1. What are the ancient texts expressing etiquette?
The ancient texts expressing etiquette are as follows: 1. "Rituals".
One of the Thirteen Classics of Confucianism. It is a compilation of rituals from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in China.
***Seventeen articles. The content records various etiquettes such as crowns, weddings, funerals, sacrifices, townships, archery, court, and employment in the Zhou Dynasty, mainly recording the etiquette of scholar-bureaucrats.
2. "Book of Rites". The recorded ancient cultural history knowledge and ideological doctrines have an important impact on the inheritance of Confucian culture, contemporary cultural education and moral cultivation, and the construction of a harmonious socialist society.
3. "Zhou Rites". It is a Confucian classic that is said to have been written by Zhou Gongdan, a famous politician, thinker, writer, and military strategist in the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, it is actually a forgery by the great Confucian Liu Xiang and his son Liu Xin during the Wang Mang period at the end of the Western Han Dynasty.
Extended information: The coming-of-age ceremony in ancient life etiquette is also called the crowning ceremony. It is the crowning ceremony for men who have entered the ranks of adults. The crown ceremony evolved from the initiation ceremony that young men and women participated in when they matured, which was popular in clan society.
The Han Dynasty followed the crown ceremony system of the Zhou Dynasty. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jia Guan began to use musical accompaniment.
Crown ceremony was practiced in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, but was abolished in the Qing Dynasty. Many ethnic minority areas in China still retain ancient rites of passage, such as tooth extraction, tooth dyeing, wearing skirts, pants, and hair buns.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient Etiquette. 2. A classical Chinese story about being polite
Yan Yuan asked Ren. Confucius said: "To restrain oneself and return to propriety is benevolence. For one day to restrain oneself and return to propriety, the world will return to benevolence. Benevolence comes from oneself, but from others?"
Yan Yuan said, "Excuse me, what is the purpose?" Confucius said : "Don't look at anything that's not polite, don't hear anything that's not polite, don't say anything that's not polite, don't do anything that's not polite."
Yan Yuan said, "Although I'm not quick to reply, I'd like to ask you something."
Zhong Gong asked Ren. Confucius said: "When you go out, you are like seeing a distinguished guest, and the people are like receiving a great sacrifice. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. There is no resentment in the country, and no resentment at home."
Zhong Gong said: "Yong although If you are not sensitive, please ask for help."
Sima Niu asked Ren. Confucius said: "The words of a benevolent person are also scolding."
He said: "The words of a benevolent person are also scolding. Do you mean that this is benevolence?" Confucius said: "It is difficult to do it, but what you say is not scolding?" "
Sima Niu asked the gentleman. Confucius said: "A gentleman has no worries and no fears."
He said: "A gentleman has no worries and no fears. How can I call him a gentleman?" Confucius said: "If you look inward and feel no guilt, why should you worry or be afraid?"
Sima Niu worried and said: "Everyone has brothers, I am alone!" Zixia said: "Shang heard this, life and death have destiny, wealth and honor are in heaven. A gentleman is respectful and respectful to others. And be polite. We are all brothers in the world
Why should a gentleman have no brothers? "Zhi Zhang asked Ming. Confucius said: "The infiltration of 谮, the tingling of the skin, cannot go far, and it can be said to be clear. The infiltration of trance, and the skin receiving tingling, cannot go far, and it can be said to be far away."
Zigong Ask about politics. Confucius said: "If you have enough food and soldiers, the people will trust you."
Zigong said: "We must leave as a last resort. Which of the three should come first?" He said: "Go away with the soldiers."
Zigong said: "I have to leave as a last resort. Which one comes first?" He said: "Go and eat. Death has happened since ancient times, and people cannot stand without faith."
Ji Zicheng Said: "The gentleman is just a man of quality, why should we use literature?" Zigong said: "Unfortunately, Master said that a gentleman's spear is not as good as his tongue. Writing is still of quality, and quality is still of writing. A tiger and leopard's hawk is like a dog and a sheep's hawk. "
Duke Ai asked Yu Youruo, "I am hungry and I don't have enough." Youruo said, "Is it true?"
