Address: 20km northwest of Baoding, Hebei, southwest of Mancheng County 1.5km, east slope of Lingshan main peak.
Brief introduction of scenic spots of Han tombs in Mancheng;
The Han Tomb in Mancheng is famous for its unearthed gold and jade clothes. It is the tomb of Liu Sheng, Zhongshan King of the Western Han Dynasty, and his wife Dou Wan. Located at the east slope of Lingshan, 20km northwest of Baoding and 1.5km southwest of Mancheng County. Lingshan is an isolated mountain at an altitude of 235.8 meters, with Taihang Mountain in the northwest and plain in the southeast. This city has a long history, with the charm of Qin and Han Dynasties and the legacy of Tang and Song Dynasties. 1988 was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
1968 In May, a certain unit of the People's Liberation Army was working on Lingshan and stumbled upon the passage of this Han tomb. On the instruction of Premier Zhou Enlai, the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences and the Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Team excavated it. Guo Moruo, a famous archaeologist, made a special trip to study and determined that it was the tomb of Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan Jing in the Western Han Dynasty. Later, the tomb of his wife, Dou Wan, was posted on the north side of Liu Sheng's tomb.
According to Records of Historical Records and Hanshu, Liu Sheng was the son of Liu Qi, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. In the third year of Jingdi (BC 154), Wang Jing of Zhongshan was established and reigned for 42 years. Emperor Ding Yuan died in the fourth year (BC 1 13) and was the king of Zhongshan. Therefore, the Zhongshan shogunate is also known as the tomb of Wang Jing. Dou Wan died a little later than Liu Sheng. Liu Sheng couple's tomb is a large cliff tomb, with a carved mountain as the mausoleum. The two tombs are juxtaposed in the north and south, with Liu Sheng's tomb in the south and Dou Wan's tomb in the north. Belongs to the husband and wife buried together, that is, buried in the same grave. The distance between tombs is120m, and the entrance of the tomb faces east. On the hillside in front of the tomb, there is a north-south road with a width of 6- 14 meters, which should be an artificially built uphill road when the tomb was built to bury the dead. Lingshan is the tomb of King Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty. In addition to Liu Sheng and his wife, there are 18 tombs buried with him, which are distributed on the south slope of Yuling Mountain. They are all piled up with rectangular boulders, each side is 15 meters long and 4-7 meters high. There are graves under them. According to historical records, Liu Shengyou 120 people, these buried tombs should be the tombs of Liu Sheng's descendants and their families. The top of the mausoleum is covered with bricks and tiles of the Western Han Dynasty, which is the architectural relic enshrined in Zhongshan Temple.
Mancheng Han Tomb is located halfway up the mountain on the east side of Lingshan main peak, which was called Fenghuang Mountain in ancient times. It consists of three connected peaks, the main peak is located in the middle, and the peaks on both sides are located on the east side of the main peak. The north and south ends are symmetrical and arranged in a zigzag shape, just like a fauteuil chair from west to east. Looking at the west like a fairy turtle exploring the sea, looking at the south like a phoenix spreading its wings, and looking at the east like a cancer lying on its back, perhaps because of the "feng shui", Liu Bei, the thirteenth great-grandson of Liu Sheng, finally became the Emperor of Shu Han with the trend of "three pillars".
Liu Sheng Tomb and Dou Wan Tomb are located on the east slope of the main peak. The two tombs are juxtaposed in the north and south, with the entrance facing east, about 120 meters apart. There is an ancient road with a width of 6- 14 meters from north to south on the hillside in front of the tomb. This road should be an artificially built uphill road when building a tomb to bury the dead. In addition to the tombs of Liu Sheng and his wife, there are 18 small tombs on Lingshan. Han people have the custom of burying old tombs with their descendants' relatives, so these tombs may be those of Liu Sheng's descendants and relatives. The total length of Liu Sheng Tomb is 5 1.7m, the widest point is 37.5m, the highest point is 6.8m, and the volume is about 2,700 cubic meters. The whole tomb can be divided into six parts: the entrance to the tomb, the tunnel, the south wing, the north wing, the middle wing and the back wing. Judging from the structure of the whole tomb, this tomb is carefully designed, with arduous projects and large scale. After the tomb cave is dug, wooden tile houses or slate houses will be built in different caves to form a luxurious underground camp with a large number of funerary objects. The tunnel and the south wing are chariots and horses, with practical chariots and horses and dogs and deer. The North Ear Room mainly stores pottery, symbolizing warehouses and mills for storing food and drinks. The middle room is a spacious hall, which contains a large number of copper, pottery, iron, gold, silver, jade, lacquerware, curtains, figurines, five baht and so on. The back room is the back room. Besides coffins, there are copper, iron, jade, lacquerware, figurines and coins.
