Sizhou was the state of Xu in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Xu was destroyed by the State of Wu to which it belonged. After the downfall of Wu, Xu returned to Yue. During the Warring States Period, after Chu destroyed Yue, Xu belonged to Chu. Qinshui County, surabaya county after the founding of the People's Republic of China. When Chu and Han contended, Xu belonged to Western Chu. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, Xu Xian belonged to Chu, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he belonged to Pei County, Jiangsu Province. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangwu was merged into the East China Sea (now Tancheng, Shandong Province), followed by Linhuai County and now lin huai zhen, Sihong County. In the fifteenth year of Han Yongping (AD 72), it was changed to Xiapizhou, which belonged to Pizhou (Pizhou, Jiangsu after the founding of the People's Republic of China). When the Three Kingdoms were near the Huaihe River, they also belonged to the skin. Pi is Jinxia County, Linhuai County is in Xuyi, and Huainan and Linhuai County are in Xuyi. After the Wei Dynasty, Xu Jun decided to south Xuzhou, Liang changed to east Xuzhou, Chen changed to Anzhou, and Zhou changed to Sizhou. Since then, Sizhou has been named. Sui Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty changed Sizhou to a procedural county, which belonged to Pixian County and was later renamed Sizhou. By the early Tang Dynasty, Sizhou had jurisdiction over six counties: Henan Road, Linhuai, Lianshui, Procedural, Xiapi, Suqian and Hongxian (now Sixian). During the Five Dynasties, Sizhou was occupied by the Southern Tang Dynasty, and it is still occupied by Zhou Shizong. In the second year of Song Dynasty (96 1), the abandoned county was returned to Xuyi, Chuzhou, and in the first year of Gande (963), it was returned to Zhao Xin, Haozhou. Taiping rejuvenating the country for three years (978), cut Lianshui County, Linhuai County, Zhao Xin County and Xuyi County, and governed Sizhou and Huainan Road. In the third year of Jian 'an (1006), Jingdezhen moved from Linhuai County to Xu Chengyi. Since then, Linhuai County is not a county. In the fifth year of Song Dynasty (1072), Xining belonged to Huainan East Road. Shaoxing cut gold in the eleventh year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 14 1), and it is still a historical place in Sizhou. It belongs to Nanjing Road and governs five counties: Hongxian, Linhuai, Lingbi and Suining. In the twenty-seventh year (1290), Xuyi and Tianchanglai belonged to Henan Province. During the period of Mindfulness, Yangzhou set Huainan as a province and changed to a state official. Ge is located in a city near Huai county, and the state capital is close to the people. In the Ming Dynasty, Sizhou belonged to Fengyang County, which governed Xuyi and Tianchang. In the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1724), Sizhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture, which belonged to Wuhelai, governed Xuyi, Wuhe and Tianchang counties, and belonged to Fengyang Prefecture.
According to the Records of Sizhou, "Sizhou is at the southernmost tip of the state, facing Changhuai Mountain, and the city originated in the Song Dynasty. The old East and West Cities were all made of earth, and in the early Ming Dynasty they were all made of bricks and stones, and they became one. Among them, Zhou Jiuli has thirty steps, twenty feet high and five feet wide. " There are five gates in the city, namely Huilong Bridge at the East Gate, Yongning Bridge at the West Gate and Yueyang Tower at the South Gate, which are magnificent. There is a fragrant flower gate between the south gate and the west gate, and the north gate is called Chaoque Building. All the gates of Sizhou City are closed, the west gate is Jingangdu, and the north gate is iron pane. In terms of flood control, there are 6 Yuecheng and 6 Yuecheng gates outside the city. Yuecheng Gate is like a double door. If there is a flood outside the city, the gate will be blocked first, and pedestrians will enter and exit from the levee. This form of ancient city is rare in China.
Although Sizhou City is low-lying, it is known as Zexiang Water Town. However, due to the developed land and water transportation, it is the throat of the Central Plains and the crossroads between the north and the south, and its political, economic, cultural and military status is very important. In the Tang Dynasty, imperial grain arrived here, and ships with thousands of troops broke down here. At that time, there was a poem praising: "The official guests were full, and the cars and horses stopped suddenly."
At that time, Sizhou City not only had developed land and water transportation and prosperous economy, but also had ten scenic spots in Sizhou, namely, the floating beam practicing shadow, circling midnight, the Huaihe River floating smoke, the towering Xushan, the Yuwangtai small moon, the Lingruita morning light, the spring night in Shicuitang, the autumn wind in Jiantai, the winding Jiugang Mountain and the endless river belt. There is King Zhao Temple, which was one of the five famous temples in China at that time. Its main building, the Sangha Pagoda, is 300 feet high, and its shadow is projected into the water, which is very spectacular. Ouyang Xiu called her a charming scenery: "The sky is blue, the bamboo forest is quiet, and the flowers bloom in warm days." Su Dongpo praised her: "a trickle, jade Qing is at leisure, looking at the long bridge, the lights are chaotic." "In the Ming Dynasty, Sizhou was full of boats, shops, merchants and wine flags. The politics, economy and culture of Sizhou City have reached the peak.
