However, there was a perfect and outstanding emperor whose tomb occupied only 25 mu, which was less than 1/3000 of the Qin tombs. He is Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. In the 26th year of Jianwu (AD 50), Liu Xiu ordered the construction of a mausoleum, and personally located the mausoleum between Beimang Mountain and the Yellow River. In addition, he cited the example of China Emperor Baling to Dou Rong, who was in charge of the construction work, demanding that the area of his mausoleum should not exceed 2 hectares, not to mention filling the mausoleum with soil and storing water as a pool, as long as the mausoleum can drain smoothly.
Liu Xiu (65438 BC+65438 BC+10-March 29th BC), Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was born in Jiyang County and Chenliu County (now Kaifeng lankao county, Henan Province), the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and an outstanding politician, strategist and strategist in the history of China.
At the end of the new dynasty, Liu Xiu took advantage of the situation in his hometown to fight. In 25 years, Liu Xiu publicly broke with the regime of starting a new stove. In order to show Liu's revival, the pavilion acceded to the throne, still taking "Han" as the national title, which was called "Eastern Han" in history. After 12 years of unified war, Liu Xiu eliminated the separatist forces in Kanto, Longyou and Xishu successively, ending the warlord melee and separatist situation that lasted for nearly 20 years since the end of Xinmang.
In his thirty-three years in office, Liu Xiu carried out political reform of the central official position, rectified the official atmosphere, streamlined the structure, and gave preferential treatment to the heroes. Liberate productive forces economically, recuperate and develop the economy vigorously; Culturally, carry forward Confucianism and respect honesty. The Eastern Han Dynasty was also praised by later historians as "the most beautiful and civilized time with the most prosperous Confucianism" in the history of China (in the words of Sima Guang and Liang Qichao), also known as the prosperous time of Jianwu. On the fifth day of February in the second year of Jianwu Zhongyuan (57 years), Liu Xiu died in the front hall of Nangong at the age of 62. On the fifth day of March of the same year, he was buried in the original mausoleum, to the name of the temple of posthumous title Guangwudi, the ancestor.
Liu Xiu, the ninth grandson of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, was Liu Fa-ren, the eldest son of Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty. Liu Xiu's predecessor was handed down from Hou, because he abided by the principle of "giving benefits". To his father Liu Qin's generation, he was only a small official like Jiyang County Magistrate.
In the first year of Jianping in the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu was born in Chenliu County, Jiyang County. When he was born, the whole room was red. At that time, rice and grain (Jiahe) had nine ears in one stem, hence the name Xiu. In the third year of Yuan Dynasty (3 years), Liu Qin died. Liu Xiu, who is only 9 years old, and his brother and sister have become orphans. They had no choice but to return to Baishui Village, Fuling, Zaoyang, where they were raised by their uncle Liu Liang and became ordinary people.
Because Liu Xiuqin is good at farming, and his brother Liu? A good chivalrous man often makes fun of Liu Xiu and compares him to Liu Bang's brother Liu Xi. Tianfeng period of the new dynasty (14? 19), Liu Xiu went to Chang 'an, studied Shangshu, and got a little sense of justice.
Since the Western Han and Yuan emperors, political affairs have been declining day by day. When Han proclaimed himself emperor, the emperor was in a daze and entrusted the government to his matriarchal family. As a result, Wang's consorts group headed by the Queen Mother monopolized the state affairs; He also doted on Zhao's sisters, forming a situation of "Zhao's family is chaotic and my family is prosperous".
After the death of Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, the nephew of Wang, even established two young masters, Emperor Ping and the obedient baby, whose status experienced "Han Angong" and "taking the emperor". On the surface, it was almost a replay of the regency of the former Duke of Zhou. In the first year (8 years), Wang Mang abolished Liu Ying as the Duke of Ding 'an, officially ascended the throne on behalf of Han, and established a new dynasty and a Yuan dynasty. After 2 14 years of rule, the Western Han Dynasty finally perished.
