First, listening to the rain through the banana window-the architectural art of sound in gardens
The acoustic environment in gardens can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the sound of nature: wind, water, rain, thunder, insects, birds and apes; One is the artificial sound from the world: piano sound, flute sound, whistle sound, bell sound, paddle sound, reading sound, human voice and cock crow. Zuo Si in the Western Jin Dynasty said in the Invitation Poem: "It is not necessarily silk and bamboo, but the mountains and rivers have a clear sound. What is waiting for the song, the bush mourns itself. " It can be seen that artificial sounds such as the sound of silk and bamboo and the song of whistling are far less touching than natural sounds such as the sound of mountains and rivers and the sound of shrubs. Juck Zhang thought: "Listen to the sound of birds in spring, cicadas in summer, insects in autumn, snow in winter, chess in the daytime, flute in the moonlight, pine in the mountains and water." [1] 1 1 No matter what kind of sound, there are different situations.
(A) since ancient times, the wind has entered the cold pine sound
With its ancient and vigorous posture and evergreen appearance, pine trees are deeply loved by people, especially literati and painters, and occupy an important position as an independent theme in Chinese poetry and landscape painting. After the Five Dynasties, according to the beauty of a gentleman's virtue, pine trees were endowed with the character and character of not being afraid of cold, perseverance, high spirits and standing proudly on the ice and snow, and were called "three friends in cold years" with bamboo and plum, which widely appeared in garden life. "Since ancient times, the wind has blown the cold pine forest", whether the wind blows through the depths of the pine forest or the pine needles in the court, whether the waves are rustling or the wind is fine, it conveys a profound elegance, which has become another aesthetic feature of pine trees, so "listening to the wind" has become an elegant move of literati. "Southern History" contains "Tao Hongjing, the prime minister in the mountains, loves pine wind, and his courtyard is planted with pine trees. Every time he hears its voice, he enjoys it. "The pine tree is more or less quiet. Ma Lin's Listening to the Pine Wind in the Southern Song Dynasty depicts a state of forgetting myself while listening to nature. If you don't have a quiet and leisurely attitude and get rid of vulgarity and elegance, it is difficult to capture the subtlety of the wind blowing in the treetops. Therefore, the breeze brings people the artistic conception of "people are idle with osmanthus fragrance, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty". Even the breeze still gives people the feeling that everything is silent. This is the so-called artistic conception construction method of "seeking quietness in quietness is better than seeking quietness in motion" and seeking quietness in motion in landscape architecture [2]. The pine wind in the summer resort, the pine wind water pavilion in Humble Administrator's Garden, the pine wind listening place and the pine wind pavilion in Yiyuan are all landscapes created by pine trees. Ten thousand mu of pine forest, one or two pine trees, even if there is no wind, it is easy for people to enter meditation like entering the wilderness and whistling in the mountains. In an instant, they seem to have become masters of the world, temporarily forgetting all kinds of joys and sorrows in the world. As a cultural heritage, pine and breeze have been deposited in people's consciousness.
(2) Leave the residual lotus to listen to the rain.
What accumulates like this is the artistic conception of the rain. Even if it didn't rain, the lotus pond stood for a long time, and today's sadness will inevitably evoke memories of summer makeup. Unconsciously, my thoughts have drifted away, and there is a rustling sound knocking at my heart, and there is also a kind of synaesthesia in my ear. This is the sound of rain. People who love lotus always love to keep that pool of dry lotus, so that they can enjoy the cold rain on autumn nights and indulge their worries. The "Night Rain in the Golden Pool" in Tokyo Imperial Garden is a famous landscape where people in the Northern Song Dynasty listen to the rain and beat lotus leaves. In private gardens, there are also many scenes such as listening to the romance of the pavilion, reciting poems such as "Autumn frost, flying late, leaving residual lotus to listen to the rain". Whether it is the lingering lotus in leisure or the lingering lotus in autumn rain, the application of sound in gardens has extended the aesthetic value of lotus for another season. In the garden, there are phoenix trees, plantains and bamboo leaves. The banana window listens to the rain, which is most suitable for deep courtyard. There are incense and orchid flowers, which convey a delicate charm and a touch of leisure. The sound of rain scattering phoenix trees and falling leaves always makes people unconsciously associate with Peacock Flying Southeast, so it conveys the despair of parting and sad hatred, which is most likely to cause lovesickness. As for bamboo leaves, the ultimate sorrow is nothing more than the autumn window storm of Sister Lin: I feel that the autumn window is boundless, how can the wind and rain help desolation! This is the legend of acoustic environment created by Master Cao. There is also a natural sound-underwater sound, which is the most abundant and expressive sound in the garden. The roar of waterfalls, the rumble of tides, the gurgling of streams, the gurgling of springs, the tinkling of rocky streams ... or like an occasional whisper, or like a Ma Benteng, or like a crevice, or like a lingering whisper, all underwater sounds in nature can be gathered together to hold a grand symphony. This is undoubtedly another great spiritual wealth endowed by nature to gardens. While Panasonic listened to the piano, the flute under the moon, the midnight bell and the chess during the day, [1] what 79 people enjoyed came from the wealth created by human beings themselves.
