In the old Liwan District. Just some houses with Xiguan characteristics.
There is a Xiguan Folk Museum in Liwan Museum, which is modeled after authentic xiguan big house and introduces the functions of the big house in detail. Tickets used to be 8 yuan. I wonder if there is any price reduction now.
Space wonders used to transfer to trains.
Take bus No.224a/224 at Space Miracle to Jincheng Garden/Dong Jun Square/Yangcheng Evening News Agency/Cancer Hospital/Yuexiu Bridge/Orthopedic Hospital/Dongfeng Middle Road/Zhongshan Memorial Hall, and then transfer to bus No.2 to Pantang Station. After getting off the bus, walk into Xiguan Antique City next to Panxi Hotel, and pay attention to the left hand side.
If you want to see the folk houses, they are generally occupied and you can't visit them. There are some xiguan big house in Sanlian Straight Street and Fengyuan Street of Jinlong West Road near Liwan Museum.
Where is xiguan big house in Guangzhou?
Xiguan big house is the residence of wealthy businessmen in old Guangzhou, and xiguan big house in Guangzhou is mainly located near Fengyuan Road, Bao Hua Street and Duobao Street in Liwan District, west of the city. The existing number has decreased from more than 800 in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty to less than 100, of which only about 10 is reserved, and many xiguan big house cities are facing the situation of being demolished due to urban construction. Xiguan big house distribution
1, Fushan area of Shibafu. Ai Yu Xinjie used to be the ancient residence of Pan Shicheng, the owner of Haishan Fairy Museum, and some large Xiguan households also built houses here. 2. Xiang Yang and foreigners' regions. This is the midpoint of Guangzhou's major cloth and medicinal materials markets. Most of the residents are businessmen's daughters, and the buildings tend to be small and exquisite. 3. Twelve prefectures. It is famous for the Huangqun Building in Xiguan Plain. The Huang Family Courtyard is spacious and rich. It is said that there are many connected xiguan big house, and the ancient house of the Qing Dynasty scholar Liang was built in today's mansion. 4. Bao Hua and Sixteen Houses. There are many big houses, among which Zhongjia Garden is very famous. Master Zhong Xiqi, the word Zhong Huan (Qing Hanlin). There are buildings, houses, pavilions, corridors and other buildings in the house. There are ponds, lotus flowers, "One Punch Stone" and a restaurant named "Shouzhe Xiang" in the park, so there are One Punch Stone Zhai, Second Chief Xuan, Sanyatang, Four Seasons Spring, Jinfuzhai, Tang Yuming, Xiangshizhai, Nest Smoke Pavilion, Jianshou Pavilion and Congyun. 5. Fengyuan and Baoyuan areas. The famous garden building Xiaohuafangzhai was built in Baoyuan Street, with a construction land of more than 2,800 square meters. Its architectural layout is elegant, the hall and the study are separated by the inner courtyard, and the interior is cool as autumn. There are two-story square buildings in the yard. There is also the Chen Family Courtyard (home) and the connected xiguan big house Group of Fengyuan North Street. 6. Duobao area (Duobao Street and Duobaofang area). Deng Huaxi once lived in his first residence, and the owner was Deng Shi, a native of Shunde, Guangdong Province. He was a second-class official residence and was once the governor of Anhui Province. In Qing Dynasty, Li Wentian Flower Exploration Museum was built in Duobao Square, and six rooms were connected. The first houses of Deng Zhai and Li Zhai are four-poster halls, which are more expensive and luxurious than ordinary xiguan big house.
What are the characteristics of Lingnan xiguan big house?
To understand Guangzhou culture, Xiguan is the first choice, which is the epitome of Lingnan culture. Xiguan big house is the essence of Xiguan architectural culture.
Xiguan, in the Ming Dynasty, has become the commercial center of Guangzhou, and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was gradually formed in the Ming Dynasty. Xiguanjiao was formed during Tongzhi and Guangxu periods in Qing Dynasty, covering Wenchang Bridge, Daguan Bridge, Pantang and Changyuan Garden.
