cultivation techniques
decrease
Pruning of cherries is mainly carried out in the growing period in principle. However, due to the actual production situation, sometimes pruning is not in place during the growing period, and pruning adjustment is needed before germination in spring. Pruning before germination should try not to move big branches, reduce wounds, prevent glue from flowing, and loosen over-dense branches and competitive branches. Pruning is generally required to end before March 10. Pruning principles of fruit trees in different periods are as follows:
65438+ The opening angle of main branches is 60-70 degrees, and the opening angle of side branches is 70-80 degrees. When pulling branches, pull them into a line, not an arch. Bud carving is usually carried out before bud germination in early March, in order to promote the lateral branches on the main branches.
2. When the trees are 4-7 years old at the first fruit-bearing stage, it is necessary to adjust the tree structure and pay attention to cultivating fruiting branches on the main branches. First, the main branches that are too low and too dense are gradually thinned out so that the main branches do not affect each other; The second is to properly retract without branching and promote branching. Third, the weak lateral branches are retracted or shortened to rejuvenate, which can alleviate the excessive opening angle and promote flowering.
3. Adjust the tree structure to improve the scenic conditions in the crown of the tree during the full fruit period. Redundant erect branches, over-dense branches, overlapping branches and cross branches sprouting in the crown are resolutely thinned out, and the spacing between layers is widened to avoid disturbing the tree shape and consuming nutrition. If the height of the tree is too high, fall down in time and control the crown height with weak branches.
Guo Hua management
Flower and fruit management is a necessary technology to improve the quality of cherry fruit. But in practice, it is not only the management of flowering and early fruit picking, but also pruning measures, fertilizer and water regulation and so on.
1. Spraying "Dayun-Whole Tree Fruit"1500-2,000 times 1-2 times before and after the initial flowering stage of cherry can fully promote the normal development and elongation of pollen buds and pollen tubes, significantly improve the fruit setting rate, help pollination and fertilization, and reduce the shedding of flowers and fruits.
2. Spraying "Dayun-Quanshuguo" for 2000 times during the expansion period of young cherry fruits can reduce the shedding of cherry stems, prevent the shedding of fruit stems and reduce the secondary physiological fruit dropping, and at the same time fully promote the synchronous division and elongation of cells, make the fruit stems stout and elongate, accelerate the uniform growth of fruits, promote the synthesis and transformation of fruit sugar, and obviously increase the selling price.
3. In the early stage of fruit coloring, measures such as picking leaves, spreading reflective film and so on were taken before harvest 10- 15 days to promote fruit coloring, and calcium salt was sprayed before harvest (spraying 0.3% calcium chloride solution continuously three times every other week before harvest can reduce the cracking of big cherries and prolong the shelf life). Prevent frost damage