(3) Looking for bosom friends in the mountains and flowing water.
Guqin has long been endowed with rich and profound cultural connotations. Its beautiful, harmonious, light and elegant musical character embodies the lofty and detached attitude of Feng Ling, a scholar, and has always been regarded as the only way for literati to cultivate their self-cultivation. Because its charm is ethereal, quiet and elegant, to achieve the artistic conception of the piano, it is necessary to have a quiet and elegant environment and a peaceful and leisurely heart. There is no doubt that hermits in the mountains are the most suitable. But this is not the realm that everyone can reach, so the next best thing is that piano playing activities are widely placed in gardens. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi, a great poet, took playing the piano as one of the important contents of the garden when he was managing the Lvdaofang Garden in Luoyang. I wrote in "Preface to Pond": "Every time I go to Pond Spring, Pond Autumn, the water blooms, and the evening is full of green cranes, brushing, raising old wine, playing the harp and playing the piano. I don't know the rest. After drinking the piano, the musicians were ordered to board the Nakajima Pavilion and play the "Three Prefaces of Nishang" together. The sound drifted with the wind, condensed or dispersed, melodious on the occasion of bamboo smoke waves. Before the song was finished, Lotte Taoran was drunk and slept on the stone. " [3] 6 Wang Wei in "Wangchuan Bieye" also has "relying on dense bamboo, I play the piano and hum songs". This situation became more common in the Song Dynasty. There is a piano stand in Xu Wenchang's "Music Garden", and Song Huizong's "Listening to the Qin" is a scene where bureaucrats and nobles listen to the Qin. The sound of the piano is quaint and distant, which can match the environment: secluded mountains, streams, pine forests and strange rocks. These natural elements with infinite ancient meanings are combined together, and people who play and listen to the piano are integrated into them. They are picturesque and poetic, and they are washed away and dispersed by the sounds of streams, pine breeze and guqin. This situation has already surpassed the realm of poetry and painting, and thinking is the perfect integration of the great beauty of heaven and earth and the great beauty of people. Xiao, who also has a long history, has a mellow and soft timbre, a long, quiet and lyrical tune, sad but not hurt, and resentful but not angry. It is most suitable for a person to sing solo in the dim, clear and indifferent moonlight, just like a person who completely opens his heart in the depths of nature and slowly tells his anguish and thoughts. There is a saying in "Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything": "Women (you) listen to the voice of people but not the voice of the earth, and women (you) listen to the voice of the earth but not the voice of nature." The sound of the flute is also the sound of nature, which shows that the beauty of the flute is comparable to the sound of nature.
(4) The midnight bell rings for the passenger ship.
Bell, originally a musical instrument for gathering people in temples, has a strong penetrating power because of its powerful and resonant voice. Fiona Fang has heard its voice dozens of miles away, and people around it have learned more about it, so the bell has been deeply integrated into people's lives. On the Mid-Autumn Moon Night, the "Guo Xiang Frost Bell" in the capital Tokyo is melodious and crisp. Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge not only made Hanshan Temple famous through the ages, but also closely linked the midnight bell with first frost. Nanping Night Bell, one of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake, is also the earliest and most famous one among the ten scenic spots, and its scenery is also caused by temples. Zhang Dai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised: "The night sky is south, and the breeze is as thin as paper; Bells ring from above and cross the river at night. "Its wonderful environment not only attracted a large number of pilgrims, but also attracted a large number of literati to practice in seclusion, so Jingci Temple and his bell also entered the poetry and calligraphy of literati and poets. In addition to the sound of the garden, there are willow waves smelling warblers, listening to warblers, listening to the sound of buildings, going to paddle, planting willows to invite cicadas, listening to cicadas, green grass ponds, listening to frogs, blooming in spring, listening to insects, whistling in streams, reading in autumn windows, singing in the mountains and crowing in the countryside. The architectural art of garden sound is an architectural art that goes directly to the soul and needs to be understood with the soul.
