions and construction methods for closing and edge sealing.
Note: (I also refer to others)