The ancient building complex of Wubaotian Village was discovered in the third national survey of immovable cultural relics in 2008. It was declared as a national historical and cultural village in 20 10, and was declared as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit by the Hunan Provincial People's Government in 2010/year.
Wubaotian Village was moved from Huangxikou to Wubaotian Village by Xiao Zongan and his family during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. It has a history of more than 300 years.
Ancient people were very particular about site selection. According to geomantic omen, Wubaotian is built by mountains and rivers, with Long Mai as its back and Daiyu River as its face. The terrain of Wubaotian is net-shaped, and the fish in Qianxi are "fish in the net". If there are "fish", the money is more than meters, so the ancestors of Xiao chose to settle here. I hope Xiao family will prosper forever. Because there are five small earthen bags shaped like "gold ingots" in the field in front of the village, they were renamed Wubaotian one by one.
Wubaotian Village is mainly composed of old courtyard area, mausoleum villa, farming and reading area and new courtyard area. Let's follow me into Wubaotian Village and feel the carrier and inheritance of the cultural heritage of Wubaotian Village for hundreds of years.
Introduction of scenic spots
Laoyuanzi district
Now you see an old tree in front of the village. Have you found any ancient trees in front of the ancient village and ancient bridges at the end of the village? I wonder if anyone knows why? Because the old tree spreads its branches and leaves, it means that children and grandchildren are full and people are prosperous. The bridge at the end of the village is because the ancients thought that water is wealth, and the bridge stood on the water to stop wealth and prevent it from flowing out. Horsehead walls and waist doors are built around the old courtyard, and the inner courtyard is a barrel structure with three bays and two depths. The doorframe, lintel and pillar cornerstone of the house gate are all carved into Gankun patterns such as "Double Dragon Playing Phoenix", "Double Phoenix Facing the Sun", "Tai Chi" and "Eight Diagrams" with rich local jade and bamboo stones. The villages are arranged according to the Eight Diagrams. Eight diagrams are eight basic figures of ancient Confucianism in China. Their names are Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Hui. It symbolizes eight natural phenomena of heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountains and mountains, and is used to speculate on the changes of nature and society. The ancients thought that people were surrounded by disasters, some of which came from nature and were called "natural disasters"; Some of them are artificial and called "-". The living room is a "refuge" for people to avoid these natural disasters. Therefore, the ancestors of Wubaotian Village carved the symbol of Gankun on the doorframes of some houses in order to deter natural and man-made disasters. The doors, windows and pavilions of the wooden house in the inner courtyard are decorated with patterns such as birds, animals and flowers. It shows the ideal pursuit of the ancestors of Wubaotian village for a better material life and spiritual life. At present, the "World Mirror Qing Feng" on the forehead of this ancient building comes from Sima Qian's "Historical Records of Little Guo Xiang Family", in which it is recorded that he will live in a poor place, not for his family. Yue: "Later sages, I am frugal; If you are not virtuous, you will be taken away by the powerful family. " It is said that Xiao He, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, bought a house in a remote place and built it without repairing the wall. He explained to others: "if my descendants are talented, they will naturally follow my frugality and will not dislike the humble room and barren land I left behind;" If you have no talent, (then this kind of house) will not be taken away by powerful people. " The "_ Guodongjia" on the forehead of this building is to ask Xiao's ancestors to let their children and grandchildren spread the country and become the pillars of the country. These are some family instructions that Xiao's ancestors left to Xiao's descendants.
The waist doors built at the entrance of these ancient buildings are because Wubaotian Village is simple in folk customs and kind-hearted. It can reach the realm of "no road connection, no door closed at night".
Different times have different architectural styles. These ancient buildings in Wubaotian Village have both the traditional architectural features of China and the western architectural features. Chinese doors and windows are generally square. Like western doors and windows, they are all round or arched. Buildings with arched windows like this have this feature because of the introduction of western culture.
The drains in Laoyuanzi District are all hidden under Yuzhu slate. There are sewers all over the village to discharge sewage. These sewers are built along the wall of the embankment. Branches and ditches of each household gather together and then go down the mountain. Finally, they are discharged to the outlet of the village stream. Villagers can wet their shoes door to door. This shows the wisdom of the ancestors of Wubaotian village in the planning and construction of buildings.
Gu Jing: Built in the Qing Dynasty, they are all made of jade pillars and hidden under buildings. Clear spring water; Sweet spring water nourishes the descendants of Xiao family.
Land Temple: rebuilt in the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Land temple generally refers to the ancestral temple where people in one village or several villages worship the land god.