Second, the moon is boundless-the architectural art of celestial phenomena in gardens
If you go to Mount Tai, you will see a cliff stone carving on the north side of Wanxianlou, which reads the word "Insect II". The same two words will also appear in the Hu Xin Pavilion in Hangzhou West Lake. Such a strange title will certainly arouse great interest. If you can't figure out its meaning, you might as well look up at the scenery first. Perhaps the infinite scenery in front of us will tell people the answer-yes, the answer is "boundless moon". Virtual scenery, also called romantic scenery in ancient times, can be said to be an unavoidable theme in garden literature. Whether you are sad or depressed, you are sad or afraid. Almost all emotions in the world can be conveyed through romantic feelings. According to the different borrowing objects, the creation of virtual scenes can be roughly divided into two categories: one is borrowing astronomy, such as the sun, the moon and the stars, the alternation of morning and evening, and the change of seasons. Second, with the help of meteorology, various meteorological landscapes, such as wind, rain, clouds, fog, snow, chardonnay, rainbow, smoke, shadows, incense and so on. , are included in the garden appreciation. Among the ten scenic spots of the West Lake, there are seven scenic spots with seasonal characteristics, such as Su Causeway Xiao Chun, Quyuan Fenghe, Pinghu Qiuyue, Broken Bridge Canxue, Leifeng Sunset, Shuangfeng Tea Rhyme and Santan Yue Ying, while the eight scenic spots in Bianliang are full of spring, iron tower clouds, golden pool night rain, Qiao Zhou Yue Ming and Liangyuan Xue Ji.
(1) Moonlit Night on Bridge 24
Distant mountains, near water, Chinese caterpillar fungus, wild heron, blue sky, walking clouds, bright moon, sunset, lotus fragrance, cold plum in the snow and shadows in the window can all be brought into the park, creating an endless romantic landscape. Although "people are born infatuated with love, and this hatred has nothing to do with romantic love", the initiator and maintainer of feelings are often romantic love. Among them, the moon is the easiest to sigh and cause endless thoughts. People come and go, just like the full moon in the sky. This common natural phenomenon was often used by the ancients to symbolize the joys and sorrows of the world. The moon, deeply engraved with the brand of home, is easy to make people feel homesick and sad. The deeper the night, the brighter the moon, and the moment when all is silent, the human mind can best blend with the universe and taste sincere feelings and profound philosophy. Especially in the Mid-Autumn Festival, the weather is crisp and the climate is slightly cool. Suitable weather makes the moon in Mid-Autumn Festival particularly round and bright, and also enriches people's emotional mobilization. Mid-Autumn Festival is a reunion festival, which flourished in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. According to "Dream of Tokyo", "On the Mid-Autumn Festival night, your family dressed up as a pavilion, and people competed for restaurants to play the moon. It's buzzing, close to the residents in the inner courtyard. At night, it's like going outside. Children play at night. As for the night market, as for familiarity. " [4] 174 Many gardens have integrated the wonderful element of the moon into the landscape. Su Shunqin mentioned the bamboo scenery of Canglang Pavilion, and the most beautiful time was that "light and shadow meet between pavilions, especially when there is a romantic moon". Sima Guang's Lonely Paradise doesn't ignore the beautiful scenery of "When will the bright moon come, Xu Lai will be breezy", which costs nothing. There is a "romantic platform" by the stream, a "stage" in Shuibei Hushi Garden, and a "wind comes from the moon" in Suzhou Wangshiyuan. [3] 21,26, 42, 50 and the best place to enjoy the moon in the world is Yangzhou. The Wu Ting Bridge on the Slender West Lake in Yangzhou has fifteen arches. There is a record in Yangzhou Painting Boat Record: "When the breeze is full, each cave has the right to January. The golden ripples are indescribable. " When the bright moon is in the sky, there is a full moon in the sky and fifteen full moons in the water. The scenery is wonderful. Therefore, it has the reputation of "there is a moonlit night in the world and there are hooligans in Yangzhou". Du Mu's poem "There is water in the green hills, and the vegetation in the south of the Yangtze River is withered in autumn. On the moonlit night of the 24th Bridge, where can jade people teach to play the flute? " It is the memory of the bright moon in Yangzhou.
