In the draft, once the form of composition is determined, it is necessary to further follow the formal rules, scrutinize, strengthen and enrich the structure of composition form. The structure in the composition of a work is a combination of formal factors such as shape, color, knife flavor, wood flavor and charm. Different structures create colorful formal beauty in the form of composition, giving people different artistic appeal.
Draw a sketch of the outline and structure on the copy paper with a sharpened pencil, and then put the sketch on the processed board repeatedly. In addition, no matter what method is used to draw on the board, it is necessary to brush the board with light color before carving, so that the shape of the part that leaves or stays on the board at the moment of carving is clear and the knife feeling is clear, which is helpful for the author to hold the knife better.
Usually, a main version and several sub-versions are needed to segment watermarked printed matter. The method of dividing the edition is: trace the drawings back to a board, and then the main board. Based on this version, the objects on the motherboard are drawn on the paper with a pen by the transparency of the copy paper. Then, based on this copy paper with the main color registration area position, the copy paper is whitened and copied to the second board, which is the second edition. According to the needs of the picture, the main edition and the auxiliary edition are not enough, and the third and fourth engraving editions can be added according to the specific situation to increase the shape or color of the object after the picture is covered. If you encounter lettering damage, you can add lettering to make up for it and align it with the original part for overprinting.
Carving knives are used to carve on boards. No matter what kind of knife, you can carve many points, lines and blocks with different shapes. Several knives can also produce different feelings and artistic effects. The basic methods of transporting knives are nothing more than pushing, picking, dizzy, shaking, shoveling, scraping and single knife. Use the front and side of the blade.
Push engraving is the main knife method to describe objects. Pinch the knife in the direction of wood, and push the carving forward smoothly and evenly at a certain angle with a round knife, a triangular knife and a square knife, which can shape the neat lines and blocks of yang or yin.
Pick up and carve with circular knives, triangular knives and square knives. When the knife enters the board, it will be picked up to form round, triangular and square points with different sizes, lengths and widths. If you choose plywood carving, you should pay attention to the direction of the knife and the direction of the wood grain, so that the wood will break naturally. If it is carved along the wood grain, it is not easy to break.
Halo carving uses square knife, flat knife and oblique knife to cut the layout, which is light and heavy. After transporting the knife, it will produce an effect similar to the transition of brush depth.
When the round knife, triangular knife and square knife move forward, the force is frustrated back and forth, rising and falling, forming rough lines and surfaces, which has a kind of "golden stone flavor"
Swing carving with a round knife and a triangular knife swinging forward left and right, you can carve zigzag and abrupt effects on both sides.
Shovel carving: Put the cutter head slightly flat and shovel it with a knife, which becomes "shovel carving". The shovel surface is generally wide, except for the square-edged knife, the knife feeling shoveled by other knives is rough and changeable. Because of the width of the shovel, more force is needed.
Scrape the dent in the wood block with a blade or a knife tip. Light scraping can scrape soft dents, while hard scraping can cause strong scratches. Scraped knives often have a more subtle feeling.
Single-knife carving can be engraved with a bevel knife for negative or positive engraving, and a certain inclination can be maintained when using the knife.
"Engraving" means engraving lines, surfaces and points concave to the layout on the black background, and the rest of the layout is kept on the board; "Positive engraving" means engraving protruding lines, faces and dots on a white background, and all other pages are engraved. It is a traditional technique in China to outline the body with a single line of "female carving" or "male carving". It is very beautiful and full of national characteristics when used properly.
The key to the application of the above knife method is how to shape the image of the object. No matter what kind of knife you use, you should not only pay attention to the shape and characteristics of the object, but also give full play to the role of knife touch and knife mark to enhance artistic appeal. In a work, the use of knives and the choice of knife types should not be too diverse and messy. We should also prevent knife workers from being mediocre, monotonous, scripted and lacking in vitality.
The key to typesetting of rubbing watermark is to master the change of water content. Whether it is the water in the board or the water absorbed in the paper, it directly affects the quality of rubbing. Before rubbing, spray it evenly on the paper with a watering can to make the water mist spread evenly on the paper. In hot weather or dry season, the weather is wet. Rainy weather, high air humidity, paper moisture is not easy to evaporate, the most suitable. Paper will swell a little more when wet than when dry. In the whole rubbing process, it is basically necessary to maintain a certain humidity to avoid inaccurate setting. Generally, the secondary version is printed before the main version, and the light color is printed before the dark color is printed. In the process of rubbing, put the wet paper flat on the board, cover the old newspaper or plastic film, press the paperweight tool, and aim at the marking line (in watermark printing, aim the edge of the printed paper at a long line parallel to the picture, and then extend the vertical line to the middle end of the printed paper, so that even if the printed paper is deformed and expanded after drinking water, it can only extend from the middle to the second line, which will not affect the accuracy of overprinter). Start to color the plates, and each plate needs to be painted repeatedly. If too much water is found in rubbing, you can use the "ink-breaking method", that is, dip a clean brush in clear water and start writing in the opposite direction, so that the clear water can put the colored water back.
In addition, an ancient watermark print aims to copy Chinese painting. After careful division, production and overprint, it can be done with pen, ink and color, and the water color is moist and appropriate, which can almost resemble the special effect of the original. Rong Baozhai, Duo Yunxuan and other publishing units in China still use this method to copy ancient and modern Chinese paintings.
The printing process in this way is as follows:
(1) Sketch: The painter is responsible for this work. The first step is to separate the color from the plate, and put all the handwriting with the same tone on a set of plates. There are several colors on the picture, which can be divided into several sets of plates. There are two or three sets with simple colors and dozens of sets with complicated details. When sketching, use ink lines to hook on a piece of transparent paper according to the number of sets, so as to truthfully reflect the brightness and brushwork of the picture, and then stick the paper on the board for carving.
(2) Carving: In addition to carving based on ink lines, the sculptor must also refer to the original work, carefully understand it, hold a knife like a pen, and vividly convey the spirit and brushwork of the original work.
(3) Printing: after each engraving, according to the needs of the picture, overprint one edition in turn into a painting. The paper used for printing is mainly rice paper and silk, and the ink pigment must be completely consistent with the raw materials.
Because the printed material and mounting form are the same as the original, this watermark is particularly reproducible and has similar and almost confusing effects with the original.
After the rubbings of modern watermark prints are completely dried, according to the international printmaking practice, the number of prints (denominator means the total number of prints, numerator means the number of prints), the name of the work, the type of prints, the size of the work, the name of the author and the year of creation must be signed with a pencil from left to right near the bottom of the picture to show the author's sense of responsibility for the work and the difference between the authenticity of the work.