Land Hall: Built in Jiaqing 16 of Qing Dynasty, the land hall is a place where the land god is worshipped in a family yard. The land god originated from the worship of land ownership by the ancients. Land can produce five grains, and it is the "food and clothing parents" of human beings, so people sacrifice land.
Fubo Temple: During the reign of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan, the general of Fu Bo, was a barbarian in Xiangxi and won the trust of the people. After General Fu Bo died in Yuanling Pot Head, Fu Bo Temple was built all over western Hunan to commemorate his great achievements.
Xiao Hongliang's former residence: 1939, Xiao Hongliang, a descendant of Xiao Jia 3 1 in Wu Baotian, party member, mobilized Wu Baotian's whole family to raise 50 barrels of tung oil and bailed party member and Chen Ce, an old Red Army cadre. 1949, Xiao Hongliang returned to Wubaotian to sell his family property as a salary, thus preserving the effective force of the revolution. After the liberation of Chenxi, Xiao Hongliang served as the minister of supply department of Xiangxi column, and worked hard to support the army's military supplies and grain requisition of the Second Field Army into Sichuan. 1April, 950, Xiao Hongliang, aged 38, returned from the Yuanling Ministry of War and passed through Lanchong Village, Shawan, Qianyang. He was ambushed by bandits and died heroically because he was outnumbered.
_ Ridge Villa
_ Lingshan Villa This ancient building was built in Qing Jiaqing 18 (18 13), with an area of 550 square meters and a height of 7.2 meters. _ Mausoleum, an ancient city in China. It is said that it was named after Qu Yuan, a doctor of Chu State. "_" is the hometown of the holy king, and the mausoleum is a highland, which means "holy land". The Xiao family is a noble family in Lingxian County. It first rose when Prince Xiao was a minister in the Western Han Dynasty, and declined in the middle of more than 200 years from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. Li Ciming, a famous historian of literature and history in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote in Reading the Secretary of Yue Maotang: "The six families in the Tang Dynasty were Xingyang Zheng, Hedong Pei, Jingzhaowei, Zhaojun Li, Lingling Xiao and Boling Cui Shi." About the origin of this family, it is said that Xiao Biao, the young grandson of Xiao He, the prime minister in the early Han Dynasty. Both Nan Qi Shu and Xin Tang Shu record that Xiao Biao is the grandson of Xiao He. After being dismissed, he moved to Ling, and the Xiao family of Ling came into being. Xiao Biao's official position was in a middle school, and later he was removed from his official position and moved to Donghai _ Mausoleum. According to legend, the first celebrity in Xiao Mausoleum appeared in the fourth generation-Xiao in Sangong. This is his great-grandson and Xiao He's seventh grandson.
Villa is a place to enjoy outdoor life, and it is the second place rather than the first. Therefore, the implication of "_ Lingzhuang" on the forehead mainly reflects Xiao's high pursuit of quality of life.
Institute of Agriculture and Reading
The farm is located in the center of Wubaotian Village. It is a place where villagers recite poems and rituals after storing grain and farming, so its level is higher than other buildings in the village. The plane of the farm is courtyard-style, and the main building has five bays, with the roof resting on the top of the mountain and the corners gentle and light. The two-wing horizontal house adopts a suspended gable roof. The farm is surrounded by thick brick walls made of "369" bricks. The structure is solid and there are small stone lattice windows on the walls, which were used to resist foreign invasion in the old days. The eaves are intertwined with the volcanic walls, and they are patchy; Kisses and corners and gables are shaped like birds.