He said, "Two." , I am still insufficient, how can I be thorough?" He asked, "If the people are sufficient, which one of you is not enough? If the people are not enough, which one of you is enough?" Confucius said: "The master is loyal, righteous, and virtuous. Those who love want him to live, and those who hate want him to die. Both wanting him to live and wanting him to die is delusion." Honesty is not based on wealth, but only on differences. .
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Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics.
Confucius said to him: "The king is the king, the ministers are the ministers, the father is the father, the son is the son."
The Duke said: "Excellent! Faith is like a king who is not a king, a minister who is not a minister, a father who is not a father, and a son who is not a son. If there is millet, can I eat it?"
Confucius said: "How can a few words break the prison?"
Zi Lu has no promise.
Confucius said: "I am still a human being when it comes to hearing lawsuits, so I will definitely make sure there are no lawsuits."
Zi Zhang asked about politics. Confucius said: "If you live without fatigue and act with loyalty."
Confucius said: "If you are knowledgeable in literature and make appointments with etiquette, you can stay close to me!"
Confucius said: "The beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of a man. The villain is the opposite."
Ji Kangzi asked Confucius about politics. Confucius said to him: "A politician must be upright. When a commander is upright, who dares to be unjust?"
Ji Kangzi was suffering from robbery and asked Confucius. Confucius said to Confucius: "If you don't want what you want, you won't steal it even if you reward it."
Ji Kangzi asked Confucius about the government and said: "If there is no way to kill, then there is the way, how about it?" Confucius said to him: " If you are in charge of government, why should you kill? If you want to be good and the people are good, the virtue of a villain will be destroyed by the wind."
Zi Zhang asked: "How can a scholar be so accomplished?" Confucius said: "Why, what do you call an accomplished person?"
Zi Zhang replied: "You must hear it in your country, and you must hear it at home." Confucius said: "This is hearing, not Tao. A person who is Tao is upright and loves justice, observes words and looks, and considers the following people. He must be successful in the state, and he must be successful at home.
Fu Hen Also, if you follow benevolence and act contrary to it, you will definitely hear it when you are in your country, and you will definitely hear it at home." Fan Chi Congyou was walking under the dancing chanter and said, "I dare to ask about Chongde. Confucius said: "What a good question! Isn't it about advocating virtue first and then doing it?" Forgetting his body and his relatives, why should he be confused?"
Fan Chi asked Ren. Confucius said: "Love people." Asked. Confucius said: "Knowing people."
Fan Chi did not reach it. Confucius said: "If you lift straight and correct all the mistakes, you can make the mistakes straight."
Fan Chi retreated and saw Zi Xia and said, "In the countryside, I saw Master and asked him about it. Confucius said: 'Lift straight and correct.' What does it mean to make those who are wronged be straight?"
Zi Xia said: "Fu Zai said! Shun has the world, and he is far away from Gao Tao. In the world, if you choose Yi Yin, you will be far away from those who are unkind."
Zigong asked his friend. Confucius said: "Advice is a good way, stop if it is not enough, do not humiliate yourself."
Zengzi said: "A gentleman uses literature to make friends, and friends to support benevolence." 3. Modern civilization tells the story of etiquette, Want the original text
A short story about civilized etiquette: Zengzi avoids a banquet. "Zengzi avoids a banquet" comes from the "Book of Filial Piety" and is a very famous story.
Zengzi was a disciple of Confucius. Once he was sitting next to Confucius, and Confucius asked him: "In the past, the sage kings had supreme virtues and essential and profound theories, which they used to teach the people of the world. , people can live in harmony, and there will be no dissatisfaction between the king and his ministers. Do you know what they are?" Zengzi understood that his teacher Confucius wanted to teach him the most profound truth, so he immediately stood up from the mat where he was sitting. , walked outside the mat, and replied respectfully: "I'm not smart enough. How can I know? Please ask the teacher to teach me these principles." Here, "avoiding the mat" is a very polite behavior. When Zengzi When he heard that the teacher was about to teach him, he stood up and walked outside the mat to ask the teacher for advice, in order to show his respect for the teacher.
The story of Zeng Zi’s politeness was passed down to future generations, and many people admired it. 4. What are the ancient texts expressing etiquette?