The tomb was cut out of rock. Liu Sheng's Tomb (also known as Wang Jing's Tomb) is 5 1.7m in length, 37.5m in width, 6.8m in height and 2,700 cubic meters in volume. The structure of the mausoleum is carefully designed. The top of the tomb is arched and the wall of the tomb is curved. This structure ensures that the Han tombs are well preserved so far. The layout of the tomb completely imitates the palace building on the ground, and consists of the tomb, the passage, the south ear room (carriage room), the north ear room (warehouse), the middle room (front hall for feasting) and the back room (coffin and bathroom). Judging from the unearthed situation, the tunnels, south ear chambers, north ear chambers and middle chambers of Liu Sheng's tomb, as well as the middle chamber of Dou Wan's tomb, were originally built with tile roof wood in caves, but later collapsed due to wood decay. The back room of the two tombs is a stone room, and the main room and side room are built in caves with slate. The main room symbolizes the inner bedroom, with a coffin bed paved with white marble and a coffin on it. The small side room on the south side of the main room symbolizes the bathroom. There is a complete drainage system in the tomb. Douwan Tomb is roughly the same as Liu Sheng Tomb, with a total length of 49.7 meters, a width of 65 meters, a height of 7.9 meters and a volume of 3,000 cubic meters. The entrance of Liu Sheng's tomb is sealed with adobe, and Douwan's tomb is sealed with brick. Between the brick wall and the adobe wall, molten iron is poured to form an iron wall, which is tightly sealed.
A total of gold, silver, copper, iron, jade, pottery, lacquer and other artifacts were unearthed from the two tombs, and silk, silver bird sealed cans, medical gold needles and other cultural relics 10633 pieces were unearthed, among which more than 4,000 pieces were of high cultural value, especially gold jade clothes, long letter palace lanterns and scattered Jinboshan stoves.
The two complete sets of gold and jade clothes of the owner of the gold and jade clothes tomb are the first major discovery in China. Clothes are made of jade pieces, which are woven with gold thread. Golden wisps of jade clothes are the burial clothes of emperors and senior nobles in Han Dynasty after their death. According to different feudal grades, jade clothes are divided into gold, silver and bronze carvings, with gold thread as the highest grade. According to the Book of Rites, the emperor's jade clothes were made of gold thread. Princes, princes, first nobles and princesses use silver strands; The dignitaries and princess royal both died with copper wire. Liu Sheng's jade clothes are1.88m long, with 2,498 jade pieces and gold thread of about1100g, which are divided into five parts: noodles, gowns, pants, gloves and shoes. Dou Wanyu's clothing length is1.72m, jade pieces are 2 160, and gold wire is about 700g, with the same structure.
Changxin Palace Lantern unearthed from the tomb of Changxin Palace Lantern is a rare ancient art treasure. 48 cm high, gold plated. The design of the lamp is exquisite, and the maids are lifelike. A lamp is a maid-in-waiting kneeling with a lamp. Holding the lamp tray in his left hand, the cuff of his right arm hangs like a lampshade. By turning the lamp board with a short handle, the lampshade on the board can be opened and closed, and the brightness and irradiation direction can be adjusted as needed. The smoke emitted by the lamp can enter the body through the right arm of the maid-in-waiting and adhere to the body cavity to keep the room clean. Every part of the lamp is not only a perfect whole, but also detachable and easy to clean. There are 65 words engraved on the lamp.
Cuojin Boshan furnace unearthed from Cuojin Boshan furnace tomb is a fuming furnace with a height of 26 cm, and the whole body is decorated with exquisite gold thread. When spices are put into the fire, smoke will pass through many small holes in the furnace cover, curl up and spread indoors. The furnace cover is high and pointed, and it is cast in the shape of overlapping mountains to symbolize Boshan in the sea, so it is called Boshan Furnace. The exquisite craftsmanship is rare in the world.
There are a large number of cultural relics unearthed from Han tombs in Mancheng, with high grade and high scientific and technological value and technological value. The excavation of Han tombs in Mancheng (including 8 small tombs buried with the grave on the south slope of the main peak of Lingshan 18) has provided important physical materials for the study of politics, economy, military affairs and literature and technology in the summer of the Western Han Dynasty, which fully embodies the diligence and wisdom of the ancient working people.
1July, 982, Mancheng Han Tomb was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Hebei Province. 1988 1 month, which was designated as the national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.