In the history of Taoism, it is divided into five schools because of the different sources of "Taoist inheritance": Zhang Jiyu, vice president of the Chinese Taoist Association and member of the 11th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). Vice President all-china youth federation.
Zhang Jintao: presided over by Master Tian, deputy to the National People's Congress.
Zhang Jinhua: Dean of the World Yijing Feng Shui Research Institute and designer of Guixi County emblem. According to Yuan Shi? "Shi Lao Zhi" records: "The teacher of Zhengtian began in Zhang Daoling in Han Dynasty, and later lived in Longhu Mountain for four generations. According to legend, it was performed in the 36th generation. In the 13th year of Zhiyuan (A.D. 1276), sai-jo had leveled the south of the Yangtze River and sent envoys to summon it. To serve the court minister and be a guest. Specially given Yu Lian crown, gold seamless clothes, ordered the Lord to lead Jiangnan Taoism, but still gave silver seal ... Later generations inherited Jiangnan Taoism and led the three mountains. " This is the beginning of Zhang Tianshi's fame as a "real person" in Longhu Mountain. Tong Jian?' An investigation said, "Yuan Shizu made Zhang Zongyan the heir of the Han Dynasty, acting as a Taoist spirit and a real person." This is the beginning of Zhang hereditary. According to the Biography of Emperor Chengzong since the Yuan Dynasty, in the eighth year of Yuan Chengzong Dade (AD 1304), Zhang Yucai, the second son of Zhang Zongyan (the 38th generation of Shi Tian), was named "the patriarch of Zhengyi School, in charge of Sanshan". From then on, "Shitiandao" was also called justice drive and justice drive.
"Ming history? The Biography of Ji Fang says that most orthodox Taoist priests "hold runes and pray for rain to drive away ghosts". "Generally speaking, Zheng Yi is mainly engaged in fasting in Fuan. Because Taoism is divided into different sects, He Zaoshan mainly preaches the Ge Xuan Lingbao Fazuo, which is called Lingbao School. Longhushan preached the Zhang Daoling law, calling it Zhengyi School; Xu Jingyang's law, namely Jing Ming School, was circulated in Jiangxi. These three factions later came together. In the seventh year of Jin Shizong Dading (A.D. 1 167), Wang Sou (Chongyang) went to Ninghai, Shandong Province to set up Quanzhen Temple and founded Quanzhen Religion. His teachings advocate the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Wang Zhongyang said, "The three religions are righteous, so they can be one family", "Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are interlinked, and the three religions have always been one family", "Since Buddhism and Taoism are one family, there is no difference in appearance and reason", and he taught his disciples to satirize the teachings of the Classic of Filial Piety, the Classic of Heart and the Classic of Virtue: they don't marry wives and concubines, they don't eat adulterers, they become monks, and they usually live in.
More than 90 years before Wang Zhongyang founded Quanzhen Daoism, that is, in the eighth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (BC 1075), Zhang Boduan, the Taoist priest of Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang Province, wrote "Five True Chapters" according to the principle of supernatural powers, and established a school of self-cultivation.
Because Wang Zhongyang's Quanzhen Taoism and Zhang Boduan's Dante School are re-cultivated; They are all based on Donghua Shaoyang, Wang Jun, Fu Xuan, Zhong Liquan and Lv Yan; Because Wang Zhongyang School started in the north, Zhang Boduan School started in the south, Wang Zhongyang Quanzhen Road was called the northern Sect of Dante School, and Zhang Ziyang School was called the southern Sect of Dante School. According to the Ming Dynasty's printed book "More than Three Pens", it is recorded that "Nanzong, that is, Donghua Shaoyang learned the way to teach, teach, teach scholars in the Tang Dynasty, teach the Song Dynasty, teach Shitai, teach Xue Daoguang, teach Daoguang Joy Chen, teach Nan, and teach Yuchan Peng Ji. Its northern disciple called Yan Lu to give Wang Zhongyang a prize and Chongyang to give seven disciples (that is, seven northern truths).
