Language and customs are the accumulation and carrier of traditional culture. The same language will give people a strong sense of identity and cohesion, which will undoubtedly have a practical impact on administrative divisions. For example, we often hear the saying that northerners hold groups, which is due to the fact that they are close to the language of the northern region.
Third, the principle of "implementation"
Based on the above three principles and referring to the previous research results, the author also tries to discuss the scheme of administrative division reform in China.
1, about large areas.
In the early days of the People's Republic of China, China established six administrative regions: North China, Northeast China, East China, South China, Southwest China and West China.
Northern administrative region. During the period of 1949- 1952, the six administrative regions were not only the agencies of the central government, but also the local organs of political power at or above the provincial level; During the period of 1952- 1954, it only existed as an institution of the central government; After 1954, all six administrative districts were abolished. Although the six administrative regions have not existed for a long time, they are still influential until now, and there are still a large number of institutions named after the six administrative regions, which shows that regional differences and intra-regional cooperation in China exist objectively. The reform of administrative divisions should be considered. But does this mean the restoration of six administrative regions? The author disagrees with some scholars. The scholar thinks that at present, China's central government directly manages 3 1 provincial administrative divisions, which is too large, and Premier the State Council needs to coordinate too many relationships. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is best to set up large administrative divisions again. Specifically, six are more suitable, namely: North China, Northeast China, East China, South China, Central China and West China. The author thinks that although this idea solves the problem that the scope of administrative division should be moderate, its shortcomings are also very obvious: first, it may conflict with the unitary state structure and bring new and even big problems that may affect national unity; Secondly, it runs counter to the view that most people in China unanimously advocate lowering the level of zoning.
Therefore, the author thinks that we can consider combining the current situation of China and learn from foreign experience reasonably. France is a unitary country with a long tradition of centralization, which is a good reference. There are also large regions in France, but the large regions in France refer to economic regions, which are gradually formed by the central ministries according to their own administrative work and economic development needs. In France, several provinces generally form a large region. At present, there are 22 regions in * * *. The author thinks that China can also implement the economic regional system with legal status, which is in line with the current situation of China cooperation and will not bring more local organizational systems.
The establishment of large regions takes economic factors as the core, respects the original tradition of inter-regional exchanges and cooperation, and does not have to be completely consistent with administrative divisions. Specifically set up seven economic regions, namely North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China and Northwest China. North China Economic Zone, with the former North China Administrative Region as the main body, includes Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and northwest Shandong. Considering the strategy of western development, Inner Mongolia is divided into northwest economic zone, with Tianjin as the economic center and Jinan, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang as the sub-centers. The Northeast Economic Zone is the area under the jurisdiction of the former Northeast Administrative Region, namely the three northeastern provinces. The economic center of this region is Dalian, and the sub-centers are Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin. East China Economic Zone includes the Yellow Sea coast in Shandong and the southern area near Xuzhou in Jiangsu, the area near Nanjing in the south of Hefei in Anhui, and the area near Zhejiang in the northeast of Jiangxi to the east of Zhejiang, Fujian and Poyang Lake. The economic center of this region is Shanghai, and the sub-centers are Qingdao, Xuzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Xiamen. Central China Economic Zone includes Henan and Hubei, the area north of Hengyang, Hunan, the areas near Henan and Hubei, Anhui, and the areas near Hubei, west of Nanchang, Jiangxi. The economic center of this area is Wuhan, followed by Zhengzhou, Changsha, Nanchang, Yichang and Nanyang. South China Economic Zone includes the southern region south of Hengyang, Hunan, southwestern Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. The economic center of this region is Guangzhou, followed by Nanning, Haikou, Shenzhen, Hengyang and Ganzhou. The Southwest Economic Zone is the area under the jurisdiction of the former Southwest Administrative Region, including Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet. The economic center of this region is Chongqing, and the sub-centers are Chengdu, Kunming and Guiyang. Northwest Economic Zone includes Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, with Xi 'an as the economic center and Lanlubao as the sub-center. There is also a historical principle in the principle of administrative division, but this principle has not been emphasized enough. In the past, when we did division, it seemed too casual and didn't really reflect this principle. For example, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the adjustment of municipalities directly under the Central Government and a few provinces was very random. Among the three local organizational systems in China, the county has the longest history, and the earliest county is Qin (non-Qin). In 688 BC, Qin established Du and Zheng counties. Moreover, the county organizational system has the characteristics of super stability in China. The Yuan Dynasty established provinces. The Yuan Dynasty was divided into one province directly under Zhongshu and ten provinces with Zhongshu, namely Lingbei, Liaoyang, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang, Yunnan, Sichuan and Gansu. In the Ming Dynasty, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Huguang, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian and North and South Zhili provinces were established. In Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan was divided into Jiangsu and Anhui, Shaanxi was divided into Shaanxi and Gansu, and Huguang was divided into Hubei and Hunan. Together with 15 in the Ming dynasty, it is called "eighteen provinces in the mainland". In addition, Taiwan Province Province, three northeastern provinces and Xinjiang Province were established; In addition, there are provincial units such as Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Qinghai. In contrast, the history of a city is the shortest in China, and it was not built until the Republic of China. Based on the history of such a local organizational system, when we reform administrative divisions, we should keep the county system, not just counties and cities. At the same time, provinces and cities, especially cities, can make major constitutional and historical adjustments.