In the last few years in Xin Mang, because the reform it carried out blindly worshipped the past and was unrealistic, it touched the interests of the upper, lower and ordinary people. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods and droughts, the vast Central Plains is thousands of miles away, and there are sorrows everywhere. Finally, during the Tianfeng period in Xin Mang, dozens of peasant armies such as Chimei, Greenwood and Tongma rose one after another, and a large number of tyrannical landlords began to fall. Suddenly, the sea was torn apart and the world was in chaos.
Although Liu Xiu was named a descendant of the royal family, his branch belongs to a distant relative. Is he the same person as his eldest brother Liu? Different, Liu? I have made friends with heroes all over the world regardless of my family. Many children in Nanyang want to take advantage of the chaos and do great things. Liu Xiuze, on the other hand, is "more powerful than others" and extremely cautious. After careful consideration, when Liu Xiu saw that the world was really in chaos, he decided to start fighting. In November, the third year of Emperor Huang (22 years), Liu Xiu came to Fuling from Wancheng, and together with his eldest brother Ada, under the banner of "restoring the high-impedance inheritance, setting the eternal autumn", he officially rose up against the barbarians in Fuling.
Because Liu Xiu brothers and Nanyang imperial clan children fought in Fuling Township, Nanyang County (now Zaoyang, Hubei Province), the military forces of Liu Xiu brothers were called Fuling Army in history. The main force of Fuling army is Nanyang imperial clan and Liu, the hero of this county. There are few soldiers and poor equipment. Even in the early days, Liu Xiu rode an ox to fight, which became a widely circulated story in later legends. After a fierce battle, he killed Xinye Wei, and Liu Xiucai got a war horse. In order to expand the momentum and strengthen the anti-mang force, Fuling soldiers joined forces with the largest main force of the three armies of Greenwood, namely Xinshi, Linping and Xiajiang, and expanded their mutual strength. Ashui, Yuyang and other places fought fiercely with Xin Mang's conquering army, and Pojun died, killing Xin Mang's generals Zhen Fu and Liang Qiu.
In the first year of restarting (23 years), Liu Xuan, the imperial clan of the Western Han Dynasty, was proclaimed emperor by the main generals of outlaws, and Jianyuan's "restarting" was proclaimed as the re-emperor. In this regard, Liu? And Nanyang Liu clan was extremely dissatisfied, but forced by the allied forces, the greenwood soldiers were stronger than Ma Zhuang, and there were strong enemies ahead, so they had to give up for the time being. Liu? He was named as Da Situ, while Liu Xiu was named General Taichang. The establishment of the new regime and the reuse of the banner of the Han Dynasty greatly shocked the new dynasty. Follwed immediately sent generals Wang Yi and Wang Situ from counties to find 420,000 chosen men to pounce on Kunyang and Wancheng in an attempt to destroy the new regime.
In May of the same year, Wang Yi and Wang Xun led the troops out of Luoyang in the west and went south to Yingchuan (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) to meet Yanyou and Chen Mao, forcing Liu Xiu's army to withdraw from Yangguan (now northwest Yuxian County, Henan Province) to Kunyang. There are only 9,000 Han troops in Kunyang, and many people are afraid of losing. They want to abandon the city and retreat to Jingzhou. Liu Xiu persuaded the generals to stick to Kunyang on the grounds that "the combination of vertical and horizontal forces can still win, but the situation of dispersion is difficult to maintain". At this time, follwed troops have approached the north of the city. Liu Xiu led 13 cavalry out of the city overnight and went to Dingling County and Yan County to mobilize reinforcements. Later, 17,000 infantry and cavalry went to Kunyang.