Quanzhen School developed many schools after Yuan Dynasty, among which the Dragon School founded by Yuan Qiu Chuji (calling himself Changchun Zi) was the most prosperous. Qiu Changchun, a native of Qixia, Shandong Province, joined Quanzhen Sect at the age of 19 and studied under Wang Zhongyang. Genghis Khan was in the snow-capped mountains. He sent messengers to ask. Qiu Changchun was ordered to travel more than 10,000 miles and reached the Snow Mountain in four years. Genghis Khan asked the method of longevity and told him to abstain from sex. The way to seek peace is to stop killing. Genghis Khan was respected and called a fairy, but he sent messengers to return it. Later, he repeatedly praised Qiu Changchun for being in charge of "a good monk who should be in the world." Because Qiu Changchun was valued by the imperial court and had great social influence, Longmen School had more followers in the Yuan Dynasty. The real name is Taoism. The founder was Liu Deren, a native of Cangzhou during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty. JiLan said to TongJian:
The real Taoist started with the establishment of the Taoist in Liu Deren in the Jin Dynasty. It teaches people to act in a dangerous way, but it is not taken from others, nor is it wasted on others. Five spread to Li Xicheng, lived in Tianbao Palace, Yancheng, knew Xianzong, and sealed it as the true way. I want to tell you that I am so mysterious.
Liu Deren,No.No.No. Youzi, is from Leling, Cangzhou. Born in the fourth year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 122). At the age of six, he suffered the Jingkang Revolution (A.D.1126-1127) when Qin Zong was captured by the Jin people at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and moved to Taiping Township in Yanshan with his family. After two years (1 142), he was twenty-one years old and founded "Great Taoism" in the name of the old gentleman. According to the "Book Personnel" of the Fifth Five-Year Plan of the Song Anthology, "In November of the second year of Jin Dynasty, it was like a dream. An old man with a white beard arrived in a green calf car and said goodbye mysteriously. I didn't know what to do." He also said, "One morning, an old man passed by in a cart, saying that he wanted to teach the Tao Te Ching, saying,' If you know what it is, you can cultivate yourself and turn people into people', so he took the pen and left." There are nine teachings: "First, treat things as your own, and don't be angry; Second, loyalty to the monarch, filial piety, honesty, no words, no evil words; Third, besides prostitution, keep quiet; Fourth, distant troops, poor and humble, plow and eat, live within their means; Fifth, don't play games, don't learn to steal; Sixth, don't drink, eat and drink enough, and don't be arrogant; Seventh, be open-minded and share dust with the light; Eight words are not contradictory and strong, humble and light; Nine said that knowing is not humiliating, knowing is not dangerous. " (ditto) Taoism advocates "simplicity, less thinking and less desire, modesty and honesty, and saving your strength." (Du Yuan Chengyuan, "Rebuilding the First Tiangong") As for "the art of flying the refining device, I don't know the long-term vision." (Yuan Zhao Linqing's "Avenue Guanbei") But he is also engaged in driving foxes for others and illegally recruiting ghosts and gods. According to the Records of Personnel in Serina Liu, in the fifteenth year of Jin Dading (1 175), Liu Deren was called to stay in Yanjing for a long time, and was named as a real person of Dongyue, which made Taoism spread more widely. "People preach Taoism all over China." Liu Deren died in the twentieth year of Dading (1 180) and taught for thirty-eight years. The Taoist school spread to Li Xicheng from the Fifth Movement, which Yuan Xianzong called the "true Tao", and from the Sixth Movement to Sun Defu. In the fifth year of Zhiyuan (AD 1269), the imperial edict ruled the "True Avenue". Eight spread to yue, and its teaching was more prosperous. Its teaching remained unchanged until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and gradually declined and finally disappeared after the Yuan Dynasty. It was founded by Xiao Baozhen, a native of Weizhou (now Jixian County, Henan Province) during the reign of Tian Juan, Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty (1138-140). It was named "Taiyi" because it taught the technique of "Taiyi Ternary Buddhism". Quan Zhen Dao and Zhen Da Dao don't pay much attention to spells, but Tai Jia is famous for spells, which is quite close to Shi Tian Dao. Advocating to cultivate one's morality with Laozi's learning, and to rule the world with the skill of witchcraft and wish. Wang E's "Rebuilding the Monument of Taiyi Guangfu Wanshou Palace" said: "At the beginning, the real person gained the Tao, that is, giving secrets to help others and praying for silence, which was not proved. At the beginning of the day, its method was great. " On June 1st, Wang Yuan wrote an inscription in Qiuxi Collection, saying, "Those who accept disciples from far away have no worries for a thousand years." It serves to show that there were so many people who believed too much at that time. In the eighth year of Xizong (1 148), Xiao Baozhen was sent to Que, and he paid a courtesy visit. Some people use "Tai Wanshou" to describe his residence. In the second year of Yuan Xianzong (A.D. 1252), Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu was not formally enthroned, and Xiao Baozhen was named as an "enlightened person". Xiao Baozhen has been teaching for thirty years. Jin Dading died in the sixth year (AD 1252).