Especially during the reign of the Gan family, wealthy businessmen gathered in Xiguan at that time built a traditional Guangzhou residence with Lingnan characteristics in Xiguanjiao, a bustling commercial road of thirteen lines, which was called "xiguan big house". It absorbs the characteristics of garden architecture and home in the Central Plains, and combines the characteristics of Lingnan climate to form a unique local style.
Xiguan big house is tall and bright, with a combination of halls and groups and elegant interior decoration. It is a masterpiece of arts and crafts. Wood and stone brick carvings, pottery gray sculptures, murals and stone scenes, glass and iron leaks, full windows, carved patterns, mahogany furniture, wood carvings and window sills are all full of Lingnan charm and style.
Xiguan big house is mostly a brick-wood structure, with green masonry feet and granite embedded in the front door. Its plane layout is basically developed in the depth direction according to the traditional main hall form of the Central Plains.
Its typical plane is three rooms and two corridors. Symmetrical left and right, with the main hall in the center. The central axis from front to back, from south to north are porch, hall, sedan chair hall, main hall, elder room, patio, second hall and second room in turn.
Each hall is an entrance. Generally, a big house has two or three entrances, forming many central axes. On the left side of the front of both sides are the study and yard, and on the right side are the slant hall and guest room.
The guest room has a flat roof, which is used for enjoying the cool, enjoying the moon and visiting Yue Bai for seven nights. Behind the slant hall and guest room are bedrooms, kitchens, etc. Flowers and trees are planted in the park, and a rockery fish pond is built, which is quite elegant and quiet.
Xiguan big house's porch is decorated with three doors: low hanging door, walking door and hard wooden door. The railing is a movable fence, which is composed of 13 or 15 hardwood. It is called a railing because it opens and closes horizontally.
Corner doors and walkways have ventilation and safety functions, and are specially made building components to adapt to the hot and rainy climate in Lingnan. The gate of xiguan big house is made of high-grade wood such as mahogany or camphor wood, with a thickness of about 8 cm. The door is fastened with a copper ring, and the foot of the door is hidden in a stone mortar. The door is locked with a horizontal bolt behind the door to prevent thieves.
There is a heavenly palace and a land god in the foyer, followed by four middle doors, which are usually closed and only opened when guests come to visit in sedan chairs to show their grand welcome. Leave only the left and right doors in and out, so that passers-by can't see the scene inside. The car lobby is where guests and car owners get in and out of the car.
The hall is the main building of the big house, with the largest area and the highest roof. The whole hall is red, black and white, spacious and magnificent. In order to make the hall brighter, the roof is covered with tiles, that is, glass bricks.
Behind the main hall is the first room, where the elders live, with high windows for lighting. The first room is followed by the second hall and the second room. The second room, also called the "tail room", is the last room on the central axis.
There is a small courtyard between the hall and the hall. The courtyard is covered with a shed and the high side window is ventilated. On both sides of the central axis, there are mainly study rooms, slant halls, bedrooms and stairwells, which are generally arranged symmetrically.
There is usually a small courtyard on the right side of the hall, where precious flowers and trees are planted and rocks, landscapes, fish oil or lotus ponds are arranged for the owner or tourists to enjoy.
There is a Qingyun lane on each side of the big house, which means "to the top". Qingyun Lane, also known as "cold lane", "fire lane" and "water lane", has many functions such as transportation, ventilation, lighting, drainage, drying, planting flowers, removing feces and garbage.
Xiguan big house is a treasure of traditional architecture in Guangzhou. According to statistics, there are only 100 rooms, and there are more than 10 rooms with preservation value. The most famous xiguan big house is "Liang Zi Zhengdi" located at Baoyuan North Street 18, Deng Gong Baodi in Duobao Road and Zhongjia Garden in the middle of Bao Hua Road. Unfortunately, most of these famous gardens and mansions have long since disappeared.
