Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the first imperial mausoleum in China history. Its scale is large, and the funerary objects are rich, ranking first among all emperors' tombs, and it is the largest emperor's tomb. According to the principle of enjoying lush flowers and plants after the death of Qin Shihuang, the mausoleum was built in a zigzag shape, with double walls inside and outside, with an inner circumference of 3870 meters and an outer circumference of 62 10 meters. There are sleeping halls, activity halls, gardens and temples in large-scale ground buildings in the mausoleum area. According to historical records, the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is divided into two parts: the mausoleum area and the burial area. The mausoleum covers an area of nearly 8 metric units. It is built outside the city and inside the city, and its walls are octagonal. The enclosure of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor has formed three steps, the bottom is approximately square, the bottom plane or object surface is about 250,000 square meters, and the height is115m. However, due to more than 2,000 years of wind and rain erosion and man-made rolling, the bottom plane or object surface of the paddock is about120m2 and the height is 87m (another information: the initial height of the mausoleum is120m2). The total plane or object surface of the whole mausoleum is 56.25 metric area units. Building materials are shipped from Hubei, Sichuan and other places. In order to prevent the river from scouring the mausoleum, Qin Shihuang also ordered that the north-south flowing water be changed to the direction of tools.
There is 1 mound in the south of the mausoleum, which is 43 meters high. There are two rammed earth walls inside and outside. The inner city is 3890 meters in circumference and the outer city is 6249 meters in circumference. Parting means Imperial Capital and Miyagi. Between the inner city and the outer city, archaeologists made natural burial pits for horses, pottery figurines, rare birds and animals, and made sacrificial pits, stables pits, torture pits and graves of grave repairers outside the mausoleum. More than 400 tombs have been invented.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is 55.05 meters high and 2000 meters in circumference. After inquiry and visit, it was found that the surface area of the cemetery was 220,000 square meters, and there were huge palaces, pavilions and pavilions. The shape of the mausoleum is divided into two cities, inner and outer. The inner city is square, with a circumference of 2525.4 meters and an outer city of 6264 meters. The scale of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is far from comparable to that of the Egyptian pyramids.
Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the first royal mausoleum in China. Among the nearly 100 imperial tombs in China, it is famous for its large scale and rich tombs. 1956 was announced by Shaanxi provincial people's government as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit, and 196 1 was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units by the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) in. 1987, in combination with the National Education and Science and Culture Association, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Dynasty devoted itself to the list of cultural heritage protection in the field of social forms, and became the whole mankind. In 2002, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor gloriously accepted the national AAAA level donkey friend scenic spot.
The pyramids in ancient Egypt are the largest above-ground tombs in the world, and the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in China is the largest underground tomb in the world.
The Qin Dynasty is a glorious page in the history of China, and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor concentrated the highest achievements of Qin civilization. Qin Shihuang brought all the flowers and plants into the field when he was alive. The underground palace of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the focus of the mausoleum building, which is located under the mound. "Twenty-four History" records: "After three springs, the copper descended, and hundreds of officials in the palace moved to Tibet. Take metallic mercury as a hundred rivers and seas, and connect them mechanically. There are celestial bodies above, mountains and rivers below, and mermaid cream as a candle, which lasts forever. " Archaeological findings: the plane or object surface of the underground palace is about 6.5438+0.8 million square meters, and the depth of the midpoint is about 30 meters. There is a pile of earth around the mausoleum, and there are many funerals on an unprecedented scale. In addition to the well-known burial pits of military horses and bronze chariots and horses, more than 600 large-scale Shijia pits, Baixi pits, civilian burial pits and buried tombs have been discovered in the archaeological work of the Qin Mausoleum for decades, and more than 6,543,800 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed. There are many cultural relics booths in the mausoleum, showing the departmental cultural relics excavated in the Qin Mausoleum in the past 20 years. There is a waterway exhibition area to reproduce the scientific and careful drainage measures of the mausoleum in those days; I believe that with the progress of archaeological affairs, there will be more safe inventions.
Between the dignified green and the towering mausoleum, in order to let tourists feel the dignity and dignity of the king, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor staged a large-scale performance of "Reproducing the Ceremony of Honor Guard-Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum-Escort Rotation" and a clay sculpture display of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, Mausoleum and Underground Palace integrating sound, light and electricity, recreating the magnificent scene of the mysterious mausoleum more than 2,000 years ago.
Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the first imperial mausoleum in China history. It is the crystallization of China people's hard work and wisdom. It is a treasure house of history and culture. It is famous for its large scale and rich burial styles in all feudal imperial tombs.
According to the "Twenty-four History of the First Qin Emperor", the mausoleum has been dug into underground water, and the base is reinforced with copper, with long-lived materials on it ... The tomb is full of treasures. The main road in the tomb is equipped with a crossbow with an arrow for help, and people who rob the tomb will be shot dead as soon as they approach. The tomb is also filled with metallic mercury, which means rivers, lakes and oceans; The top of the tomb is inlaid with a night pearl, which means the sun, the moon and the stars; In the grave, fish oil is used to light the lamp, so that it will stay on forever. ...
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor invented the 10 gate, and the north and south gates of the interior wall are on the same central axis. The north of the mound is the middle of the tomb, and the tunnel with graves on three sides in the north of the tool leads to the tomb. There are four architectural relics on both sides of the tool, which some professionals think are part of the sleeping hall building. The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor embodies the etiquette of "death is like life", which is grand in scale, magnificent in momentum and laid out in shute.
In the middle of the cemetery palace is the place where Qin Shihuang's coffin was placed. There are more than 400 burial pits and graves around the mausoleum, with a scale of 56.25 metric units. The main tombs are bronze chariot pits, horse pits, rare birds and animals pits, stable pits and military horse figurines pits. Over the years, more than 50,000 important historical relics have been excavated. 1980, excavation personnel excavated a batch of painted bronze chariots, horses, high cars and car safety. They are the largest, most magnificent, most vivid and complete ancient bronze chariots and horses invented by China, and are known as the "crown of bronze".
Ma Rong Terracotta Warriors Pit is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is located at1500m east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. 1974 was invented by local farmers by drilling wells in spring. As a result, the treasure house buried underground for more than 2,000 years has been announced, and it is known as "the eighth largest monument in the world". It has provided very precious materials for studying the military, politics, economy, culture and science and technology in the Qin Dynasty, and has become a precious wealth of human culture in the world. At present, there are three foundation pits in Ma Rong, which are arranged in a zigzag shape from west to east. There are more than 8,000 terracotta figures and horses and more than 40,000 bronze weapons in the pit.
The pottery works in the pit are imitations of Qin Suwei's army. Nearly10,000 Tao Wei, armed with bows and arrows, bronze bows, spears and halberds, pioneers with negative crossbows, or riding horses, were divided into four services: walking, crossbow riding and riding. All the guards in the underground tunnel face east. According to drilling, * * has three burial pits, of which the No.1 pit invented by 1974 is the largest. Its tool is 230 meters long, 62 meters wide from north to south and about 5 meters deep. The promenade and the 1 1 cave make up more than 6,000 warrior figures and chariot tractors, which are the same size as real people. About 20 meters northeast of No.1 pit is No.2 pit invented by 1976 in the spring, which is another magnificent army of 1. The width of the No.2 pit is 84m from north to south, the tool length is 96m, the plane or object surface is 9216m2, and the building plane or object surface is17016m2. The second pit has a multi-service combination lineup, including infantry, chariots, cavalry and crossbowmen. To the west of No.2 pit is No.3 pit. Visitors are not allowed to visit it before 1 9891kloc-0/October1. The surface of the No.3 pit with a width of 24.5 meters from north to south and a tool length of 28.8 meters is more than 500 square meters. The third pit, speculated by relevant professionals, is considered to be the military curtain of command pit 1 and 2. In a chariot, 68 guards and weapons all live in the pit.
