1. Excerpt from Zhu Ziqing's "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond"
I was alone on the road, walking with my hands behind my back. This world seems to be mine; I also seem to have transcended my ordinary self and entered another world. I love being lively and calm; I love being in groups and being alone. Like tonight, when a person is alone under this vast moon, he can think about anything and think about nothing, and he feels like a free person. Whatever you must do or say during the day can be ignored now. This is the beauty of being alone. Let me just enjoy the boundless lotus fragrance and moonlight.
On the surface of the winding lotus pond, looming are fields of leaves. The leaves are high in water, like the skirts of a graceful dancing girl. Among the layers of leaves, white flowers are dotted here and there, some are blooming gracefully, some are holding their petals shyly; just like a string of bright pearls, or like stars in the blue sky, and some are like stars in the blue sky. Like a beauty just out of the bath. The breeze passed by, bringing wisps of fragrance, like the faint singing from a tall building in the distance. At that time, the leaves and flowers also trembled slightly, like lightning, which immediately spread across the lotus pond. The leaves were densely packed side by side, and there seemed to be a ripple of solid blue. Under the leaves are veins of running water, which are covered and some colors cannot be seen; but the leaves are even more beautiful.
The moonlight is like flowing water, quietly flowing on this leaf and flower. Thin green mist floats in the lotus pond. The leaves and flowers seem to have been washed in milk; they are also like a dream wrapped in a veil. Although it was a full moon, there was a thin layer of clouds in the sky, so it couldn't shine brightly; but I thought this was just the right thing - a sound sleep is essential, but a nap also has its own flavor. The moonlight shines through the trees, and the dense bushes high up cast jagged and mottled black shadows, as steep as ghosts; the sparse shadows of the curved willows seem to be painted on lotus leaves. The moonlight in the pond is not uniform; but the light and shadow have a harmonious melody, like the famous music played on the Fan Erling (English transliteration of violin).
The lotus pond is surrounded by trees, far and near, high and low, among which willows are the most numerous. These trees surrounded a lotus pond; only a few gaps were left on the side of the path, as if they were specially left for the moonlight. The color of the trees is gloomy, and at first glance they look like a cloud of smoke; but the beauty of the willows can also be distinguished in the smoke. Faintly looming above the treetops are distant mountains, just a general outline. There are one or two street lights leaking through the cracks in the trees, looking listless like sleepy eyes. The liveliest sounds at this time were the cicadas chirruping on the trees and the frogs croaking in the water; but the excitement was theirs and I enjoyed nothing.
2. Excerpts from Lu Xun's "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore"
Needless to say, there are green vegetable beds, smooth stone well railings, tall acacia trees, and purple mulberries; Cicadas were singing in the leaves, fat wasps were lying on the cauliflower, and the light and agile skylarks suddenly jumped from the grass into the sky. The surrounding short mud walls alone are infinitely interesting. The oil flies sing here, and the crickets play the piano here. When turning over broken bricks, you sometimes meet centipedes; and cantharides. If you press its backbone with your fingers, it will snap loudly and a burst of smoke will be emitted from the rear orifices. Polygonum multiflorum vines and magnolia vines are intertwined. The magnolia vines have lotus-like fruits, and the polygonum multiflorum vines have swollen roots. Some people say that Polygonum multiflorum root has a human shape, and if you eat it, you can become an immortal. So I often pull it up and pull it up again and again. I have also damaged the mud wall because of it, but I have never seen a root that looks like a human. . If you are not afraid of thorns, you can also pick raspberries, which are like small balls made of small coral beads. They are sour and sweet, and the color and taste are far better than mulberries.
3. Excerpt from Chen Congzhou's "Speaking of Gardens"
Gardens can be divided into static and dynamic ones. This is the first thing we should consider before building a garden. What is meant by quiet viewing is that it is a viewing spot in the garden where tourists can stop more; dynamic viewing means that there should be a longer tour line. In terms of both, the small garden should focus on contemplation, supplemented by dynamic contemplation, and the courtyard should focus exclusively on contemplation. The large garden focuses on dynamic contemplation, supplemented by quiet contemplation. The former is like the Master of Nets Garden in Suzhou, while the latter is very similar to the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou.
