· Yuelu Academy, one of the four major academies in ancient China
On Yuelu Mountain, among the clear streams and lush forests, there is an elegant thousand-year-old courtyard with dense green houses and numb houses. , there is a couplet hanging in front of the gate, which says, "Only Chu has talents, and it is prosperous here." This is the Yuelu Academy, which was formally founded by Zhu Dong, the prefect of Tanzhou in the ninth year of Kaibao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty, on the basis of a school run by monks.
This golden cultural sign that has made Hunan people proud for hundreds of years may seem too complacent to outsiders, but if you look at historical data, you will silently admit that this quiet courtyard is really There is such capital. Since the Qing Dynasty alone, the academy has trained more than 17,000 students, including Tao Shu, Wei Yuan, Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Guo Songtao, Tang Cichang, Shen Xin, Yang Changji, Cheng Qian, etc., who is not a first-class outstanding figure? ?
· Bailudong Academy, one of the four major academies in ancient China
During the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bo from Luoyang and his brother Li She lived in seclusion here to study and raise a white deer for their own entertainment. This deer has good human nature and often follows around, and can travel dozens of miles to Xingzi County to buy back all the books, paper, pens, ink, etc. that the owner wants to buy. Therefore, Li Bo was called Mr. Bailu at that time, and his residence was called Bailu. Deer Cave. Later, when Li Bo was appointed as the governor of Jiangzhou, he built a pavilion at the former site of the reading platform. During the Shengyuan period of the Southern Tang Dynasty, a school was established here, called "Lushan Chinese Studies", which was the predecessor of Bailudong Academy.
At its peak, Bailudong Academy had more than 360 buildings. It has been built and abandoned many times. Today, there are still the Ritual Temple, Yushu Pavilion, Zhuzi Temple, etc. In the academy, large and small courtyards intersect in an orderly manner; pavilions, pavilions and pavilions are simple and elegant; beautiful flowers and trees have different postures; and poems and couplets can be found everywhere. This fully reflects the characteristics of ancient academies in studying classics and history, asking questions, composing poems and couplets, and dancing and writing.
·Songyang Academy, one of the four major academies in ancient China
Songyang Academy, formerly known as Songyang Temple, is located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, 2.5 kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, backed by the mountains Ji Peak, facing the Shuangxi River, is named because it is located in the sunshine of Songshan Mountain. Songyang Academy is a famous institution of higher learning in ancient China, famous for its Neo-Confucianism in history. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, masters of Confucianism from the Luo School of Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, gathered here to give lectures, which made the academy famous. Famous Confucian scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty such as Sima Guang, Fan Zhongyan, Han Wei, Li Gang, Zhu Xi, Lu Hui, etc. also gave lectures here. Songyang Academy has always been an important holy place for the spread of Confucianism.
In ancient times, Songyang Academy did not simply refer to a courtyard, but was composed of a main courtyard and multiple surrounding individual building groups, with a relatively wide geographical distribution. Generally speaking, in addition to the Songyang Academy buildings we see today, the more famous buildings belonging to the academy include Tianguang Yunying Pavilion, Guanlan Pavilion, and Chuanshang Pavilion located in the Dieshi River in the Xiaoyao Valley northeast of Songyang Academy. And the Songyang Academy Villa-Junzi Pavilion located at the west foot of Hutou Peak in Taishi Mountain; the Renzhi Pavilion in the south of Sangong Heather in Qixing Ridge under Yuzhu Peak in the northwest of the Academy and other buildings.
· Yingtian Academy, one of the four major academies in ancient China
The predecessor of Yingtian Academy was a private school run by Yang Cui in the Later Jin Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty regime opened courses to recruit scholars, and the talents of Yingtian Academy Out of the hundreds of students, there were as many as fifty or sixty who passed the imperial examination. In 1009, Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty officially awarded the academy the title of "Yingtianfu Academy". During the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, in 1043, the Yingtian Academy was renamed the Nanjing Imperial College, making it one of the highest academic institutions in the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, with the support of Yingtian magistrate, famous writer Yan Shu and others, the academy expanded greatly. The famous politician and writer Fan Zhongyan and a number of famous teachers taught here, which was very prosperous for a while.