The ancient texts expressing etiquette are as follows:
1. "Rituals". One of the Thirteen Classics of Confucianism. It is a compilation of rituals from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in China. ***Seventeen articles. The content records various etiquettes such as crowns, weddings, funerals, sacrifices, townships, archery, court, and employment in the Zhou Dynasty, mainly recording the etiquette of scholar-bureaucrats.
2. "Book of Rites".
The recorded ancient cultural history knowledge and ideological doctrines have an important impact on the inheritance of Confucian culture, contemporary cultural education and moral cultivation, and the construction of a harmonious socialist society.
3. "Zhou Rites". It is a Confucian classic that is said to have been written by Zhou Gongdan, a famous politician, thinker, writer, and military strategist in the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, it is actually a forgery by the great Confucian Liu Xiang and his son Liu Xin during the Wang Mang period at the end of the Western Han Dynasty.
Extended information:
The coming-of-age ceremony in ancient life etiquette is also called the crowning ceremony. It is the crowning ceremony for men who have entered the ranks of adults. The crown ceremony evolved from the initiation ceremony that young men and women participated in when they matured, which was popular in clan society. The Han Dynasty followed the Zhou Dynasty's crown ceremony system.
In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jiaguan began to be accompanied by music. The crown ceremony was practiced in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, but was abolished in the Qing Dynasty. Many ethnic minority areas in China still retain ancient rites of passage, such as tooth extraction, tooth dyeing, wearing skirts, pants, and hair buns.
Reference material: Baidu Encyclopedia - Ancient Etiquette 5. The story of being polite and trustworthy (ancient Chinese)
Zengzi killed the pig
The market of Zengzi’s wife, His son then cried. His mother says to him, "You have come back home, and I will kill the piggy for you instead." Zeng Zi wants to catch the piggy and kill it when his wife comes to market. The wife stopped and said, "You are playing with babies." Zengzi said, "Babies are not meant to be played with. Babies do not have knowledge. They treat their parents as scholars and listen to their parents' teachings. If you bully them now, you are teaching your children to bully." If a mother deceives her son, and the son does not believe in his mother, that is not why he is a disciple.
Selected from "Han Feizi"
Note: Zengzi (505 BC ~ 432 BC): Zeng Shen, a native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. A disciple of Confucius.
Translation:
Zeng Zi’s madam goes to market, his son is crying to be urged to go accordingly. His mother said to him: "You go home first and I will come back later to kill a pig for you to eat." He went back happily. When Zeng Zi's wife came back from the market, she saw Zeng Zi going to catch piglets. kill. She dissuaded her and said, "I was just joking with the child." Zengzi said, "Madam, this is not a joke! Children have no ability to think and judge. They must learn from their parents and obey the correct teachings given by their parents. . Now you are deceiving him. This is teaching a child to lie! If a mother deceives her son, the son will no longer believe in his mother. This is not the right way to educate a child." So Zengzi killed the pig and cooked it. Then he gave the pig to his son to eat.