There are many buildings where people can sit and stay when entering the Garden of the Master of the Nets. They go around the pond and count the fish in front of the threshold. There is a pavilion waiting for the moon to catch the wind. The shadows of flowers outside the pavilion move against the wall, and the mountains and hills serve as windows. It is like a painting, and there is stillness and interest. . As for the Humble Administrator's Garden, the path around the pond and the corridors attract people to follow, it is similar to the Slender West Lake where "painted boats pass under the bridge at noon, and the silhouettes of people in fragrant clothes are too hurried". The wonderful thing is that the shadows change with each step. This is a dynamic view. The intention comes first, and the text follows the intention. The distinction between movement and stillness is related to the nature of the garden and the size of the garden area. For example, the bonsai garden under construction in Shanghai should focus on contemplation. This is an example.
Chinese gardens are a comprehensive work of art composed of architecture, landscapes, flowers and trees, etc., and are full of poetic and picturesque flavor. Stacking mountains and regulating water should create a state of "although it is done by humans, it seems to be created by heaven". What is the relationship between mountains and water? In short, it is to imitate mountains and water, and use partial scenery instead of reducing it (the pond in the Master of the Nets Garden is modeled after the Tiger Hill and White Lotus Pond, which is wonderful), and the processing principles are in line with the painting book. The mountains have veins, the water has sources, and the veins are connected, making the whole garden vivid. I once used the words "water turns with mountains, mountains are alive because of water" and "streams become zigzag due to mountains, and mountain roots become flat wherever they go" to explain the relationship between mountains and rivers, which are the inspirations obtained from real mountains and real waters. In the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, Zhang Nanyuan, a mountain master, advocated the use of Pinggang Xiaopi and Lingfu Peiban, which meant that the garden landscape should be close to nature. If we can initially understand this principle, we will not be too far away from nature, and can more or less present the wonderful realm of the blending of water and stone.
4. Excerpts from Liang Shiqiu's "Ya She"
"Ya She" is best suited to a moonlit night - the terrain is higher, and the moon comes first. Look at the moon spitting out from the top of the mountain, and the red disk suddenly surges. In an instant, the clear light is shining, the sky is bright, the fields are silent, you can hear the barking of dogs, and all the passengers are quiet! There are two pear trees in front of the house. When the moon rises in the sky, clear light filters down from the trees, and the shadows underground are colorful. It is especially quiet at this time. Until the late afternoon, when everyone dispersed and I returned to my room to go to bed, the moonlight still forced its way in through the window, making me miserable. When the drizzle falls, "Ya She" becomes interesting again. Open the window and look out, just like Mi's arrangement, like clouds and fog, filling the air. But if it rains heavily, I feel uneasy again. There are thick marks everywhere on the roof. At first it is as big as a bowl, then it expands to the size of a basin, then it drips continuously, and finally the plaster on the roof suddenly cracks, like the first bloom of a strange flower. However, the whole house was in a mess, and there was no way to save him. This kind of experience is not uncommon.
The furnishings of an "elegant house" should only be described as simple, but they should be swept and brushed to prevent any dust. I am not a dignitary, so I am not allowed to have photos of the famous public figures in my room; I am not a dentist, so I don’t have a doctor’s degree to hang on the wall; I am not a barber, so the ten scenes of the silk-weaving West Lake and the photos of movie stars are not allowed to be in my room. wall. I have a few chairs and a couch, and I already have them all, so I don’t ask for them anymore. But although the furnishings are simple, I like to renovate them. Westerners often laugh at women who like to change the positions of tables and chairs, thinking this is a sign of a woman's tendency to change. Regardless of whether the accusation is false or not, I like change. The furnishings of old-style Chinese homes are all the same. There is a table in the main hall, an Eight Immortals table in front, an armchair on one side, and two armchairs and a coffee table on both sides. I think the furnishings should be sparse and uneven, and the worst thing is to avoid couples. There is nothing new in "Ya She", but the arrangement of everything is unconventional. When people enter my room, they know that this is my room. Li Weng's leisurely comments are exactly what I want.