Since 1974, at 1.5km to the east of the mausoleum, three burial pits for military horses have been found, with zigzag arrangement, with a plane or surface size of more than 20,000 square meters, 8,000 pottery figurines and chariots unearthed and tens of thousands of weapons of all kinds. Among them, the No.1 pit is the "Right Army", which contains life-size pottery figurines and about 6,000 horses. Pit No.2 is "Zuo Jun", with over 300 terracotta figures/kloc-0 and 89 chariots. It is a 1 arc array composed of infantry, cavalry and chariots, and it is also the site of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit. There are 68 warrior figures, 1 chariot and 4 pottery horses in pit 3, which is the headquarters of the underground lion. This military formation is the epitome of Qin Jun formation. 1980, large bronze chariots and horses were excavated on the west side of the mausoleum. These terracotta warriors and horses grouped according to the military array at that time provided vivid data for studying the military style, combat style and infantry equipment of the Qin Dynasty. The invention of military horse figurines is known as "the eighth largest monument in the world" and "one of the great inventions in the archaeological history of the 20th century". As an art connecting the past and the future in the history of China sculpture, the realistic technique of Qin figurines has attracted the attention of the world. At present, the Museum of Military Horse Figurines of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum has been established in pits 1, 2 and 3, and is open to the public.
The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is one of the largest, most unique and richest royal tombs in the world. The terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum are the precious wealth of human culture in the world, which can be compared with Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek sculptures. Its invention itself is the most brilliant archaeological achievement in China in the 20th century. They fully demonstrated the artistic talent of the people of China more than 2,000 years ago and are the pride and precious wealth of the people of China. French President Jacques Chirac praised it as "the eighth largest monument in the world", which made the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor known to more people. The laurel of world cultural heritage makes Qin Shihuang's mausoleum sweeter and more brilliant.
Appendix 1:
Mausoleum project
"Qin Huang swept Liuhe, eyeing He Xiongzai and 700,000 torturers, rising to the ground."
This poem, praised everywhere, was written by Li Bai, a conceited poet. It praised the brilliant achievements of Qin Shihuang and described the majestic momentum of the construction of Lishan Mausoleum. Indeed, the magnificent mausoleum project, the number of workers used and the duration are unprecedented.
The construction of the mausoleum project accompanied Qin Shihuang's political career all his life. When he ascended the throne, he was only 13 years old, and the construction of the mausoleum began. It was not Qin Shihuang who built the tomb when the ancient emperor was alive. As early as the Warring States period, when the princes were alive, it became a common practice to build tombs. For example, Zhao Suhou's "Guarding Mausoleum in Fifteen Years", Zhongshan Mausoleum in Pingshan County was also built when he was alive. Qin Shihuang only advanced the time of establishing the mausoleum when the monarch was alive to the early stage of his accession to the throne, which was a little innovation of Qin Shihuang. The mausoleum project was built for more than 30 years, until Qin Shihuang died and the second emperor succeeded to the throne, and then it took more than a year to basically complete it.
The vertical mausoleum project can be divided into three stages. The initial stage of the mausoleum project is 26 years from the beginning of Qin Wang's accession to the throne to the unification of the world. At this stage, the design of the mausoleum project and the start of the main project were carried out one after another, and the scale and basic format of the mausoleum project were laid at the beginning. From the unification of the world to the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang, the large-scale construction of the mausoleum project took nine years. After 9 years of large-scale construction with 654.38 million people, the main project of the mausoleum was basically completed. From the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang to the next winter, the final stage of the project took more than three years. At this stage, it is mainly engaged in the finishing project of the mausoleum and the task of covering the soil. Although the mausoleum project took so long, the whole project has not been finally completed. At that time, a surging peasant uprising broke out in Peng Pai. Chen Sheng and Guangwu's Ministry heard next week that the troops quickly captured the waterfront (now near Xingfeng, Lintong County) a few miles away from the mausoleum. Faced with the trend that the mighty army approached the border and threatened Xianyang, the new emperor, who had not been tempered by the wind and rain, was frightened and called ministers to discuss countermeasures. He looked like a lost soul, down and out, and asked the ministers to "do something". At this time, the Shaofu made Zhang Han propose: "The thief soldiers have arrived, and many people are in Xinjiang. Not as close to the county seat as it is today. There are many people in Mount Li. Please forgive them and give them an army to attack them. " II immediately catered to it, and asked Zhang Han to lead a spiritual master to fight back against the insurgents in Zhou Wen. At this point, the unfinished mausoleum project had to be suspended.
In short, the 37-38-year-old mausoleum project was finally forced to stop, ranking first in the history of China mausoleum construction, and its construction time was eight years longer than that of pyramid of khufu.