(2) Curtain shadow
Shadows in gardens can be divided into two types, one is the projection of objects reflected on the ground after receiving light, and the other is the reflection in water, both of which belong to virtual scenes. Su Shi has a poem "Flower Shadow": "I am on the Yao stage, and I can't sweep it away after several calls. It was just cleaned up by the sun, but it taught the moon to send it to the future. " This is the artistic conception created by shadows. The shadows of flowers and trees fell on the ground and white walls. At this time, the wall is no longer a wall, paper, shadow and painting. The swaying flowers and trees and mottled shadows have produced a series of freehand landscape paintings, but the difference is that this painting will quietly grow and change with the passage of time, just like life, bringing endless imagination, expectation and surprise, which is another wonderful work endowed by nature to gardens. There was a poet named Zhang Xian in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was very sensitive to shadows. He once wrote three shadow poems, such as Cloud Breaking the Moon, Curtain Rolling Shadow, and Light Falling Without Shadow, which vividly described the artistic conception of "shadow" and was called "Zhang Sanying" by people at that time. In fact, it is not only Zhang Xian who put "shadow" into poetry. Wang Anshi, a contemporary poet, wrote the poem "The shadow of the moon moves and the column withers". Chen's poem "Apricot Flowers Scatter, Flute Blows Until Dawn" vividly shows people a poetic picture. Xu Shen's poem "Boring to shoot birds and breaking a curtain of flowers" is a kind of laziness and idleness in the courtyard. This kind of self-pity of literati makes the "shadow" inevitably have the meaning of literati, and the gardens with bamboo shadows rolling windows and flowers moving to the wall have the artistic conception of literati gardens. As for the reflection in the water, there is a poem in Wang Duo that says, "A butterfly is flowing on the waves, and a mandarin duck is bathing at the top of the tree." The scenery on the shore is reflected in the water, interwoven with the scenery in the water to form a new world, with the magic and interest of "there are clouds in the sky and people are walking in the clouds". Reflection not only expands the garden space, enriches the landscape and level of the garden, but also makes the garden full of joy of discovery and endless reverie. There are countless landscapes in the garden that win by Shui Ying. There are two places in the Humble Administrator's Garden, one is the inverted photo studio, and the other is the Taying Pavilion. The tower shadow pavilion takes the meaning of "flowing along the source, making the tower shadow cool in the courtyard" in the Tang Dynasty. The pavilion was built in the middle of the pool, and its shadow was reflected in the water like a tower shadow, hence the name. The Taying Garden in Shantang Street, Suzhou has a clever garden management. It just borrowed the reflection of Tiger Hill outside the garden with the help of a pool. There is no tower in the garden, but it is really unique to name it after it.
(3) Xiang Xue Wei Yun is a family asset.
Cloud has a free and elegant personality. A wild crane life like "I will walk until the water stops me, and then sit and watch the rising clouds" is not only the pursuit of hermits and Taoists, but also the ideal of most people. Therefore, cloud is also one of the widely borrowed elements in gardens. In the last month alone, there were more than ten scenic spots named "Cloud", such as Cross Cloud Pavilion, Foothill Cloud Pavilion, Nest Cloud Pavilion, Yunlang Pavilion, Yunxiuxuan, Nie Yuntai, Langfanyuntang, Liu Yunshi, Cloud Watching, Cloud Paichong Dou, Ruiyun Nest Phoenix, etc. Song Huizong really built Genyue into a fairyland on earth. Aroma is also an excellent medium to stimulate poetry. Fragrant-scented gardens are full of Zen, which can make people calm down from impetuousness, feel relaxed and happy, and have distant thoughts, so "fragrance" is also the favorite of literati gardens. Blue grass in spring, wind lotus in summer, cinnamon in autumn and cold plum in winter, all year round. There are also many scenic spots named after incense in the garden, such as Jingxiang Pavilion in Yanshan Garden of Mi Fei, Tianque Fragrance in Hou Yuan of Lin 'an, Fragrance in Deshou Palace, Snow Fragrance in Ji Fang Garden, Evening Fragrance in South Garden of Zhao Xiang and Hantuozhou, etc. Today, the scenic spots named after incense in Suzhou classical gardens include Miao Wenxiang Room and Qing Xiang Pavilion in Canglang Pavilion, Wenmuxiang Pavilion in Lingering Garden, Lotus Champs in Yiyuan Garden, Yuanxiangtang and Xiang Xue Weiyun Pavilion in Humble Administrator's Garden. [5] 305, 365, 438+04, 587-607, with the romantic scenery of astronomy and meteorology as the background, add infinite imagination space for landscape architecture, and together with rocks, water bodies, plants and buildings, form a complete landscape architecture. Suzhou Huqiu Lengxiang Pavilion's couplet "There is a bell in plum blossom fragrance, and there is a tower shadow in pond light", and Lin Bu Yongmei's famous sentence "The shadow is horizontal and oblique, the water is shallow, and the dark fragrance floats at dusk on the moon" vividly embodies the characteristics of the integration of virtual fragrance, sound, light, shadow, moon and real water, real trees and real buildings. Regarding the cool breeze and bright moon, Su Shi wrote in "Thousand Red Cliffs Fu": "Between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner; If it's not mine, it's a dime. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are empty to the ear and beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible, they are the endless hiding place of the creator, and they are also the place where my son and I eat. " Just as Li Bai also said that "the breeze and bright moon don't cost a penny", Bai Juyi was even more unique: "The new yard is a secluded place in Chi Pan. Both Modao and Modao have empty houses, and Lin Quan's romance is a family property. [5] "Not only do you not spend money, but you also regard romance as your own wealth-spiritual wealth, of course.