6. A small ancient essay on civilized etiquette, urgent
You can write about Kong Rong giving pear, or you can write about Zhou Rites and Zhou Rites: Wei Wang Jianguo. In the extreme, he established the Tianguan Tomb Supervisor, envoys and subordinates, and took charge of the governance of the country. He assisted the king in balancing the state and governing the officials. There was one chief minister, two junior ministers, four junior ministers, and eight senior ministers. There are six sergeants in ten, two corporals in brigade, six in government, two in history, two in ten, twenty in disciples, two sergeants in the palace, and four sergeants. .Eight corporals, two from the government, four from the history, four from the Xu, forty disciples, two sergeants from the palace, four from the government, one from the government, two from the history, two from the Xu, twenty disciples. There are two sergeants, four sergeants, eight corporals, two government officials, four historians, two apprentices, twenty disciples, four cooks, sergeants, eight corporals, and two government officials. .Four Shi, eight Jia, four Xu, forty disciples, four sergeants, eight corporals, two Fu, four historians, ten Xu, one hundred disciples, and four sergeants. .Eight corporals, two Fu, four Shi, ten Xu, one hundred disciples, four corporals from Heng, one Fu, two Shi, five Xu, fifty disciples, two corporals from Dian, and one Fu .Two historians, thirty subordinates, three hundred disciples, four orc sergeants, eight corporals, two government officials, four historians, four subordinates, forty disciples, two sergeants, and four corporals There are two people from the government, four people from the history, thirty people from the Xu, three hundred people from the government, four people from the turtle family, two people from the government, two people from the history, six people from the disciples, four people from the La people, and two people from the government. Two historians, twenty disciples, two sergeants of doctors, four corporals, two government officials, two historians, twenty disciples, two sergeants of food medicine, eight sergeants of disease medicine, and eight corporals of ulcer medicine There are four veterinarians, four sergeants, eight corporals, two government officials, eight historians, eight assistants, eighty disciples, ten drunkards, thirty female drunkards, and three hundred drunkards. .There are five people, including five people, ten women, fifty people, two corporals, two people from the government, two people from the history, eight people, eighty disciples, one person, and a woman. There are ten men, twenty men, one man, twenty women, forty men, two men, twenty women, forty men, two men, two women. Twenty people, forty people, one power person, ten female power people, twenty people, palace servants, four sergeants, eight corporals, two government officials, four historians, eight assistants, and eighty disciples. People. There are four corporals in charge of the house. Two people in the government. Four people in the history. Forty disciples. One corporal in charge of the affairs. Two people in the government. Two people in history. There are forty disciples. Four corporals in charge. Four people in the government. History. Two people, eighty disciples, two officials from the mansion, four sergeants, eight corporals, four government officials, eight historians, six Jia Shiyou, eight assistants, eighty disciples, and senior sergeants from Yufu Two people, four sergeants, two people from the government, two people from the government, eight people from the government, eight people from the Jia family, four people from the Xu family, eight people from the forty-eight disciples, two people from the inner government, one person from the government, two people from the government, and ten people from the government. There are two sergeants from the foreign government, one from the government, two from the government, and ten disciples. There are two senior officials from the department, four junior officials, and eight sergeants. There are six sergeants from ten, four from the government, and eight historians. There are five Xu, fifty disciples, two sergeants, four sergeants, two government officials, four historians, eight disciples, two senior sergeants, four sergeants, four government officials and historians. Four people, twenty disciples, four senior sergeants, eight sergeants, four governors, eight historians, twenty disciples, two senior sergeants, four sergeants, two governors, and historians Four people. Jia four people. There are forty disciples, two internal ministers, four senior sergeants, eight sergeants, four government officials, eight historians, eight subordinates, eighty disciples, internal ministers and four senior sergeants. There are two people in history, eight people in disciples, and four people in each door of Yanren's palace. The same is true for Youyou. There are five people in the palace of the eunuch king, and there are twice the number of eunuchs in the palace. There are nine concubines, women in the world, female emperors, and female blessings. Four people. There are eight Xi people, eight female historians, six Xi Shiyou, two sergeants of Dianfu Gong, four corporals, two government officials, four historians, four workers, four Jia people, 20 apprentices and corporal Diansi. Two people. Two people from the government. Two people from the history. Four people from the Jia. Two disciples. Two corporal Dianxu. Two people from the government. Two people from the history. Twenty people. There are eight people in Xi, two people in sewing, eight people in female imperial duties, eighty people in female workers, thirty people in Xi, two people in the government, two people in the government, two people in the history, twenty disciples, and two people in the government. One person, two historians, two workers, and apprentices
