How to add water to the car?
After turning on the range hood, you will see several kettles. Should some kettles be filled with water, some with antifreeze and one with coolant? For novice drivers, the engine compartment is like a maze, so don't add it without knowing it. Let's look at a set of pictures.
Figure 1: Like a whale spraying water, glass water should be added after the lid is opened.
Figure 2. This cover with complex pattern is used to add antifreeze coolant.
Figure 3. This is the cover of brake oil.
It is enough to know these three first, but which kettle should I use to "add water"?
Ordinary vehicles don't need water. Some roadside stalls or gas stations will have "stop and add water" signs. This service is only suitable for refitting trucks ... most trucks use drum brakes, which are low-cost brakes with good braking effect. Of course, the main reason is the low manufacturing cost. Because of its outstanding disadvantage, the action of braking friction is completed inside the brake drum, and the high heat energy generated by friction is conducted to the outside and cooled by air, which is very inefficient. To put it bluntly, it is easy to heat up.
High temperature will reduce the friction between brake shoe (also called brake pad) and brake drum, and serious high temperature will cause the problem of brake failure; A downhill slope of several hundred meters or kilometers may lead to high temperature failure for heavy trucks, and the consequences are unimaginable, so "sprinklers" are needed.
Sprinkler is the lowest cost brake cooling system, including:
Before high temperature, the controller sprays water to the brake drum, and the water absorbs heat energy to cool it down.
Freight cars have many wheels, and each brake drum needs to be cooled, so a large water tank is needed, which is often welded on both sides of the container; Of course, you have to add water after use. Add water when you stop, that is, add water to these trucks. However, in winter, the water sprayed by trucks will cause the road to freeze, which will affect the safe driving of other vehicles, so this kind of trucks is forbidden to go on the road in some areas. Finally, these trucks will use hydraulic retarder to brake the transmission shaft directly, which is more expensive but safer. It is expected that it will be the best scheme to adopt the kinetic energy recovery and deceleration of electric drive system in the future.
Ordinary passenger cars don't need water, and its water tank is actually a "radiator".
The automobile water tank is a radiator connected to the engine, and it is filled with antifreeze coolant instead of raw water-antifreeze is coolant, and coolant is antifreeze, which has the functions of high-temperature heat dissipation and low-temperature antifreeze; Most of them are glycol-based aqueous solutions, and the main components are distilled water or deionized water to remove minerals (impurities). Temperature control can be achieved by using ethylene glycol with boiling point as high as 197.4. The proportion of 40% water and 60% ethylene glycol can make the freezing point of the solution as low as -48.3, and when the ethylene glycol exceeds 60% or below, the temperature will rise.
"Adding water to the water tank" requires adding distilled water, deionized water or directly "replenishing" antifreeze, and raw water such as tap water or river water cannot be directly added; Because there are magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and other substances in the raw water, it will precipitate into scale at high temperature, which is called water alkali in the kettle. The internal structure of the water tank is actually very complicated. If there is too much scale, it will block the pipeline, resulting in some pipelines unable to flow and even high temperature.
Therefore, distilled water must be added to water, which is the easiest water to buy and will be sold in supermarkets; Antifreeze will naturally be used less, because high temperature causes water to evaporate. Check it every once in a while, and supplement the reduced part with the same amount of distilled water. Generally, it is recommended to supplement distilled water three times and antifreeze the fourth time, so as to ensure that the proportion of each component of antifreeze will not change much. The anti-freezing and anti-high temperature effects will always be good; Ordinary antifreeze is replaced once every three years, and long-acting antifreeze can be used for about 6 years.
This is the two meanings of adding water. Passenger cars are not allowed to add water indiscriminately. There is nothing special to pay attention to when adding water. Add glass water as soon as it is used up and fill it up. Do not add antifreeze after flameout, because antifreeze may be sprayed out at the moment when the cover is opened at high temperature, which is in danger of burns. Do not open and add another cover.
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