In addition to the unique geographical conditions, there is another important reason for the unprecedented prosperity of Sizhou City, and that is the construction of the Ming Zuling. After Zhu Yuanzhang laid the foundation stone, Zhu Jiazu's tomb was found in the north of Sizhou 13. Thus, the first mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Zuling, was built. Zhu Yuanzhang buried his great grandfather, his clothes and his bones here. The prestige of the Ming Zuling brought unprecedented prosperity to Sizhou City, but it also brought hidden dangers. Finally, as a prosperous area, this historic city was destroyed in the 19th year of Kangxi (1680). Submerged at the bottom of Hongze Lake by the surging waves of the Yellow River, it is the "forever giant salamander cave". Become the second Pompeii in the world. Therefore, the myth that the jellyfish goddess wants to ship has been circulated among the people so far.
Myth belongs to myth. In fact, there are two reasons for the sinking of Sizhou City: First, the Yellow River moved south and could not reach Qingkou directly. Coupled with the flash floods in Kangxi 19, the lower reaches of the Huaihe River were silted up and the river was several feet higher than the levee. Rita is a mainstay in the water and then sinks; Second, Pan Jixun, a water control expert in Ming Dynasty, adopted the policy of storing clear water, brushing the Yellow River and facilitating transportation. He built dikes on both sides of the Yellow River to block breaches and control water and sand. At the same time, Gaojiayan (Hongze Lake levee) was built, forcing the Huaihe River into the Yellow River to attack sand. He overhauled the Taihang levee on the north bank of the Yellow River and built the levee on the south bank of the Yellow River, extending the levees on both sides of the Yellow River to Huaiyin. After this large-scale regulation, the Yellow River has temporarily stabilized. However, due to the continuous siltation of the riverbed, the number of crevasses on both sides of the Yellow River has increased. In the twenty-third year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1596~ 16 19), the Yellow River burst 18 times, almost every year. During the Ming Dynasty, the Huaihe River basin changed, except that the main stream of the Yellow River shifted from south to east, the Huaihe River was seized by Xuzhou, and the disaster areas moved to Jiangsu and Shandong. In addition, the Hongze Lake levee was built, and a dam was built on the levee to divide the Huaihe River into the sea. In the thirty-second year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1604), a canal was dug between Weishan Lake and Roman Lake to avoid the danger of Yellow River shipping. This canal is now part of Hanzhuang Canal. Although it temporarily brought peace and tranquility to the Yellow River, it artificially raised the water level. After Pan Jixun was dismissed from office, the court sent a special patrol to Sizhou to control water. Shaogong dike built by Shaobi and brick dike protecting Ming Zuling brought temporary peace, but its end doomed Sizhou City to be submerged. According to the survey, during the 19th to 21st years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (159 1- 1593), Sizhou was flooded for three consecutive years, and the flood rolled down the city. Fish swam across the city, boats sailed through the treetops, and countless people died. In the Qing dynasty, foreign rulers only knew how to build dams to stop water, but did not think about flood control, and finally directed the tragedy of the sinking of this historic city.
After the city fell, the state capital moved to the northern foot of Xushan Mountain and Honghuai Lake. Until 97 years later, forty-two years after Qianlong (1777), "Governor Gong Min, in order to control Huai Lake, it is inconvenient to control it. I saw a rainbow recently. Please cut it out and return it to Sisi. Territory and civil taxes are Si, and cities are states. ┄┄ Please ask for it. " The state moved from Xushan to Yuhong (now Sixian), and still governs Xuyi, Tianchang and Wuhe counties. It is time. The county was reduced to Hongxiang. The Records of Fengyang Prefecture states that Xinsizhou is bounded by Pingshan in the north, Changhuai Mountain in the south, Chonggang Arch in the east, Lingbi in the west, Panlong and Zhushan in the left, Luming Literature and Yinling in the right, and Xuhuai Portal, Yanzhou and Yuzhuan in the right. Although vilen is flat and open, with concentrated feng shui and natural prosperity and brightness, it is also a metropolis in the southeast. "
Sizhou, which was cut, was abandoned as Sixian in April of the first year of the Republic of China and directly under Anhui Province. By 1949, Sixian had a home in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province. 1955, Xuyi County was also transferred from Anhui Province to Jiangsu Province.