Xiguan big house, a characteristic residence in Lingnan, Guangzhou, is well known to Guangzhou people!
1. xiguan big house, a characteristic residence in Guangzhou.
Xiguan building
It is a traditional residence with Lingnan characteristics built by wealthy businessmen in Xiguanjiao (now Liwan District) in western Guangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty. It's called "xiguan big house". Xiguan has become the commercial center of Guangzhou City in the Ming Dynasty, and the 18th National Congress gradually took shape in the Ming Dynasty. Xiguanjiao was formed during Tongzhi and Guangxu periods in Qing Dynasty, covering Wenchang Bridge, Daguan Bridge, Pantang and Changyuan Garden. Xiguan big house is concentrated in Bao Hua Road, Duobao Road, Baoyuan Road and Fengyuan Road. Later, it was extended to other areas in Xiguan, mostly built by famous families and bureaucratic giants. 1August, 993, Guangzhou Municipal People's Government announced it as a cultural relics protection unit.
Governor Huang Huahua's poems "Praise the New Scenery of Guangzhou" and "Praise the New Litchi Bay" also praised the Xiguan in Lingnan, and the scenery is better than the beautiful scenery:
I don't know about litchi Bay anymore, and the style is far better than the ancient Xiguan.
Just like the riverside scene on Qingming Festival, tourists forget to go home.
The small bridge in Xiguan is flowing, misty and rainy, and the scene of flowers is like casting a mysterious veil on Xiguan, adding a bit of poetry to the beautiful Xiguan.
Xiguan big house is mostly a brick-wood structure, with green masonry feet and granite embedded in the front door. Its plane layout is basically developed in the depth direction according to the traditional main hall form of the Central Plains. These houses are tall and bright, with a combination of hall and garden, and beautifully decorated. The basic layout is three rooms and two corridors, symmetrical left and right, with the main hall in the middle. From front to back, the central axis is porch, hall (hall), sedan chair hall (tea hall), main hall (hall or shrine hall), head hall (elders hall), second hall (dining hall) and second hall (tail hall). Each hall is an entrance. Generally, a big house has two or three entrances, forming many central axes. On the left side of the front of both sides are the study and yard, and on the right side are the slant hall and guest room. The guest room has a flat roof, which is used for enjoying the cool in Xiguan Tanabata, enjoying the moon and visiting Yue Bai (Seventh Sister). Behind the slant hall and guest room are bedrooms, kitchens, etc.
Flowers and trees are planted in the park, and a rockery fish pond is built, which is quite elegant and quiet. The hall is separated from the hall by a patio, which is covered with a shed and ventilated by a high side window (water window) or skylight. On both sides of the main room, there are mainly study, slant hall, bedroom and stairwell. Finally, for the kitchen. On the right side of the entrance hall, there are generally courtyard sketches, planting flowers and trees, and arranging rock fish ponds for leisure viewing. Behind the yard is the study. There is a Qingyun lane on both sides of the big house, also known as "cold lane", "fire lane" and "water lane", which has many functions, such as transportation (the entry and exit of wives or servants), ventilation, lighting, drainage, drying, planting flowers, removing feces and garbage, etc.
According to the layout of xiguan big house, xiguan big house has a long and narrow plane layout and a unique structure, which is conducive to ventilation. Therefore, it has the advantages of being warm in winter and cool in summer, which is of great practical value. In Feng Shui, it also means absorbing the innate qi that is beneficial to the owner. Xiguan big house is very particular about the pattern of geomantic omen. Generally, the upper left corner of the typical Xiguan gate is blessed by heaven, and the lower left corner is the land god worshipped by the gate. God in heaven protects the land from evil spirits, so as to avoid evil spirits and keep the family safe. This layout also reflects people's concept of family hierarchy and the traditional layout concept with the central axis as the symmetry line.
