Attract powerful private capital to participate in the sports industry, implement the equity system to expand privatization, and promote the materialization of clubs. At present, basketball and table tennis are promoted by clubs, and after several years of implementation, the situation is good, solving the problem of government burden, and everything depends on the market to adjust. The implementation is still going on, so that some sports can be combined with the market, coordinated and commercialized, which can also better drive people to pay attention to sports.
(1) First of all, the key to the decentralization of government management departments lies in the innovation of the management system of state-owned sports assets. The government exercises the rights and obligations of investors in the form of shareholders, controls important enterprises and operates state-owned assets by setting up investor institutions that are separate from the functional departments that exercise public power. On the basis of clearly defining state-owned property rights, the first step is to delegate the right to use state-owned sports assets. According to the principle of separation of ownership and management rights, the sports assets directly managed by the government are entrusted, contracted, leased and transferred to the legal representative of the sports business unit for management. After the establishment of legal person status, it will become an independent business entity protected by law, with corresponding management rights, personnel autonomy and income distribution autonomy. The government will no longer directly issue mandatory production plans for sports products, and will no longer call the people, finances and materials of sports enterprises for free.
The property right reform of stadiums with state-owned assets as the mainstay has become the main content of micro-system innovation at present. From the practice of disposing of non-performing assets in China, it is an effective way to promote the institutional innovation of state-owned enterprises and establish a modern enterprise system to operate capital according to the principle of marketization. First, creating equal opportunities for all kinds of social capital to enter state-owned enterprises is not only conducive to revitalizing the existing assets of state-owned enterprises, but also directly changing the single investment subject of state-owned enterprises; Second, marketization uses the means and methods of capital operation such as debt restructuring, equity restructuring, asset replacement, public auction, sale and transfer, and designs diversified enterprise systems according to the actual situation of each enterprise. While innovating state-owned sports enterprises, private enterprises at home and abroad are encouraged to enter the sports industry allowed by the policy, and finally the development pattern of sports industry with various ownership forms will be formed. In addition to the diversification of property rights, investors can also be encouraged to diversify their investment methods.
The system innovation of sports industry needs the separation of three powers;
Ownership-national ownership
Management right-association
Management right-company
(2) The underdeveloped operating system and the lack of grass-roots functional organizations are the microscopic obstacles to institutional innovation. It is particularly important to transform the basic properties of cells. For example, colleges and universities have put forward the idea of running sports teams for many years. In the past, facilities and equipment were not available. At present, the newly-built stadiums and gymnasiums in many universities are not inferior to sports teams, and they have the conditions to vigorously develop sports clubs in schools. Sports management departments should use various means to mobilize the enthusiasm of schools to produce sports quasi-public products. Sports technical colleges run by local sports departments should be combined with sports schools to explore new ways of survival and development, and the reform of sports teams should still take the road of club materialization.
We should dilute the official color of developing high-level competitive sports, change the specific management mode of high monopoly of sports management departments, change the elite athlete training system into the selection system, and really open the entrance for social sports; Professional teams in various provinces and cities are gradually transformed into clubs, relying on training bases and colleges to complete materialization; The government will invest steadily for a period of time, and the state will invest in fixed assets to build joint-stock clubs: operating assets will be divested and reorganized, and operating sports institutions will focus on the reform of property rights system and employment system, and adopt various forms of restructuring and reorganization with reference to the restructuring of state-owned enterprises.
(three) to formulate preferential policies and measures in taxation and management, and encourage social forces at home and abroad to support the construction of sports events, public welfare sports institutions and public sports facilities. Sports clubs can obtain the voluntary combination of the same interests through the exclusive mechanism of interests, and can operate in the form of independent accounting, self-financing entity or non-profit organization. Sports clubs are social organizations that provide sports quasi-public products and services such as sports competitions and performances, and sports fitness participation. It can be multiple subjects, including the government. Encourage enterprises and clubs to run sports teams, professionalize some mature projects in the market and establish industrial alliances. According to the spirit of WTO, foreign countries will be more and more involved in China, so the form of industry monopoly in sports market will change greatly. Taking the opportunity of holding the Asian Games outside the capital for the first time in China, a new system of selecting outstanding athletes from high-level clubs in various provinces and cities was tried out.
Due to the special circumstances such as the Olympic Games and the Asian Games during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the reform measures were carried out step by step. Comparatively speaking, it is more appropriate to start local pilot projects in Guangzhou. Starting from 2005, Guangzhou Sports Bureau can study the new mechanism for individual associations to host sports events, take the reform of grass-roots sports teams as the club system, coordinate development with sports colleges, boldly try new models, and test the achievements of relevant institutional innovations when the Asian Games are held.
"National System" is a Zhang Wudi trump card for China's competitive sports to climb the world peak. It has achieved amazing benefits in improving the level of sports technology and has become the best way to win gold medals envied by many countries. This system is a "software" especially suitable for developing countries to rapidly improve their competition level. At present, it is a powerful high-end version, so there is no need to integrate with the international community immediately and replace it with a free and independent training model in developed countries. In other words, in China, which is in the primary stage of socialism, the "national system" will exist for a long time. The only premise is that we must carry out deep-seated reforms, get out of the trap of quick success and instant benefit, and establish a lofty sports ideal.
As the so-called "two bombs and one satellite" and many large state-owned enterprises, the "national system", a high-level competitive sports system that has been invested vigorously for half a century and still exerts great power in the international sports arena, will continue to play an irreplaceable and important role in China's modernization process, and cannot be abandoned just because it is the product of planned economy. Besides, the products of planned economy are not all useless, and they can survive in the market economy after the reform. Although the huge system formed in decades is difficult to reform, compared with other fields such as the transition of state-owned enterprises, the "national system" is much easier, and the twists and turns it has experienced and the opportunity cost it has paid are acceptable.
The "national system" cannot be abandoned, but it must be reformed and adapted to the requirements of the socialist market economy. Moreover, its reform can not be divorced from the process of domestic system reform, while maintaining China's characteristics and international advantages. Therefore, the only way out is to seriously carry out internal reform, thoroughly remould oneself, realize system innovation and create new systems.
This system must have the greatest social inclusiveness. No matter in mass sports, competitive sports, sports training, sports competitions, professional training or amateur training, it can accommodate diversification, multiple organizational forms and different forms of ownership. We should accept all kinds of social enthusiasm as we open our hands and take the road of sports socialization.
In the adjusted classification of national industries, sports are classified as cultural industries, that is, the so-called "leisure sports" and "leisure fitness sports activities" originally belonging to sports, and are classified as "leisure fitness services" in cultural industries, separated from the sports industry that specifically refers to professional competitive sports, and become a classification alongside sports. This also indicates the future trend of China sports returning to cultural standard. The sports system should adapt to this trend as soon as possible.
The long-term reform and innovation goal of sports in China has initially taken shape. China sports has gone through a tortuous road. All it needs is to overcome the impetuous mentality of quick success and instant benefit, understand the cultural standard and universal principles of sports, and call for vague ideals and beliefs. With the unprecedented peak of sports in China in 2008, we will never miss the opportunity to re-establish China sports spirit with soul nature, form a new and complete institutional framework and operating mechanism, and move towards the gorgeous ultimate goal under the guidance of ideals.
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