In the autumn of the twelfth year of Tianbao, Li Bai went to the Yangtze River and Hengjiangdu on his way to Xuancheng.
Why is there a Hengjiang River above the Yangtze River? At first, the Yangtze River turned from west to east, and gradually turned to northeast from the foot of Lushan Mountain. This section of Xiliang Mountain in Hexian County was originally from south to north, standing in the area of Wutou Chuwei. Hengjiangdu is located on the west bank of the Yangtze River and in Liyang County, Quanzhou. Niuzhuji, also known as Caishiji, is located on the east bank of Niuzhuji and belongs to dangtu county. It was originally a land of victory, a crossroads of North-South exchanges, and a historical site. Sun Wu crossed the river, crossed the river in Jin Dynasty, and cut Chen in Sui Dynasty, all from here. Hengjiangdu has experienced many ups and downs. Therefore, poets and poets will always write poems as a souvenir when they pass by, and Hengjiang will always welcome their trip with its unique wind and waves. Li Bai, who was 53 years old at that time, wanted to cross the river from quarrying to Liyang, and he felt something when he met the wind and waves.
At this time, Li Bai was extremely lost, wandering for a long time, thinking all the way, and his mood was very painful. Coupled with the evacuation of the wind and waves, the evil wind roared, and Li Bai was injured. It is full of disillusionment, separation, society and bitter memories of his life. When he came to this "making waves with the wind" Hengjiang, it was also in the ebb and flow season, and the wind and waves in his heart had a strong sound with those on the river. Looking up, I only feel that the clouds are sad and foggy, the sky is dark, the evil wind is whistling, and the turbid waves are emptying. The wind seems to have blown down the mountain, and the waves seem to be higher than the tile palace pavilion in Jinling. "People praise the land is so sinister! This is very much like my trip to a secluded state! Even my life experience in politics is like this! "
He stood on the ferry and looked upstream, only to see the waves surging, as if the sea was going backwards, and the upstream tide almost jumped over Xunyang. "The risk of horses on Xunyang River is big enough, but the risk of this Niuzhu is bigger than that of horses. Natural disasters on the Yangtze River are getting more and more dangerous, and my experience in politics in my life is getting more and more dangerous! When I was young, I did everything and ran into a wall everywhere. In the Qing Dynasty, I accomplished nothing. In middle age, he entered the DPRK with a letter, left with a smile, bowed his head and shed tears, and even was forced to flee outside. In his later years, he blocked the wall in the north and also explored the tiger's den and entered the tiger's mouth; Through the rough waves, you fall into the abyss. Hengjiang, your wind and waves have reminded me of bitter memories for decades! "
He stood at the ferry and looked west, only to see Yunshan and Chang 'an. As I stared, I saw in a trance that the river was connected with Hanshui, Hanshui was connected with Weishui, and Weishui was connected with Chang 'an, as if from the Yangtze River to Tianjin by boat, and I could sail there all the time. Suddenly, the Yangtze River, Hanshui River and Weishui River disappeared again, but in front of them, a white river like a mountain appeared. "How can the thread of the mountain get by! Even those boatmen who dare to hang their sails high and are used to driving huge ships are worried. How to get back to Chang 'an in Yunshan? I can't go back, not for the rest of my life! "
Standing on the ferry and looking downstream, he saw the river running towards the misty distance, that is, the sea. He thought of Poseidon in ancient mythology, thinking about it, and then he saw Poseidon passing through the East China Sea in a trance, with an evil wind and a huge wave, rushing to the nearby Tianmen Mountain and breaking the original complete stone wall ... In a blink of an eye, Poseidon became An Lushan, evil wind and waves became hordes, and Tianmen Mountain became Tongguan. ……
In order to avoid these terrible hallucinations, he went to the front of the inn that managed the ferry and asked about the transition. Li Jing introduced the ferry to him and pointed to the eastern sky and said, "Li Langguan, there are clouds on the sea, and a storm is coming." I dare not sail in this weather! " Li Bai looked at the sky, and sure enough, dark clouds were surging. He saw that dark clouds were about to cover the whole earth. As soon as I saw the river, the waves were rising, like a long whale at sea, forcing many waters to flow backwards. Li Bai had to bid farewell to Tianjin officials and return to the city. Before crossing the Hengjiang River, Tianjin officials said a few common words, but they echoed in Li Bai's heart: "There will be more storms! There are more storms coming! There are more storms coming! ..... "He was suddenly surprised:" Yes, when this storm comes, the three mountains and five mountains will be shaken, the whole country will be in turmoil, and millions of people will be in hot water ... "So Li Bai wrote six poems about Hengjiang:
one
Human nature is good, farming inherent vice. The wind blew down Tianmen Mountain, and the white waves were higher than the crock pavilion.
two
The tide has been going south to Xunyang, and Niuzhu came from a dangerous place. Hengjiang wants to ride out the storm, but Wan Li is worried.
three
Western Qin Dynasty is separated by Hengjiang River in the west, and Yang Zijing is connected with Hanshui River in the east. White waves are like mountains, what can we cross? Strong winds worry about killing the steep sails.
four
Poseidon returned to the evil wind, and the waves hit the stone walls of Tianmen. What happened to Zhejiang in August? It's like a snowfall!
five
In front of Hengjiang Pavilion, Tianjin officials greeted him, and Yu Dong pointed to Hai Yunsheng. "Jin Lang want to cross? Such a storm is not feasible! "
six
The moon is dizzy, the wind and fog can't open, and Hai Jing runs back to the East. The shock wave moves three mountains, and the public has no way to go!