Language and customs are the accumulation and carrier of traditional culture. The same language will give people a strong sense of identity and cohesion, which will undoubtedly have a practical impact on administrative divisions. For example, we often hear the saying that northerners hold groups, which is due to the fact that they are close to the language of the northern region.
Third, the principle of "implementation"
Based on the above three principles and referring to the previous research results, the author also tries to discuss the scheme of administrative division reform in China.
1, about large areas.
In the early days of the People's Republic of China, China established six administrative regions: North China, Northeast China, East China, South China, Southwest China and West China.
Northern administrative region. During the period of 1949- 1952, the six administrative regions were not only the agencies of the central government, but also the local organs of political power at or above the provincial level; During the period of 1952- 1954, it only existed as an institution of the central government; After 1954, all six administrative districts were abolished. Although the six administrative regions have not existed for a long time, they are still influential until now, and there are still a large number of institutions named after the six administrative regions, which shows that regional differences and intra-regional cooperation in China exist objectively. The reform of administrative divisions should be considered. But does this mean the restoration of six administrative regions? The author disagrees with some scholars. The scholar thinks that at present, China's central government directly manages 3 1 provincial administrative divisions, which is too large, and Premier the State Council needs to coordinate too many relationships. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is best to set up large administrative divisions again. Specifically, six are more suitable, namely: North China, Northeast China, East China, South China, Central China and West China. The author thinks that although this idea solves the problem that the scope of administrative division should be moderate, its shortcomings are also very obvious: first, it may conflict with the unitary state structure and bring new and even big problems that may affect national unity; Secondly, it runs counter to the view that most people in China unanimously advocate lowering the level of zoning.
Therefore, the author thinks that we can consider combining the current situation of China and learn from foreign experience reasonably. France is a unitary country with a long tradition of centralization, which is a good reference. There are also large regions in France, but the large regions in France refer to economic regions, which are gradually formed by the central ministries according to their own administrative work and economic development needs. In France, several provinces generally form a large region. At present, there are 22 regions in * * *. The author thinks that China can also implement the economic regional system with legal status, which is in line with the cooperation status of China and will not bring more local organizational systems.
The establishment of large regions takes economic factors as the core, respects the original tradition of inter-regional exchanges and cooperation, and does not have to be completely consistent with administrative divisions. Specifically set up seven economic regions, namely North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China and Northwest China. North China Economic Zone, with the former North China Administrative Region as the main body, includes Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and northwest Shandong. Considering the strategy of western development, Inner Mongolia is divided into northwest economic zone, with Tianjin as the economic center and Jinan, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang as the sub-centers. The Northeast Economic Zone is the area under the jurisdiction of the former Northeast Administrative Region, namely the three northeastern provinces. The economic center of this region is Dalian, and the sub-centers are Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin. East China Economic Zone includes the Yellow Sea coast in Shandong and the southern area near Xuzhou in Jiangsu, the area near Nanjing in the south of Hefei in Anhui, and the area near Zhejiang in the northeast of Jiangxi to the east of Zhejiang, Fujian and Poyang Lake. The economic center of this region is Shanghai, and the sub-centers are Qingdao, Xuzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Xiamen. Central China Economic Zone includes Henan and Hubei, the area north of Hengyang, Hunan, the areas near Henan and Hubei, Anhui, and the areas near Hubei, west of Nanchang, Jiangxi. The economic center of this area is Wuhan, followed by Zhengzhou, Changsha, Nanchang, Yichang and Nanyang. South China Economic Zone includes the southern region south of Hengyang, Hunan, southwestern Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. The economic center of this region is Guangzhou, followed by Nanning, Haikou, Shenzhen, Hengyang and Ganzhou. The Southwest Economic Zone is the area under the jurisdiction of the former Southwest Administrative Region, including Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet. The economic center of this region is Chongqing, and the sub-centers are Chengdu, Kunming and Guiyang. Northwest Economic Zone includes Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, with Xi 'an as the economic center and Lanlubao as the sub-center.