Appendix II:
The legend of Qin mausoleum
Mount Li is famous for its unique scenery of Tangquanhui. At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Youwang and his favorite concubine praised him, and staged a historical tragedy here, thus ruining the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, when Qin Shihuang was alive, he met the goddess in Lishan Mountain and wanted to play the goddess on the journey. In a rage, the goddess spat on his face, and Qin Shihuang soon developed a sore. Although this is a fairy tale of 1, it can be seen that Qin Shihuang and Lishan seem to have some fate. His cemetery is also next to Lishan Mountain. Why was Qin Shihuang particularly obsessed with Mount Li, a treasure trove of geomantic omen?
In the past, the choice of cemetery was considered as a great event for the benefit of future generations. Especially the feudal emperors like Qin Shihuang, who have been handed down from generation to generation, naturally pay more and more attention to the location of cemeteries. Buried in Lishan Mountain, according to Li Daoyuan's explanation in the Northern Wei Dynasty: "Qin Shihuang built a heavy burial on Lishan Mountain, and a Lantian was full of yin and splendor. The first emperor was greedy for his name, so he was buried." Li Daoyuan's indecency has been affirmed by most scholars in academic circles. However, some scholars have raised objections. On the one hand, those who hold a negative opinion think that the location of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum in Lishan depends on the etiquette at that time, while on the other hand, it is influenced by the traditional indecent concept of "building a mausoleum on the mountain". (See No.5 of Qin Tomb and Cultural Relics Exploration, 1990. ) At present, from the perspective of geomantic omen, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang will not fall into an ideal geomantic omen treasure.
As early as the Warring States period, the idea of building tombs by mountains had risen. Later, many selected cemeteries paid special attention to the geography and environment close to mountains and rivers. "If you build a grave, you must come to the mountains to go to the water." (See "The Secret Funeral Sutra of the Original Mausoleum in Dahan". Surrounded by mountains and rivers, people used to regard it as the best place for feng shui. As for when this concept came into being, there is no way to verify it. It should be said that the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is a model of "building a mausoleum by mountains and rivers". As we all know, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is located in Shan Zhinan, north of Weihe River. However, on the east side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, there is also a artificially transformed fish pond water. According to "Notes on Water Classics", "Water flows out of the northeast of Mount Li and flows northward. Later, Qin Shihuang was buried in the north of the mountain. When the water meandered, it turned from east to north, and the first emperor built a tomb to borrow soil. The land is deep and the water accumulates into a pond. This is the so-called fish pond ... The pond water flows through the north of the first emperor's tomb in the northwest. " It can be seen that the fish pond water originally came from the northeast of Lishan Mountain, and the water flowed from south to north. Later, when the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang was built, a tool-shaped dam was built on the southwest side of the mausoleum. The dam is 1000 meters long, generally 40 meters wide, 70 meters at its widest point and 2 to 8 meters high. It is what many people call Nanling relics. It is this dam that turned the fish pond water originally from Li Dongbei into a northwest flow, bypassing the northeast of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. In addition, on the east side of the mausoleum, there is a steady stream of soup groundwater. "Water Classic Note" records: "There is soup groundwater in the southwest of fish pond water, which can cure human diseases." "Three" said: "There is a soup spring in the northwest of Mount Li." It can be seen that the soup spring of that year corresponds to the fish pond water in the northwest. It is not difficult to find that the unique feature of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is that it runs along the mountain on the south side, and the tools are surrounded by water on both sides and on the north side. "Mountain by water" is not just a treasure trove specially selected by Qin Shihuang's mausoleum?
The concept of "surrounding mountains with water" in Qin dynasty had a far-reaching influence on the construction of children's tombs. Mausoleums before the Han Dynasty, such as the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu, the Baling Mausoleum of Emperor Wendi, the Yangling Mausoleum of Emperor Jingdi and the Mausoleum of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty, were all selected according to the idea of "relying on mountains and rivers" in Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum. The idea of building tombs was basically adopted in the tombs of subsequent dynasties.
Appendix III:
Are there really flying geese in the mausoleum?
What precious sacrifices are there in the Qin underground palace? The origin of the Millennium has inspired many wonderful legends and stories. The flying goose in the underground palace is a very charming legend of 1.
