Duan Qirui Zhai
-No.5 Cangnan Hutong
Wang Zhihong
Cangnan Hutong belongs to Dongsi District, Dongcheng District. According to the current street sign, it is the third hutong from south to north in the east of Chaoyangmen North Street Road. Hutong connects Chaoyangmen North Street and Chaoyangmen North Street from west to east. It is about 600 meters long and is named after being located in the south of Nanmencang Hutong. The middle of the hutong is slightly tortuous, and the east intersects with Douban Hutong. The south side is connected with "Fujiadao" and there is a fork road leading to "Jiu Shao Hutong"; The north side is connected with Cangnan North Lane and Luojia Courtyard from west to east.
Known as "the most detailed, comprehensive and systematic book describing the changes of Beijing urban area from ancient times to the early years of the Republic of China", Yan Dou Congkao has no record of Cangnan Hutong. Is it the author's omission? I don't think so Because: First, the book records the surrounding situation of "Cangnan Hutong" in great detail. How can it be that only one "Cangnan Hutong" is left? The book records: "From Chaoyangmen Street to the north and south, the street is called North Street. To the east of North Street and to the north of Chaoyangmen Street, there are Jiu Shao Hutong, Gongcrossbow Camp (Shuntian Prefecture records archer camp) and Zhao Ji Hutong (Shuntian Prefecture records chicken feet Hutong), which is now the location of Duan Zhi yamen. Baoyu Hutong, Xinkai Road, Hou Jing City, Qian Jing. To the east is Wu Ye Building, and it is an empty building compound. The east of the mansion is called Luojia Courtyard, with roads on both sides, coal shops called Hutong and gardens called Gardens. The east is also called Douban Hutong. Its south is called Monkey Stone Road and Diaoyutai. Also known as South Bean Sprouts Hutong. " Secondly, the book clearly points out: "Duan Yamen is in Jixiang Hutong." And "Duan's house" was built on the basis of "empty house quadrangle". According to this analysis, "Cangnan Hutong" was originally a part of "Zhao Ji Hutong".
Zhao Ji Hutong is also called Zhao Hutong. The trend of that year was: from "Chaoyangmen North Street" in the west to "Bow Camp (Craftsman Camp)" in the east; There are two forks in the north of the hutong. The first branch lane goes straight north to "Baoyu Hutong", turns east into the second branch lane, and goes east to "Xinkai Road". After the "newly opened road", it continues to connect with Douban Hutong to the east, and there is a fork road from west to east on the north side, which connects with Luojia Courtyard and Nanmencang. The fork in an alley bends from southwest to northeast, just like two "chicken feet" are connected by a "new road" Therefore, the hutong should be named after its shape, and it is called "auspicious hutong" with elegant homophones. In this way, the "new road" should also be a part of the "auspicious hutong", and the middle part plays a connecting role; It is likely to become a "bottleneck" because of narrowness. In order to broaden the traffic, it is called "new road".
At that time, there were two "new roads" in the third district of Beiping, and the other one was on the east side of Yonghegong Street, which is now "Beixin Hutong". In order to avoid the same name, before liberation, the "newly opened road" of Yonghe Palace Street was renamed as "newly opened road in the north"; Rename the "Xinkai Road" in the middle of "Zhao Ji Hutong" as "Nanxinkai Road". The name of "Zhao Ji Hutong" at the western end of "Nanxinkai Road" remains unchanged; The east-west trunk line of Zhao Ji Hutong at the eastern end was renamed Cangnan Hutong, and the north-south branch lane was renamed Cangnan Xijiadao. 1965 During the rectification of geographical names, "Nanxin Road" and "Cangnan West Hutong" merged into "Cangnan Hutong", forming a T-shape. A horizontal direction from east to west, from Nangong Jiangying Hutong in the west to Douban Hutong in the east; A vertical line in the north-south direction starts from Cangnan Hutong in the south and ends at Nanmencang Hutong in the north.
Now, from Nanmencang Hutong to Chaoyangmennei Street in the south, and from Chaoyangmen North Street to Chaoyangmen North Street in the east, a residential area of buildings has been built, called Cangnan Community. Sometimes Jia Hutong Primary School New Campus and Dongsi Olympic Community Park. Use Shajiabang's line-"It's not what it used to be, shotgun for gun".
The east-west intersection of Cangnan Hutong has run through Chaoyangmen North Street and Chaoyangmen North Street, and the road sign at the north-south intersection is marked with "Cangnan North Lane".
No.5 Cangnan Hutong is located on the north side of the middle section of Hutong, covering an area of more than 22,600 square meters, surrounded by walls, all of which are city bricks, just like a castle. The south wall is in Cangnan Hutong, the north wall is in Nanmencang Hutong, the east wall is in Luojia Courtyard, and the west wall is in Cangnan North Lane. Although the whole building faces south, but the street gate faces west, it is a wall-mounted gate with brick piers on both sides, which can enter and exit the truck; Although the street gate was built in "Cangnan North Lane", the house number was "Cangnan Hutong No.5".
No.5 Cangnan Hutong is now the dormitory of the unit. At present, the hospital is under construction.