Wang Yi and others, relying on their own powerful strength, threatened: "Millions of teachers will be destroyed if they go too far. Today, the massacre is advanced, dancing before the song, and cooking quickly! " Wang Yijun attacked Kunyang City and dug a tunnel to build a cloud car. Kunyang defenders have no way to escape and stick to Chengwei. At this time, Wang Mang's army was exhausted from the long war and lost its momentum. On June 1 day, Liu Xiu led more than 10,000 people to rescue Kunyang. Liu Xiu personally led more than a thousand elite as pioneers, and dashed many times, killing more than a thousand people in Wang Mang's army, which greatly encouraged the morale of the Han army. Then, they took 3000 soldiers around the enemy, sneaked into Kunshui (now Huihe River in Yexian County, Henan Province) and launched a fierce attack on Wang Yi's base camp. Wang Yi still underestimates his enemy, and ordered the battalions to exercise restraint and not to send troops without authorization. Wang Yi's military forces were in trouble, and Wang Xun died, so the general dared not help. The defenders of Kunyang saw the victory of the Han army outside the city and took advantage of it to attack. Wang Mang's army was in chaos, running for their lives everywhere, trampling on each other, and corpses were everywhere. At this time, a strong wind suddenly blew, and tiles and heavy rain came. Hey? ┱ Pull? 暪ь Hey? Lie back? Hey? /p & gt；
The main force of the new dynasty, known as the million-strong army, fell at the gates of Kunyang, and the three assistants were shaken, and the new headstrong regime collapsed. In September of the first year of restarting, the outlaw hero invaded Chang 'an, Wang Mang died in a scuffle, and the new dynasty collapsed.
Liu Xiuze, who made great contributions in the battle of Kunyang, went south to attack the city. At this time, a bad news came that Liu Xiu's eldest brother Liu? Killed by the new emperor. His brother was killed for no reason, which was undoubtedly a great blow to Liu Xiu. However, Liu Xiu's ability to endure sadness has become more humble, and his sadness and indignation are intangible, which shows that Liu Xiu keeps a low profile and bears a heavy burden. In order not to arouse Qin Shihuang's suspicion, he hurried back to Wancheng to apologize to his eldest brother Liu? The Ministry doesn't have personal contact. Although Liu Xiu was the first person to be praised for Kunyang's contribution, he didn't show Kunyang's contribution, and said that his brother made a mistake, and so did he. It turns out that the emperor was originally due to Liu? I always refused to obey the imperial power, so I killed him. I feel a little ashamed to see Liu Xiu so humble. After all, Liu Xiu's two brothers made great contributions, so Liu Xiu was not convicted, but was awarded the title of Wu Xinhou. Shortly after Liu Xiu returned to Wancheng, he was named Wu Xinhou and married Yin Lihua, the daughter of the upstart he longed for for many years.
However, I know that even for a while, even if the fresh emperor doesn't doubt himself, he may marry his brother Liu. The same fate, after all, his fame spread far and wide, Lord Gao Zhen.
At that time, although the Xin Mang Dynasty perished, all counties and counties in Hebei (north of the Yellow River) held a wait-and-see attitude and never joined the new regime. The Red Eyebrow Army has developed rapidly in Shandong, with the emergence of "Three Kings of Hebei", Tongma, Youlai, Xiao Wei, Gongsun Shu and other separatist forces. Liu Ci said to Liu Xuan, "Liu Xiu is the best person to go to Hebei to recruit. And it is only suitable for Liu Xiu to go to Hebei. " In addition, the stability of Hebei will determine the fate of the new regime. At that time, there was a popular nursery rhyme in the south: "I can't get it, it's in Hebei." However, the outlaw heroes represented by Bi strongly opposed the visit to Hebei. When did you kill Liu? , is Zhu Bi and Yi Li's strong proposal, Zhu Bi they don't let Liu Xiu go for the simple reason that he doesn't have the ability, but his ability is too strong. Liu Xuan is embarrassed, and Zhu Bi's opposition here is reasonable. Let him go. Liu Xiu's influence is getting bigger and bigger, which is too dangerous. If he is not allowed to go, the recruitment work in Hebei will be even worse and more dangerous. While Liu Xuan was hesitating, Feng Yi gave Liu Xiu a trick up his sleeve. Feng Yi suggested Liu Xiu that he must find a way to please Cao Jing, the left prime minister. Liu Xiu followed Feng Yi's advice and "accepted it".