Third, tea and Zen blindly-the architectural art of combining humanistic activities with natural scenery in gardens
China is the hometown of tea, and the custom of drinking tea has existed since ancient times. Especially in the Song Dynasty, there were two sayings: "Seven treasures of literati: Chyi Chin's paintings and poems, wine and tea" and "Seven things to open the door: rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar tea". Tea is not only popular among literati, but also integrated into the daily life of ordinary people, so it is not surprising that many teahouses appear in the riverside scene in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
(A) Tea conforms to the spirit of the three religions
The colorful and magnificent tea culture in China is the result of the mutual penetration and comprehensive action of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and tea. Tea has a deep relationship with Buddhism. Tea not only has the effects of refreshing, relieving difficulties and helping digestion, but also can make people calm down and abstain from abstinence, which is beneficial to practice. Therefore, the wind of drinking tea first prevailed in Buddhism, and then spread to the people by monks and pilgrims. Temples are also scenic spots for growing tea. As the saying goes, "There are many famous monks in the world", so temples and teas have an indissoluble bond. Many famous teas come from temples, such as Putuo Buddha Tea, Jianshe Tea and Tuoshan Tea. The relationship between tea and Zen goes far beyond material relations. The core of the relationship between tea and Zen lies in the similarity and communication of their spiritual connotations, that is, the so-called "tea Zen blindly." Regarding the spirit of tea, Song Huizong said in "Preface to Daguan Tea": "If tea is a thing, it is good at the delicacy of the people, and the spirit of Zhongshan River is big, clear and harmonious, which is beyond the knowledge of mediocre teenagers, while the middle is quiet and clean, with high and quiet rhyme." It's best to get it when you don't have it "Purity, harmony, elegance, purity, height, rhyme and quietness" are regarded as the spiritual realm of tea tasting and the moral ethics that gentlemen should pursue. Tea drinkers hope to integrate themselves with mountains, rivers, nature and the universe by drinking tea, and seek a beautiful realm and spiritual sublimation in drinking tea, which itself contains the beauty of Zen. It is precisely because of the spiritual connection between tea and Zen that Jiao Ran monks can integrate the two: "Drinking it will make you sleepy and clear-headed;" "Drink my god again, and suddenly it is like flying rain and sprinkling light dust; After three drinks, you will get the Tao. Why bother? " Fan Zhongyan also wrote a poem, "Fighting tea tastes weak and fighting tea smells fragrant." It seems that drinking tea is really enlightening. Drinking tea can also get enlightenment. There is a saying in the Book of Tea that tea ceremony, Zen and tea are linked together, which raises tea drinking from the level of daily life to the spiritual level. [7] 80 1-8 17 Confucianism pays attention to "courtesy with tea", "respecting people with tea" and "aiming at Kaya with tea", all of which can be classified as "tea is feasible", and the highest realm of tea ceremony is "harmony", which can finally be attributed to Confucian ethics-based "neutralization" or "harmony" thought. "Cold night guests come to tea for wine, and the bamboo stove soup is boiling at the beginning of the fire. As usual, there are plum blossoms in front of the window, and there are plum blossoms before the month. " This is a famous tea poem in history, which not only describes the artistic beauty of drinking tea, but also has greater value in writing the etiquette and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. The quiet and natural nature of tea culture is completely consistent with Taoist quietism and natural thought, and seclusion is also the driving force to promote the development of tea affairs. Lu Tong's Song of Drinking Tea: "One bowl moistens the throat, two bowls are lonely. Three bowls of heartbroken, only five thousand volumes of words. Four bowls of sweat, life is not smooth, scattered to the pores. Five bowls of bones and muscles are clear, and six bowls are immortal. I can't eat seven bowls, but I feel the wind blowing under my arm. Penglai Mountain, where is it? Yuchuanzi wants to take this breeze to go home. " Show the beauty of drinking tea to the fullest. The artistic conception of seven bowls of tea is in-depth layer by layer. Five or six bowls would be great. If you want to become immortal, drinking tea is equivalent to practicing Buddhism.