This ancient building was built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, with an area of 730 square meters and a height of 8.2 meters. The stone materials used in this building are all locally produced Yuzhu stone, and this building is the teaching and learning place for the Shaw family to uphold the ancestral training of "building a family and rejuvenating the nation". The house above the farm is used for reading, and the house below is used for storing grain as a public warehouse. Before we built the farm, we saw Feng Shui. When we decided on the house, Mr. Geography predicted:' Farms, farms, readers will become talents, and cultivators will get rich'. The main building (Baofeng Building), garden and playground of the building are used for teaching and educating people. Buildings and appliances such as barns, solar houses, straw houses, cowsheds, Sun Valley apartments and waterwheels are used for farming. The woodcarving and stone carving techniques of this building are exquisite and ingenious. Legend has it that it took more than a dozen craftsmen three years to complete. The lintel of the gate is inlaid with blue and white fine porcelain-the plaque of "Sanduo". "Sanyu" was quoted by Pei Songzhi in Wei Chaolang's Biography of Wei Dong in Song Dynasty. It says, "Winter is at leisure, night is at leisure, and rain is at leisure." It is said that a scholar wanted to learn from Dong Yu, but he refused to teach him. He only said to others, "Read it a hundred times first." Dong Yu added, "If you read more, you will naturally understand the meaning." The consultant said, "(You have a point), but I just don't have time." Dong Yu said: "It should take more than three minutes." Someone asked what "Sanyu" was. Dong Yu said: "In winter, there is not much farm work. This is the free time of the year; There is no need to work in the fields at night, which is a free time during the day; On rainy days, it is inconvenient to go out to work, and it is also a free time; " "Yu San" means to cultivate grain for one year in three years, and to cultivate grain for three years in nine years, which means to keep the house frugally in case of famine. The couplets on both sides of the gate, "One water will protect the field, and two mountains will send green", come from Mr. Shu Huyin's "On the Wall" written by Wang Anshi in the Northern Song Dynasty. Legend has it that this couplet was written by the first private school teacher on the farm. As soon as the gentleman came to Wubaotian, he was intoxicated by the pastoral beauty and natural scenery here. He saw a winding stream in front of the village, surrounded by nearly 100 acres of lush farmland; After the village, the two peaks face the courtyard, and the mountains are pine and bamboo. This is a portrayal of the beautiful scenery of Wubaotian. All kinds of birds, animals and flowers are carved on all the railings and windows of the wooden buildings in the Agricultural Reading Institute. In particular, the "Baofeng Building" with a round door in the middle of the second floor is carved with auspicious patterns such as "Magpie climbing branches" and "Wild deer with flowers" on the wooden windows on both sides of the round door. All the decorative patterns in the farm, whether stone carving or wood carving, are amazing, which not only shows the rich wealth and artistic pursuit of Xiao Xianmin, but also shows the superb skills of the ancients.
Xinyuan subzone
The new campus was built in the 1970s, and it was composed of wooden buildings with hanging feet, which was built separately from the old campus. Although it was not built for a long time, its materials and styles completely continue the characteristics of traditional architectural practices and are antique. Yao nationality is a mountainous nationality, and its dwellings are often built by mountains and rivers. Its masterpiece is the diaojiao building where man and nature live in harmony. Yao Jia Diaojiao Building is "Skillfully adapted". According to the practicality and environmental characteristics, Yao people strengthen their architectural character and freely choose the terrain with convenient firewood and water and beautiful scenery. The building is warm in winter and cool in summer, not dry and humid, and the air is fresh. It is the best residence for Yaoshan people. These diaojiao buildings are integrated into the embrace of nature, infecting people with harmonious, unified and seamless connotation beauty.
Yao custom culture
They have lived in Yaoxiang for hundreds of years, and formed their own unique rural customs, such as double suona, overlord whip, singing big dramas and unique local food culture, such as hairy dog meat, blood duck, green vegetable tadpoles, fried grasshoppers and burned four-legged snakes. Every October's "Wang Pan Festival" and every October's "Wang Pan Festival", the houses in the village should be cleaned, and men, women and children should dress up and put on festive costumes. First of all, we should sacrifice to Wang Pan, sing praises to Wang Pan, dance with the yellow mud for a long time, remember the exploits of our ancestors and sing praises to their heroic struggle spirit. Secondly, celebrate the harvest and reward the king. Before the spring, every household in Yaoxiang should worship the "King Gaopo". According to legend, Yao people rushed to Gaopotang surrounded by officers and men, and there was no way to escape. They will be wiped out when they see it, but they see one foot on a high slope and the other foot falling into the river to wash their feet. When the government troops saw it, they fled one after another, and the Yao people were saved. To thank the giant for saving their lives, they called it Gaopo.
Concluding remarks
The ancient building complex in Wubaotian Village is an outstanding representative of ancient buildings in western Hunan, which embodies the wisdom and superb skills of ancestors and also contains great moral and cultural values. The Agricultural College has played an important role in improving the comprehensive quality of the descendants of Wu Bao Tian Xiao. Although the ancestors of the Shaw family have left us in the past, leaving behind ancestral teachings such as "three reds and three reds", "being a teacher and frugal" and "Guo Dongjia", they have been shining in Yaoxiang for a long time. I read this couplet and also read the realm of "harmony between man and nature" in Wubaotian Village. "_ Lingshan Villa" shows the glorious history of the Xiao family. The new courtyard confirmed Xiao's descendants' inheritance of traditional architectural techniques. Wubaotian Village bears the traditional family system and cultural concept of China. These ancient buildings describe the living concept and dignity of Xiao ancestors.
Wubaotian village: Wubaotian village