"Three Auxiliary Stories" records that Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, took 300,000 people to rob the Qin Mausoleum after entering the customs. During their excavation, a golden goose suddenly flew out of the tomb, and this wonderful flying goose kept flying south. During the Three Kingdoms period (the first year of Baoding), there was a county magistrate named Zhang Shan in southern Japan. One day, someone gave him a golden goose, and he immediately judged from the deed on the golden goose that it belonged to the first imperial tomb. Is there any historical basis for this wonderful legend? In recent years, some scholars wrote: "Although this is a legendary story, it is certain that the cultural relics of the Qin Mausoleum once flowed out as far as Yunnan in the south. It is also possible that the golden goose is exquisite, not only elegant, but also can fly. Because in his time, the famous craftsman Lu Ban was able to build a wooden goose, flying in the sky and flying directly to the city of Song State. Centuries later, the craftsmen of Qin were able to create flying golden geese, which is trustworthy. " (Wu Bolun Zhang's Tomb of the Emperor at the Beginning of Qin Dynasty, Shanghai People's Publishing House1March 990) So, is this legend credible?
In China, a country that paid little attention to science and technology in history, if the flying golden goose could be built more than 2,200 years ago, it would be a rare monument in the history of science and technology in China and the world. However, the trust of metal flying geese obviously makes Chinese people sweat. If you scrutinize it carefully, you will immediately see the flaw in this legend. Just think, flying 1 metal objects in the air is not as simple as flying kites and light balloons. Because of its light weight, the latter can fly in the air with the help of natural wind. For the metal object of 1, if we only rely on natural wind without mechanical power, let alone air navigation, there is no way to deal with this basic problem that needs to be answered by others. How did China deal with the problem that the flying force of metal objects needed to be solved by others 2200 years ago? Further elaboration, assuming that the Qin Dynasty had the ability to build a flying golden goose, then the golden goose was buried in the underground palace and flew without the help of servants, and sailed in the underground palace for nearly 1000 days and nights. When Xiang Yu opened the tunnel of the underground tomb, the golden goose flying around without servants flew out of the ground smoothly along the tunnel of the underground tomb, and then flew over the mountains thousands of meters high on the south side of Qinling Mountain and came to the south of three miles. If this miracle was not invented by the gossip literati, then Jin Yan's restraint and command system would be out of reach even today's computers. Therefore, we can say that the legend of metal flying geese in the Qin tombs does not exist, and China people with modern scientific and technological consciousness should not believe this legend easily.
The myth of Jin Yan needs to be solved by others, and this problem should stop here. However, further, is there any trace of this legendary story fabricated by ancient literati in historical documents? According to the related documents of Han Dynasty, there is a book about "Gold is a flying goose" in the narration of Si Tuleideng and Ban Gu. Obviously, two great historians recorded a "flying goose" built with effective gold in the tomb, and ancient literati probably created the legend of flying goose from this romance.
Appendix IV:
Why did the mausoleum choose Mount Li?
During the Warring States period, the construction of some monarchs' tombs often ended with plane preset drawings. The construction of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum should also be planned, and the cemetery should be selected first before drawing. We know that Qin Shihuang lived in Xianyang, the capital of China, but why did he choose Lishan Mountain, which is far away from Xianyang?
Li Daoyuan, the author of Notes on Water Mirrors in the Northern Wei Dynasty, first explained this topic that needed to be answered by others when consulting related ancient books. He said: "Qin Shihuang made great efforts to be reburied and built a tomb on the towering mountain. There is a Lantian, whose yin is rich in gold and its yang is rich in beautiful things. At first, the emperor was greedy for fame, so he was buried ("Shui Jing Zhu Wei Shui"). This theory has been circulating in the field of education for more than 1000 years, and it is considered as the earliest and most influential point. On the surface, Zhu's explanation seems reasonable. However, as a child of 1 year old, whether Qin Shihuang can understand the beauty and beauty of Lantian is still an unanswered question. Even if I know, I'm afraid that the location of the mausoleum is not determined by the personal wishes of the king in name only. Therefore, this question that needs to be answered by others seems to be solved from the etiquette at that time and the preset intention of the mausoleum.