1June, 986, Dongcheng District People's Government announced it as a "Duanfu" cultural relics protection unit.
This house was originally the base of the twenty-two sons of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), he was named Beizi. In the tenth year of Yongzheng, he became a member of Jinbeile and died in the eighth year of Qianlong (1743), so he was called "Qin Gong". Therefore, this house is also called "Qin Gong Bei Le Fu". Hiro, the eldest son of Yunyou, attacked Beizi in nine years and died in forty-nine years. His eldest son, Yong Zhi, attacked the Duke of Zhen in the same year, but was retired the next year. Therefore, the house is also called "empty house courtyard".
During the period of Beiyang government, Duan bought the "empty Xiamen University", built large-scale buildings and carried out large-scale reconstruction.
When Duan lived here, the street gate should face south, but the gate of the three-bedroom mansion was changed to a western-style iron gate; There is a big globe in the door, on which stands an eagle proudly, which was demolished during the Cultural Revolution. Originally, the building on the central axis of the mansion only had the main hall, and it was also expanded into nine wide buildings with a new corridor in front. The courtyard is surrounded by meandering water. There are two five stone bridges in front (south) and three in back (north). There are a group of western-style houses in the east, west and north of the backyard of the main hall. To the north is a two-story building, which is the main building. The east-west annex (first floor) is connected by cloisters, and the pillars are Gualing cement columns. There is a two-story western-style building on the east side of the main hall, which is said to be Duan Mu's residence. There is a ballroom on the west side of the main hall, with two windows, which is actually one floor. It is said that when Duan was in power, a State Council was held here.
No.5 Cangnan Hutong used to be Duan's residence, so it was called "Old Duan Fu".
"Old Duan Fu" probably cannot be interpreted as "Old Duan Didi". Because Duan also has real estate in the "Fu Xue Hutong" in the Jiaodaokou area of Dongcheng District. "Yan Dou Congkao" contains: "Wenwenshan Temple in Fu Xue Hutong was in its west, and once lived in its east when Duan He was not a prime minister." Therefore, Lao Duan Fu has an appraisal function, so it is also called Duan Ruiqi Ben Zhai.
Anhui warlord leader Duan (1865- 1936), formerly known as Zizhiquan, was born in Hefei, Anhui. Graduated from Tianjin Ordnance School and went to Germany to study military affairs. 1896, Yuan Shikai founded the Beiyang Army, and together with Wang Shizhen and Feng, he was called the "Three Heroes of Beiyang".
After the Revolution of 1911, Duan served as Chief of Staff, Chief of Staff and Prime Minister in Beiyang Government. After Yuan Shikai's death, Duan mastered the real power of the Beijing government. During his tenure as prime minister, he fought a "court battle" with Li Fasheng, and then introduced "restoration" and "swearing allegiance", which won a great victory and strengthened his real power in the Beijing government. 1920, Duan was defeated in the "direct Anhui war", but he still relied on the Anhui army in his hand to have an important influence in the warlord struggle.
1924, after the second direct service war, Duan was pushed to the throne of the interim government by Feng Yuxiang in contact with Zhang. During this period, Duan created the appalling "March 18th Massacre". On March 1926 and 18, people from all walks of life in Beijing held a "national demonstration against the ultimatum of the Group of Eight" in Tiananmen Square. After the meeting, the masses flocked to the front of the administrative government of Iron Lion Hutong to petition. Facing the unarmed and unprepared petition team, Duan brazenly ordered the guards to shoot, killing more than 40 people on the spot and injuring 100 people.
The March 18th Massacre shocked the whole country. Lu Xun angrily wrote that "March 18th is the darkest day since the Republic of China" and published a series of denunciative articles such as A Rose Without Flowers and In Memory of Liu Hezhen. Feng Yuxiang ordered Beiping garrison commander Lu to arrest Duan. Duan He fled to Tianjin and then moved to Shanghai.
1936165438+1October 2, Duan died in Joffrey Avenue apartment. 165438+1On October 5th, the National Government issued an order on Duan's state funeral. It turned out that after Duan's death, Chiang Kai-shek allocated 200,000 yuan to buy a cemetery in Huangshan. However, his son Duan Hongye thought that Nai's father had made a fortune in business, and his fame and fortune had been in the "Shi Jing" all his life, so he decided to help him go north and make a fortune in the suburbs. The coffin of section 65438+February 1 1 was transported to Beiping, where it was sacrificed for three days and temporarily stayed in the Buddhist temple, waiting for burial. Unexpectedly, this wait is 28 years.
The reasons are as follows: Duan lived in the Buddhist temple for less than a year, and Peiping fell. Of course, the Japanese puppet government will not recognize the decision of the national government to bury the section; After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Kuomintang authorities were too busy with the civil war to care. After the founding of New China, the people's government will not hold a state funeral for the dead warlords.
1964, Duan's old subordinates and old friends Zhang and others came forward and buried Duan's bones quietly in Shuizi District of Wan 'an Cemetery. Zhang also wrote an inscription on the front of the white marble tombstone: "Duan Gong's all-male red leaves, Hong Fan and Sun".
Zhang did not forget his old friends and thanked them for their kindness, which enabled Duan to sleep in peace 28 years after his death.