According to He Zhi of Sihong, there are ten scenic spots in ancient Sizhou, which are old but not new. There are eight scenic spots in Sizhou, namely: sunset rain in Hongshan, spring scenery in Yangcheng, sunset light in Pingshan, jathyapple in Yinling, Baipulian wind, flying snow in Panlong, willow in Suidi and blue waves in Bianshui.
1. Sunset rain in Chishan: Chishan is 70 miles northeast of the state, winding thousands of feet, red earth and stone. In the drizzle, the rainbow drops green, like a dragon and a phoenix dance. The ancients wrote in a poem about Chiyou: "There is faint grass in the clouds, so you should learn from your superiors to collect roses. Go to Taoyuan to run water and welcome the bright moon with a stick. "
2. Spring in Yangcheng: Yangcheng Lake is located 40 miles west of the state. It is said that this is an old rule in Gu Hong, which has lasted for a long time. According to legend, this tower is often regarded as a mirage in the fog. Every spring, the lake is full of fragrant grass, wild flowers, deer chasing sheep, rabbits jumping birds and octagonal glass wells, which makes the scenery more charming. As evidenced by poetry, the poet Gong once said, "Be integrated with blue and return to Shajixuan in spring." Herons are hidden, kites are under clear water. If you swallow the fragrant mud, the fish will scare the green algae. Since then, Chenopodium album, Xiang Jie Qing Mark.
3. Photo of Pingshan Night Scene: Pingshan is located 20 miles north of the state, surrounded by green trees, hence the name. This mountain is like a sleeping tiger, also known as Crouching Tiger Mountain. Beautiful stones come out of the mountains. Legend has it that there are huge white stones on the hillside. At sunset, Yin Hui can be seen everywhere. You can see it from the north gate upstairs. The ancients called it a miracle.
4. jathyapple, Yinling Mountain: Yinling Mountain is 50 miles west of the state. Although the mountain is not big, it is famous in history books and has a long-standing reputation. It is said that "Yin Ling Mountain is extremely high, and it is difficult for birds to walk". This mountain is where King Ba of Chu lost his way. In the past, when the mountain road was circuitous and the moon was high, it was still quiet and charming. Ye Zhishu, a scholar in A Min, intoned: "In the east of a small village at the northern foot of Yinling Mountain, there is an old saying called' I am fascinated by this. Today I am on the battlefield, and the ancient trees in the sun are the habitat of crows. "Yuji's Tomb, the northern Shaanxi monument, has a name couplet on the tombstone: worrying about the country and the people, the beauty has been so poor since ancient times; It was dusk in Ji 'an, and now she has become a green grave. There is also a poem "Mermaid": Chu Ci rises to the clouds, and in the night, people shake clothes and dance to wipe Longquan, fighting for blood. Gu Xiang's silent military situation has changed, like a snow knife. Peach blossoms fall in the east wind, flowers are the source of fragrant grass, and tears are red.
5. Baipu Lotus Wind: In Baijia Lake, 50 miles north of the state, lotus flowers have a unique fragrance when they are in full bloom. The lake is full of lotus flowers, white and green, with elegant scenery. Ancient literati often went boating on the lake, reciting poems and painting.
6. Panlong Snow: Panlong Mountain, commonly known as Laoshan Mountain, is 30 miles north of the state. Layers of rocks spiral upward, like dragons, in rows. The Empire State Building built on the mountain is particularly spectacular against the background of white snow. The ancients called it Panlong Snow.
7. Ada, Sui Dynasty: Sui Dynasty, that is, Bianshui, that is, Tongji Canal, also known as Sui and Tang Canal. Built in 605 AD, the Li Qian levee is shaded by willows, covering the sky like a green ocean. In spring, peach blossoms and apricot blossoms bloom in the forest, birds contend and bees fly in the flying saucer. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, lamented Liu Yun in Sui Shu. "in the new year, he is the son of heaven, planted with water-. In Daye Spring and February, the willow color is like smoke and snow, with the Yellow River in the west and the Huaihe River in the east, with a green shadow of 1,300 miles. "
8. Bianshui Qingbo: Tang Shiyun: "Bianshui infinite spring water flows eastward, and the Sui Palace Que has become dust. Pedestrians don't look at long beach, the wind is blowing. During the Sui Dynasty, Yang Di wanted to visit Qionghua in Yangzhou, mobilize millions of civilian workers and dig Tongji Canal. This river is more than a thousand miles long, passing through Suzhou and Lingbi and through Sizhou. Especially in Qingyang town, the water is wide and deep, and the flying bridge is like Changhong. Looking down from the bridge, I saw the blue waves of Bianshui, crystal clear. Fish are swimming in light green water, and white sails are shining. At sunset, Fish Song replied. Therefore, there is a saying that there are clear waves in the water. "
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