After Xiao Baozhen's death, he was still attacked by disciple Han Daoxi, so he was also named Xiao Daoxi. In the ninth year of Jin Dading (A.D. 1 169), Jin Shizong erected a "longevity" monument in the pass. There are tens of thousands of people in Taiyi (Qiuxiji, No.47, Liangzuxing), and its distribution area is "spreading eastward to the sea" (ibid.). Too many heirs have plot targets, and all heirs change their surnames to Xiao, that is, they take the surnames of their ancestors as their surnames. After these four stories reached Xiao Baozhen, Sun helped to hire him (Autumn Creek Collection March 8th Qing Palace Story) by "loading the car" and gave him the title of "Zhonghe Zhenren". Five to xiao (surnamed li), "yuan history? Shi Laozhi said, "In the eleventh year of Zhiyuan (1274), both of them built Taiyi Palace, ordered it to live there for a long time, and led the temple affairs. In the thirteenth year (1276), they offered sacrifices to six priests and gave Taiyi a master seal. "Too YiLiu belongs to Xiao Quanyou (real name Li), and seven belongs to Xiao Tianyou (real name Cai). His teaching of the Taiding Room of Emperor Taiding and Sun timur (A.D. 1324- 1328) in Yuan Dynasty is still enduring. But then it gradually declined and eventually disappeared. Also known as Jingming Zhongxiao. This road is distributed in Shaoxing, Gaozong, Southern Song Dynasty (1131-162). He, a Taoist priest of Yulong Wanshou Palace in Xishan, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, used Xu Zhenjun's excuse to give him "flying immortals, measuring people, being clear and loyal to filial piety", and "Qingming Dafa" began to be implemented in the world. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, there was a Taoist named Liu Yuqing. After sorting out the teaching method of "Pure Ming Method", he produced the Complete Book of Pure Ming, Loyalty and Filial Piety, which formally formed the way of pure Ming. This Taoist school takes Xu Jingyang (Xun) as its ancestor. Teaching focuses on exorcising evil spirits with spells, fasting, cultivating immortals and educating people. This Taoist school spread in the south of the Yangtze River, which had a great influence during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and then gradually declined.
Quanzhen religion and justice tribe
The five schools above Quanzhen Road, Zhenzhen Road and Taiyi Road rose northward; Just Road, King Ming Dow flourished in the south. True Avenue, Taiyi Road and Jingming Road are long gone. Since the Ming Dynasty, Taoism has been divided into Quanzhen School and Zhengyi School-Liangpai School, and all other tribes belong to these two schools. There are many Quanzhen tribes, the main ones are:
(A) Five Ancestors School: namely
Wang, the Donghua emperor respected by Taoism, sealed Shaoyang and preached Shaoyang School;
Li Zhongdi Zhong Liquan (word cloud room), named Zhengyang, passed Zhengyang School;
Yan Lu (Dong Bin), Emperor of Chunyang, sealed Chunyang and spread Chunyang School;
Cao Liu (word Zongcheng), the founder of Haichan, was influenced by Li Zhong, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and spread the school of six ancestors of Haichan;
Wang Sou, founder of Chongyang, was named Chongyang and inherited Chongyang School.
(B) Beiqizhen School: namely
Qiu Chuji, whose name is Changchun, is known as Quanzhen Dragon School;
Liu Chuxuan, the immortal, spread the truth with Shanpai;
Tan Chuduan, the number is long and true, and the whole truth is Namo pie;
Ma Yu,no. Danyang, is a fairy school that welcomes the whole truth;
Hao Datong,No. Guangning, was admitted to Quanzhen Huashan School;
Wang Chuyi, named Yuyang, preached the Quanzhen Lushan School;
Sun Buer (Kun Dao), quiet and scattered, fax and quiet school.
(3) Ziyang School of the Southern Five Ancestors; namely
Zhang Ziyang (Duan Bo) preached Ziyang School.
Shi Xinglin is the second generation founder.
Xue Daoguang is the third generation founder.
Chen Niwan is the fourth generation founder.
Bai Yuchan is the fifth generation founder.
There are also many Orthodox tribes, mainly including:
(1) the fame and fortune of the great Mao Zhenjun were passed down to the Qing dynasty;
(2) the school advocated by Zhang;
(3) Xu Zhenjun passed on Jing Ming School;
(4) Zhenwu Xuanwu School. Taoist classics and rituals are divided into three old schools, also known as Sanshan Fu You, which always belong to orthodox schools.
(5) Chen Tuan Bodhi Old Huashan School, also known as (Chen's Kanyu School).