(2) Tea meets literati in the garden.
China tea culture contains the essence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to the greatest extent, so it contains religious realm, moral realm, architectural art realm and life realm, so its artistic conception is also the richest. The tea culture advocated by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism cannot be regarded as a real culture without the participation of literati. As an elegant architectural art activity, drinking tea is bound to attract some attention under the influence of slightly sour literati culture. For example, the tea culture in Song Dynasty pays attention to "three points" and "three points". Only when the tea is good, the water is good, the utensils are good, the people are good and the environment is good can we order and taste tea, and even the appreciation of the beautiful environment has become a very important part of tea culture. So, what kind of environment is best for drinking tea? In the middle Tang Dynasty, Qian Qi once attended a tea party with Zhao Ju. He said, "Under the bamboo, I forgot to say anything about purple tea, and all the guests were drunk. The dust is hard to wash, and the shadows of the trees are oblique. " This poem depicts a picture of sipping tea naturally, while Du Fu is drinking tea on the platform of a friend's house on a spring evening. Poetry came quietly, and he wrote it on a plane tree leaf. Jade birds sing on the clothes truss from time to time, and dragonflies take a nap on the fishing line in the lake. The years are quiet. I hope this moment can be condensed into eternity. This is a warm picture of tea tasting. The hermit Gao Ye's Talented Light lives next to the nymphs. "Wash the inkstone fish and swallow the ink, and avoid smoking when making tea." It describes the scene of drinking tea in the garden, and it is a picture of drinking tea in a secluded place. In the Ming Dynasty, Ding's "Yuchuan Boiling Tea Map" was based on Lu Tong's "Writing a Pen, Xie Meng and Giving New Tea", which is a new tea in the Spring Garden. Wen Zhiming's "Huishan Tea Party" depicts the scene of visiting Wuxi Huishan with friends, drinking tea and reciting poems. Elegant environment, elegant activities and elegant poets make the picture convey a strong poetic and natural interest. It is not difficult to find out from many poems, paintings and calligraphy that tea activities are always carried out in an indifferent, quiet, elegant and natural environment. This is the characteristic of literati gardens in Song Dynasty, and the realm of literati gardens is undoubtedly consistent with the spirit and natural attributes of tea, which is "clear, harmonious, quiet and elegant". Therefore, fighting, distributing and tasting tea has become a very important part of scholar-officials' garden activities, and the artistic conception of tea has also become the artistic conception of the garden. However, in the gardens of China, it is difficult to find the tea fields, tea rooms and other buildings dedicated to tea ceremony activities or the garden space dedicated to drinking tea in Japanese gardens, which is probably the embodiment of the spirit of tea Zen. Zen pays attention to "being in the realm but not in the realm", "seeing the heart and seeing the nature" and "epiphany" rather than sticking to the form. Bai Juyi's Flowers in the Monastery: "It is a Buddhist thing to realize the emptiness of color, so flowers are planted in the monastery. Looking closely at Hua Zhuoyan, it is convenient for the wind to open wisdom. " This is the understanding of this practice. Tea ceremony also inherits this spirit-why do you need a special tea room and tea court, but you can get the same realm of tea in a thatched cottage, a grass pavilion, a Panasonic, a flower bank and a stream? Even if you are in a busy city, as long as you are calm, tea is fragrant. The so-called artistic conception cares about "realm" and "meaning". If you practice to a certain height, you can "get carried away". However, in the architectural art of contemporary gardens, people seem to exaggerate the ecological and use functions of green space, say that they have improved the environment and provided space for use, flaunt new materials and technologies, but lack the taste of literati and culture. In the era of rapid economic development, people in a hurry need some such space to slow down or stop and take care of their souls and hearts. The creation of these spaces is called artistic conception, and people can learn from the ancients.
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