The porch decoration in xiguan big house is the same as the bamboo tube house, with a short hanging door (also called a corner door) on the outside and a hard wooden door in the middle. The railing is a movable fence, which is made of 13 or 15 hardwood (usually mahogany or hardwood), so it is called a railing. Corner doors and walkways have ventilation and safety functions, and are specially made building components to adapt to the hot and rainy climate in Lingnan. The gate of xiguan big house is made of high-grade wood such as mahogany or camphor wood, with a thickness of about 8 cm. The door is fastened with a copper ring, and the foot of the door is hidden in a stone mortar. The door is locked with a horizontal bolt behind the door to prevent thieves.
The most distinctive feature of xiguan big house is Tancheng Gate, which at first glance looks like a big wooden frame with a dozen logs in the middle. The number of logs must be singular, not even, because in Cantonese, "double" and "mourning" are homophonic, meaning unknown.
Master Dongshan, Miss Xiguan
There is a famous saying in Guangzhou called "Master Dongshan, Miss Xiguan". The origin of the sentence is that Dongshan has always been the world residence of Guangzhou dignitaries, most of whom are children of bureaucrats. Xiguan has been a prosperous business district in Guangzhou since ancient times. Most women from wealthy families live there, dancing among flowers and butterflies and marching in the city. Garden houses and xiguan big house, power and wealth, modernity and tradition, complement each other, which are two epitome of Guangzhou commercial society in 1930s.
According to historical records, women in Guangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty also had several opportunities to "show their faces" a year, such as people walking around flowers, visiting Shimen on begging day, and visiting Baiyun on Zheng Xian's birthday. Among the people in this garden, Miss Xiguan is particularly eye-catching with her novel costumes and elegant temperament. They are dressed in fashion, elated and eloquent, walking hand in hand with classmates and friends, shuttling between many shops in Xiguan, forming a moving landscape. As a result, the word "Miss Xiguan" cried louder and louder for a long time.
Miss Xiguan embodies and represents the direction and trend of the times with the image of a group, represents the forerunner of women's liberation in Guangzhou and represents the most elegant and prosperous life in modern Guangzhou. These new women who are active in all walks of life, their clothing, lifestyle, socialization and knowledge-all became the symbol of "fashion" that day. Such as female doctors, students, athletes, revolutionaries and other professional women and social activists stand out, which makes China women stand on the historical stage for the first time and makes "Miss Xiguan" a comprehensive symbol of history and culture.
Miss Xiguan has a higher education level, either studying in her own private school or attending primary school or junior high school. It is said that Zhenguang Middle School and Wei Kun Middle School were all girls' schools at that time, and many Miss Xiguan studied there. In 1930s, many Miss Xiguan were still studying at Lingnan University (now Sun Yat-sen University). Gradually, Miss Xiguan became "Miss Guangzhou", which never ended or came to power.
Xiguan big house Manchuria Window
One of the most distinctive signs of xiguan big house is the full window. These square panes are inlaid with many colored glasses. Its working procedure is very complicated. Only one clear window consumes 15 people and 10 days of working hours. Because the real technology of Manchu windows has long been lost, it is said that the glass of each window has to be reworked at least three times. Therefore, even if building such a wood and stone tile house is equivalent to building a nine-story building, I believe it will not be too surprising.
"xiguan big house" not only retains the traditional architectural style that can represent Guangzhou, but also brings back the essence of architectural art all over the country, and uses and imitates it to learn from each other's strong points. At the same time, with the development of foreign trade and the increase of returned overseas Chinese, many foreign advanced technologies have been introduced, making the architecture and decoration in xiguan big house increasingly gorgeous.
The wheel of time has taken away fame and fortune, but it has precipitated a heavy culture. Fortunately, the historical memory of Guangzhou and xiguan big house can be preserved in the form of architecture. Wooden rafters, clear windows and hard wooden doors are old and incomplete, but they record the glory of this city.