Four people, two corporals from the Yi people, one from the government, one from the history, eight workers, and four disciples. Four corporals from Xia Cai, one from the history, and four disciples. They hold the post of chief minister. They are in charge of the six laws of founding the country. They serve as assistants to the king. To govern a country, the first is to govern the state, to use scriptures to govern the state, to govern the government, and to discipline the people. The second is to use the canon to stabilize the state, to educate the government, to disturb the people. The third is to use the ritual code, to harmonize the state, and to unify hundreds of people. Officials. To harmonize the people. The fourth is political code. To level the country. To rectify the hundreds of officials. To balance all the people. The fifth is the criminal code. To interrogate the state. To punish the hundreds of officials. To rectify the people. The sixth is the code of affairs. To enrich the country. The country uses the appointment of hundreds of officials to give birth to the people. The eight laws are used to govern the government. The first is official affiliation, which is used to govern the country. The second is official positions, which is used to distinguish state governance. The third is official alliance, which is used to govern the government. The fourth is official standing, which is used to listen. Official governance. The fifth is official governance. The state is governed by the classics. The sixth is official law. The state is governed correctly. The seventh is official punishment. It is used to rectify the state. The eighth is official planning. It is governed by the disadvantages of the state. The eighth is governing the capital. The first is sacrifice. To control their gods. The second is law, to control their officials. The third is abolition, to control their officials. The fourth is salary, position, to control their scholars. The fifth is tribute, to control their use. The sixth is etiquette, to control their people. The seventh is punishment and reward, to control his power. The eighth is field service, to control his people. The eight-hand imperial edict is used to control his ministers. One is called Jue, to control his nobles. The second is called Lu, to control his wealth. The third is Yu. To control his luck. The fourth is to control his behavior. The fifth is to live, to control his happiness. The sixth is to capture, to control his poverty. The seventh is to abolish, to control his crime. The eighth is to punish, to control his mistakes. .Eight orders are used to control the people. The first is to be close to relatives. The second is to respect the old. The third is to promote the worthy. The fourth is to enable the capable. The fifth is to protect the mediocre. The sixth is to be noble. The seventh is to be an official. The eighth is to be a concierge. Nine positions are Ren Wanmin. The first is called Sannong. Producing nine grains. The second is called garden. Raising grass and trees. The third is called Yu Heng. Making materials for mountains and rivers. The fourth is called pastoral care. Raising birds and animals. The fifth is called Baigong. Cultivating eight kinds of materials. Sixth: It is called merchants, Futong and bribes. The seventh is concubines. It is used to cure silk. The eighth is ministers and concubines. It is to gather sparse materials. The ninth is idle people. There is no permanent position. Transfer deacons. Use nine Fu to collect money and bribe. The first is Fu in the state. The second is the poem about the four suburbs. The third is about the country. The fourth is about the family. The fifth is about the country. The sixth is about the capital. The seventh is about the city. The eighth is about the mountain. The ninth is about the mountain. Fu Yu Zhi uses nine styles to save money. The first is the style of sacrifice. The second is the style of guests. The third is the style of mourning. The fourth is the style of humiliation. The fifth is the style of fortification. The sixth is the style of coins and silk. Form. The seventh is the form of the humble fodder. The eighth is the form of the bandits. The ninth is the easy-to-use form. Nine tributes are used for the country. The first is the tribute of sacrifices. The second is the tribute of concubines. The third is the tribute of utensils. The fourth is coins. Tribute. The fifth term is material tribute. The sixth term is goods tribute. The seventh term is service tribute. The eighth term is tribute tribute. The ninth term is material tribute. The ninth term refers to the people of the state. The first term is pastoralism. The land is used to gain people. The second term is growth. Honorable people. To win the people. The third is teachers. Win the people by virtue. The fourth is Confucianism. Win the people by Tao. The fifth is Zong. Win the people by clan. The sixth is Lord. Win the people by benefit. The seventh is official. Win the people by governing. The eighth is friends. .To win the people by appointing them. Nine is called sau. To win the people by being rich. The first month is auspicious. It is the beginning of peace. It is the rule of the country. It is the method of governing the elephant in the county. It is the method of governing the elephant in Wei. It makes all the people observe the governance of the elephant. Holding the sun and collecting it, it is given. The code is given to the state, and its husbandry is established. It is established as a supervisor. It is set up as a counselor. It is Fu Qiwu. 7. Etiquette in ancient texts
This is an excerpted article, please check: Etiquette is etiquette and ritual.
In ancient China, there was a saying of "Five Rituals". Sacrifice is an auspicious ceremony, wedding ceremony is a graceful ceremony, guest's affairs are a guest ceremony, military affairs are a military ceremony, and funeral affairs are an unlucky ceremony. Folklore circles believe that etiquette includes four life rites: birth, crown, marriage, and funeral.