First of all, the location of the mausoleum is related to the location of the tombs of previous generations of monarchs in Qin State. Both the ancestors of Qin Shihuang and the tombs of the Queen Mother were buried in Zhiyang, west of Linzhang County, and the location of Qin Shihuang's tomb was in Lishan, east of Zhiyang, which was determined by the etiquette at that time, because the tombs of ancient emperors were often arranged according to their rankings when they were alive. Records of books such as The Book of Rites and Er Ya. "South, north and west are the best". "The southwest corner is called Jinao, and the elders are there." The book Lun Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded it more clearly: "The husband is in the west, the land of the elderly, and the position of the venerable is also. The honorable person is in the west, the humble person is in the east ... the husband's grave is hidden by the dead; Tian, who eats what; The house, the place where people live, the three are in people, and it is appropriate to wait. " Even the Xuanwangmu of Zhiyang hopes that her tomb can be buried between her husband and son, that is, "seeing her husband in the west and her son in the east", as if according to the principle that the elders are in the west and the younger generation is in the east. The ancestors of Qin Shihuang have confirmed that there are tombs, villages and tombs in Zhiyang. The tombs of the two ancestors were buried in the west of Linzhang County, while Qin Shihuang, as a younger generation, could only be buried in the east of Zhiyang. It is obviously against traditional etiquette to locate the mausoleum in the west of Zhiyang. It can be seen that the choice of the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor at the foot of Mount Li is purely in line with the etiquette of the younger generation living in the East.
Secondly, the choice of the location of the mausoleum is also related to the indecent concept of "building a mausoleum by the mountain". From about the 1980 s, the princes of various vassal States have successively raised the popular atmosphere of "building tombs by mountains" Many monarchs' tombs are built on the ground, either by the mountains or the water, or in front of a wide field of vision. Some monarchs' tombs are even built on the top of the mountain to show their noble status and the majesty of imperial power when they are alive. Qin was also influenced by this indecent thought when he was alive, some were buried in Xishan and some were buried near Lingshan. During the Warring States period, Qin Zhongyi proudly inherited the model of "building a mausoleum by the mountain", and the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was built on the edge of Mount Li, which was purely in line with the traditional concept of "building a mausoleum by the mountain". It runs counter to Mount Li. Facing the Weihe River, this area has a soft natural environment. Among all the Mount Li, only the section from Lintong County to Ma 'e is relatively high in altitude, with undulating mountains and overlapping mountains. Looking from the north bank of Weihe River, the nearest mountain system is symmetrical, like a huge windbreak standing behind the first imperial mausoleum, standing at the top of the mausoleum and looking south. Recently, the mountain system is arc-shaped, and the mausoleum is surrounded by Mount Li and mountains, blending with the whole Mount Li.
In a word, the location of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum not only conforms to the etiquette of the younger generation living in the East, but also embodies the traditional concept of "building a mausoleum by mountains".
Other answer 2: According to the Twenty-four History of the Qing Dynasty, Qin Shihuang began to repair the mausoleum in the second year after he ascended the throne. It was completed in 208 BC and took 39 years. (The other two materials: 1, he reigned for 37 years and built a mausoleum for him for 36 years; 2. The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor started construction on the throne, which took 38 years). Reese, then prime minister, was the custodian of the mausoleum and was supervised by General Zhang Han. * * * recruited 720,000 laborers, and spent nearly 800,000 people to repair the mausoleum for a long time, almost eight times the number of people who built pyramid of khufu.
Other answer 3: Don't use your time!
Other answer 4: After more than 1,000 years of wind and rain erosion and artificial rolling, the bottom plane of the soil or the surface of the object is about 6,543.8+0.2 million square meters, with a height of 87 meters (another message: the initial height of the mausoleum is 65.438+0.20 meters, "as high as a mountain", which has been reduced by more than 40 meters after weathering erosion and artificial rolling). The total plane of the whole mausoleum or object surface is 56.25 metric area units. Building materials are shipped from Hubei, Sichuan and other places. In order to prevent the river from scouring the mausoleum, Qin Shihuang also ordered that the north-south flowing water be changed to the direction of tools.
There is 1 mound in the south of the mausoleum, which is 43 meters high. There are two rammed earth walls inside and outside. The inner city is 3890 meters in circumference and the outer city is 6249 meters in circumference. Parting means imperial city and palace.