In October of the first year of the new year (23rd year), Liu Xuan sent Liu Xiuxing to cross the Yellow River to comfort the counties in Hebei. On the way, Liu Xiu's best friend, Deng Yu, crossed the north to catch up with Liu Xiu. Liu Xiuyan and Liu Xuan were doomed, and the chaos of the world began. He advised Liu Xiu to "recruit talents, please the people's hearts, build a high-impedance business, save the lives of all the people, and care for the public. The world is not enough! " Deng Yu's words are to Liu Xiu's liking. Shortly after Liu Xiu arrived in Hebei, the son of Chao Miao, the former king of the Western Han Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Handan, while Liu Jie, the son of another royal family of the former Western Han Dynasty in Hebei, also rose up against it. For a time, I was in a difficult situation and even had the heart to flee from Hebei to the south, thanks to the support of Shanggu and Yuyang counties, especially the son of Shanggu satrap Geng Kuang and the young hero Geng? M, who is full of heroism, said: "Yuyang and Shanggu ride thousands of miles, and Handan is not worried about making a fortune in these two counties." Pointing at Geng happily? M Road: "It's my master from the North Road". Soon, with the help of Xie Gong, the minister sent by the first emperor, and Liu Yang, the real king, Liu Xiu led an army to attack Handan and killed Wang Lang and others. It is worth mentioning that in order to form an alliance with the true king Liu Yang, Liu Xiu went to the true king Mi and married Liu Yang's niece Guo Shengtong with grand ceremony. At this time, it was less than a year since Liu Xiu married Yin Lihua in Wancheng.
Seeing Liu Xiu developing in Hebei, the emperor was very upset. He sent a special envoy to Hebei, named Liu Xiuxiao Wang, and ordered him to hand over his military strength and return to Chang 'an to receive the reward. At the same time, he ordered Xie Gong, a senior minister, to monitor Liu Xiu's movements at the scene, and arranged for Xie Gong, a confidant, to be a shepherd in Youzhou and take over the military forces in Youzhou. Liu Xiu refused to accept life on the grounds that Hebei was uneven. Soon, he ordered his expert, Emperor Wudi, to kill Xie Gong, and his military forces were collected. Mu Miao, who was sent to Hebei by the emperor from the beginning, and Wei Shun and Cai Yun, governors of Shanggu and other places, were also killed by Emperor Wudi and Geng? M and others received the seal. Since then, Liu Xiu has publicly broken with the "Start a new stove treaty".
From the 25th year of the founding of the army to the beginning of the 6th year of Jianwu (3 1 year), after nearly six years of exploration in the east and west, Liu Xiu basically controlled the vast Central Plains except Longyou and Bashu, basically unified the eastern part of China, and formed a foothold with Xiao Wei in Longyou in the northwest and Gongsun Shu in Bashu in the southwest.
In April, the fifth year of Jianwu (30 years), Emperor Guangwu went to Chang 'an and told Xiao Wei to send general Geng Jianwei. Seven generals, including M, attacked Shu from Longxi. Xiao Wei objected and sent general Wang Yuan to attack the Han army in Gansu (now northwest of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province). In April, the Han army climbed Longshan along the Weibei Plain and attacked Tommy Tam, which was defeated. Wang Yuan followed closely. Fortunately, Ma Wu led the patrol, which enabled the Han army to retreat. Liu Wei? M Shouqi County (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), Feng Yishou? Looking for a crotch cramp? Hey? Promise? What happened to Wei Lei's plaque? What's the matter with you? Cloth? Hey? α z sheng? Are you still awake? Looking for Wu? Hey? "Worm Uighur? Would you be upset if you changed a bird's shoes? Do you want me to help you? Patella? Sheng? Is that a wolf afraid of badgers? Sheng? Gong is a small z sheng? Hey? Hey? People? What's the difference between spring and autumn? Zhu? What are you talking about? What is the salary? Are you thirsty? What happened? Hey? Z sheng? Fresh and tired? What is the origin of family? Han? Tired? this