In fact, etiquette can be divided into two major categories: politics and life. The political category includes sacrifices to heaven, earth, ancestral temples, sacrifices to ancestors and saints, local drinking ceremonies to honor teachers, meeting ceremonies, military ceremonies, etc.
According to Xunzi, the origin of life etiquette has "three roots", namely "the foundation of heaven and earth", "the ancestors are the foundation of humankind", and "the king and teacher are the foundation of governance". Among etiquette, funeral ceremonies were the earliest.
For the deceased, the funeral ceremony is to appease the ghosts, but for the living, it becomes a ritual that distinguishes the elder and the younger, and fulfills filial piety and upholds human ethics. In the process of the establishment and implementation of etiquette, China's patriarchal system was born (see Chinese Patriarchal Law). The essence of etiquette is the way to govern people and is a derivative of the belief in ghosts and gods.
People believe that all things are controlled by invisible ghosts and gods, and performing etiquette is to please the ghosts and gods for blessings. Therefore, etiquette originated from the belief in ghosts and gods, and is also a special manifestation of the belief in ghosts and gods.
The emergence of the "Three Rites" ("Rites", "Book of Rites", and "Zhou Rites") marks the mature stage of the development of etiquette. During the Song Dynasty, etiquette was integrated with feudal ethics and moral teachings, that is, etiquette and etiquette were mixed, and became one of the effective tools for implementing etiquette.
Etiquette serves the purpose of persuading virtue, and red tape is used to its fullest extent. It was not until modern times that etiquette was truly reformed. Both the etiquette of the country's political life and the etiquette of people's lives were changed into new content of atheism, thus becoming modern civilized etiquette.
[Reposted from Iron Blood Community /] Ancient political etiquette ① Sacrifice to heaven. The heaven-sacrifice that began in the Zhou Dynasty is also called the Suburban Sacrifice. It is held on the southern outskirts of the capital on the day of the winter solstice.
The ancients first valued entity worship, and the worship of heaven was also reflected in the worship of the moon and the worship of the stars. All these concrete worships, after reaching a certain amount, were abstracted into the worship of heaven.
People in the Zhou Dynasty worshiped heaven, which developed from the worship of "emperors" in the Yin Dynasty. The supreme ruler was the emperor, and the power of the king was granted by God. Sacrifice to heaven served the supreme ruler. Therefore, worship to heaven became popular. The Qing Dynasty came to an end. ②Sacrifice to the ground.
The summer solstice is the day of worshiping the earth, and the etiquette is roughly the same as that of worshiping the sky. In the Han Dynasty, the God of Earth was called Earth Mother, saying that she was the goddess who blessed mankind and was also called the God of Society.
The earliest sacrifices to the land were blood sacrifices. After the Han Dynasty, the belief in Feng Shui that it was inappropriate to break ground became prevalent.
The etiquette of offering sacrifices to land also includes offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, to gods of earth, gods of grains, and gods of crops, etc. ③ Sacrifice at the ancestral temple.
The ancestral temple system is the product of ancestor worship. The ancestral temple is the residence built by people for the souls of the dead in the mortal world.
The emperor's ancestral temple system is seven temples for the emperor, five temples for the princes, three temples for the officials, and one temple for the scholars. Common people are not allowed to build temples.
Regarding the location of the ancestral temple, the emperor and princes were located on the left side of the door, while the officials slept on the left and right sides of the temple. For common people, there are ancestral shrines next to the kitchen hall in their dormitories.
During the sacrifice, divination is also required to select the corpse. The corpse is usually played by the grandchildren.
The deity in the temple is a wooden cuboid, which is placed only for sacrifices. The sacrifices cannot be called by their names. Nine prayers are performed during the sacrifice: "Ji Shou", "Dun Shou", "Empty Shou", "Zhen Shou", "Ji Shou", "Obsession", "Qi Shou", "Praise Pray" and "Supreme Pray".
The ancestral temple sacrifices also include sacrifices to the ancestors of the emperors. According to the "Book of Rites·Quli", all the ancestors of the emperors who have contributed to the people, such as Emperor Ku, Yao, Shun, Yu, Huangdi, King Wen, King Wu, etc. To offer sacrifices. Since the Han Dynasty, cemeteries and temples have been built to worship ancestors.