The first song: "Humanity is good and agriculture is evil." In the first two sentences, the language is natural and fluent, unpretentious and full of local colors. "Nong" is the name of Wu people. "Humanism" and "Agricultural Road" are purely spoken and have a strong flavor of life. One is introverted and the other is publicity, with true feelings, symmetrical language and rich folk literature. Hengjiang, namely Hengjiangpu, is located in the southeast of Hexian County, Anhui Province, on the north bank of the Yangtze River, opposite to Caishiji on the southeast coast, and the situation is dangerous. Looking at the Yangtze River from Hengjiangpu, sometimes it is calm and the scenery is pleasant. The so-called "human nature is good across the river"; But sometimes the wind and waves are big, and "crossing the river to cross the wind and waves" and "such wind and waves are not feasible" are soul-stirring and terrible, so "making trouble across the river" leads to the following two strange words.
"The gale blows down Tianmen Mountain" and "Blows down Mountain", which is a common exaggeration in folk songs. Tianmen Mountain consists of East Liangshan and West Liangshan. Xiliangshan is located in the south of Hexian County, and Liangdongshan, also known as Wangboshan, is located in the southwest of dangtu county. "Two rocky rocks, east and west facing each other like doors" (Jiangnan Tongzhi), the situation is very sinister. "The wind blows down", and the poet describes it as: raging and roaring, as if to blow down Tianmen Mountain.
The next sentence, pushing the boat with the current, describes the magnificent scene of strong winds and huge waves in Hong Tao: "White waves are higher than crock pavilions." The storm set off huge waves in Hong Tao, stirring up snow-white spray. Looking from a height, "how can I cross the white waves like mountains?" "Tao is a snowy mountain." Along the Yangtze River of Tianmen Mountain, it washed away like an avalanche, and the wandering peak rose higher and higher, as if it were higher than the crock pavilion on the river outside Nanjing. The poem ends with a "crock pavilion", which is the finishing touch. The crock pavilion is the crock temple, also known as Shengyuan Pavilion, so the address is "in the west corner of Jiankang House. Looking at the river in front, it is based on the heavy hills behind ... it is the relic of the Liang Dynasty, 240 feet high "("Yu Fang Sheng Lan "). It is like a navigation mark in poetry, indicating the direction, position and height. The poet stood on the height of imagination and looked at it from the perspective of Tianmen Mountain, as if it were faintly visible. The waves are surging and rushing for thousands of miles, heading for the crock pavilion. The magnificent white waves soar high, which seems to be higher than the crock pavilion. It's really spectacular The exaggeration of the poet's description of big waves lies in similarity and dissimilarity. "The gale blows down Tianmen Mountain" is obviously a bold exaggeration. However, judging from the scene of steep mountains and fierce winds, it can be said that it is vividly written, which makes people feel credible but not illusory. "White waves are higher than the crock pavilion" may not seem like it at first glance, but from the perspective of being near and far, standing on a high place and overlooking, white waves seem to be higher than the crock pavilion in the distance. Such exaggeration is reasonable and does not appear stiff and artificial.
Poets use romantic crayons to enrich their fantastic imagination and create a magnificent realm, which is refreshing and open-minded. Language is as natural and smooth as folk songs and as clear as words.
Although the Yangtze River can look east at the sea, it is thousands of miles away from the sea. But in the poet's eyes, the sound of the tide has reached the ink stone. In the second, third and fourth poems, he borrowed tides, sea clouds and Poseidon, and vividly wrote the sinister word "the wind blows down Tianmen Mountain, and the white waves are higher than the crock pavilion", highlighting a sad word. The sinister forces are too rampant, and the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people are vividly on the paper. The sea in Li Bai's poems fluctuates with its emotions.
The fourth song is about the thrills of the tide crossing Tianmen Mountain. The first sentence is about the legend of Poseidon, the sea god, who experienced storms and strong winds, which cast a magical color on this adventure. The second sentence said that the tide surged over the stone wall of Tianmen, just like white waves splitting the mountain. The last two sentences use inverted sentences to tell the scene that the waves spraying snow on the mountain pass through Tianmen Mountain. Compared with the tides in Qiantang River, which is more thrilling? This backchat highlights the sinister nature of the Hengjiang storm.
The fifth poet revealed that local officials and their own ideas are the same, "such a storm is not feasible." In the sixth poem, the poet expresses his helplessness through imagination, metaphor, metonymy and other rhetorical devices.
The Hengjiang storm in the poem symbolizes the "dark and decadent political situation" and "the precarious fate of the country", and embodies the "imminent crisis situation in which chaos will start and disaster will start".
The symbolic meaning of this poem, from the overall atmosphere of the poem, has a deep aftertaste. The poem attempts to describe the turbulent and sinister storm in the Hengjiang River, which may indeed symbolize the sinister social situation at that time. On the one hand, it is said that "blowing down the mountain is higher than the pavilion"; On the other hand, he also said that "a spring river leads Wan Li to worry"; On the other hand, he also said that "looking across the river in the west will hinder the Western Qin Dynasty"; On the other hand, it can really symbolize that the poet is worried about the political crisis in the imperial court, and he can't contribute to it. Li Bai wrote six poems on Hengjiang River in Hezhou, which are legendary stories throughout the ages.