Taizu of the Ming Dynasty initiated the establishment of a temple for all emperors in Kyoto. During the Jiajing period, a temple for emperors of all dynasties was built in Fuchengmen, Beijing, to worship the thirty-six emperors of the past.
④ Sacrifice to the ancestors. After the Han and Wei dynasties, Zhou Gong was regarded as the first sage and Confucius was the first teacher; in the Tang Dynasty, Confucius was regarded as the first sage and Yan Hui was the first teacher.
Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the "Shi Mian" ceremony (recommended food and drinks, with music but no corpses) has been used as a scholar ceremony and as a ceremony to worship Confucius. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, memorial ceremonies were held twice a year in the spring and autumn, and temples of Confucius and Yan were also set up in various counties and schools.
In the Ming Dynasty, Confucius was called "the most holy teacher". In the Qing Dynasty, there was a Confucius Temple in Shengjing (Shenyang, Liaoning Province). After Beijing was established as the capital, the Confucian Temple was established with the Imperial Academy of the Capital as the Imperial Academy. Confucius called him "the most holy master of literature and propaganda in Dacheng".
Qufu’s temple system, sacrificial vessels, musical instruments and etiquette are based on Beijing Taixue. The rural drinking ceremony is the product of offering sacrifices to ancestors and saints.
⑤Meeting ceremony. When subordinates pay respects to their superiors, they should bow to each other. Officials should bow to each other. Dukes, marquises, and consorts should bow twice when they meet each other. The subordinates who live in the west bow first, and the superiors who live in the east respond.
When common people meet each other, they should salute according to their elders and younger ones. Do four bows when you are outside, and bow when you are near.
[Reposted from Jagged Community /] ⑥Military salute. Including conquest, taxation, hunting, construction, etc.
Ancient life etiquette ①Birth ceremony. From a woman's request for a child when she is not pregnant to the baby's first birthday, all rituals revolve around the theme of longevity.
The sacrifice of Gaoxie is the etiquette of begging for children. At this time, an altar was set up in the southern suburbs, and all the concubines and concubines participated.
During the Han and Wei dynasties, there were sacrifices to Gaozi. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the etiquette of Gaozi was formulated. In the Jin Dynasty, Gaozi was used to worship the Qing Emperor, and a wooden square platform was built in the north of Yong'an Gate in the east of the imperial city. There is a Gaoqiu shrine under the stage. In the Qing Dynasty, there was no Gaoluo sacrifice, but there was a "rope-changing" ceremony with the same meaning.
Birth ceremonies have tended to favor boys over girls since ancient times. Birth ceremonies also include "three dynasties", "full moon", "hundred days", "one year old", etc.
"Three Chaos" means that the baby receives gifts from all aspects on the third day after birth. "Full Moon" shaves the fetal hair when the baby is one month old.
During the "Hundred Days" period, the uncle-recognizing ceremony and naming ceremony are performed. The "Zhou Zhou Ceremony" is performed when the child is "one year old" to predict the child's life destiny and good or bad career.
②The coming-of-age ceremony, also called the crowning ceremony, is the crowning ceremony for men who enter the ranks of adults. The crown ceremony evolved from the initiation ceremony that young men and women participated in when they matured, which was popular in clan society.
The Han Dynasty followed the crown ceremony system of the Zhou Dynasty. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jia Guan began to be accompanied by music.
Crown ceremony was practiced in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, but was abolished in the Qing Dynasty. Many ethnic minority areas in China still retain ancient rites of passage, such as tooth extraction, tooth dyeing, wearing skirts, pants, and hair buns.
③Food etiquette of eating swallows. The banquet is held in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, where the guests are served with food. The emphasis is on ceremonial interactions rather than food and drink. Yan is a banquet, and the Yan ceremony is held in the palace, where the guests of honor can drink as much as they want.
Yanli has a profound influence on the formation of Chinese food culture. Festival banquets form festival food etiquette in Chinese folk food customs.
Eat Yuanxiao on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, eat cold rice and cold food on the Qingming Festival, rice dumplings and realgar wine on the Dragon Boat Festival in May, moon cakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival, and Laba porridge.