5. Bing Xin's "Pictures"
Walking down the mountain gate, why did you ever want to find a secluded place?
Turning around the mountain col, there is a green grassland with endless shadows of towering trees. There is a curved stone bridge behind the trees, and two lions crouching behind the bridge in the afterglow. Looking back, there is only one broken tile and decaying wall, and the peeling red door is deeply closed. It turns out to be the mausoleum of my hometown! Why use it to lament the rise and fall and print a picture?
In the middle of the mountain, looking down from above, thousands of swallows are flying around the temple. The battlement-like walls, the white stone corridors, and the gatehouse with yellow and green glazed tiles are all exquisite and clear. In front of the building is the bright red sunset on the mountain, and behind the building are the plain village trees on the horizon, dark blue and rich purple. In the dusk, they merge together. Could it be Yuyu Qionglou? Could it be Yao Gong Bei Que? Why use it to search for poetry and print a picture?
As I walked with my head down, a fragment of a poem suddenly came to my mind. "There are no dwarf trees in the south of the Yangtze River in April, and everyone is in the green shade." Why bother to remember who wrote it, and why bother to remember the full text of this poem.
Only this has described all the people at the foot of the mountain!
6. Excerpt from "The Cambridge I Know" by Xu Zhimo
The spirituality of Cambridge is all in one river; I dare say that the Cambridge is the most beautiful water in the world. The name of the river is Granta, and it is also called Kiver Cam. There may be a difference between the upstream and downstream rivers, but I don’t know clearly. The river has many twists and turns, and the upper reaches is the famous Byron's Pool - Byron used to play there; there is an old village called Glenhurst, with a fruit orchard where you can lie down Drinking tea under the shade of peach and plum trees, the flowers and fruits will fall into your tea cup, and the little sparrows will come to your table to peck at them. It is really a different world. This is the upper reaches; the lower reaches are from Qiansidun, where the river spreads out and is a place for boat racing in spring and summer. There is a dam at the boundary between the upper and lower rivers, and the current is very fast. Listening to the sound of water under the stars, the evening bells of nearby villages, and the sound of tired cows grazing by the riverside is the most mysterious experience in my Cambridge experience: the sound of nature. Beauty, tranquility, and harmony are inadvertently submerged into your soul in the tacit understanding of starlight and waves.
7. Excerpts from Zhou Zuoren's "Wooden Boat"
If you leave the city, you have to walk thirty or forty miles (the mileage here is very short, one mile is only one-third of a mile) 1), there is always a day of preparation for the round trip. When you sit on the boat, you should have the attitude of traveling in the mountains. Look around you and see the mountains everywhere, the cypresses on the shore, the red and white cypresses on the river, the fishermen's houses, and various bridges. When you feel sleepy While sleeping in the cabin, you can take out your essays and read them, or make a bowl of tea and drink it. I like the area around Jianhu Lake outside the side gate, Hejia Pond, and around Hujin. You can also go to Lougong Port and ride a donkey to visit Orchid Pavilion (but I advise you to walk, riding a donkey may not be suitable for you). It is quite interesting to see Xue Li hanging on the east gate of the city when it is dark. If the road is not calm, you can sail to Hangzhou in the afternoon. The scenery is the most beautiful at dusk. Unfortunately, I have forgotten the names of this area. It is also very interesting to sleep in the cabin at night and listen to the sound of water, the sound of boats coming and going, and the barking of dogs and the crow of cocks in the countryside. Hire a boat to go to the countryside to watch temple operas. You can understand the real fun of old Chinese operas, and you can move freely on the boat. You can watch, sleep, and drink if you want. I think it can be regarded as an ideal way to have fun. . It's a pity that these performances and receptions have been banned since the reform. The imbeciles of the middle class have built "Shanghai-style" theaters in places such as the "Buye Guild Hall" and asked everyone to buy tickets to watch Shanghai's cat plays. You must not go to these places. --I'm afraid no one will recognize you when you visit my hometown, and because I'm teaching, I can't accompany you to play, sit on the night boat, and chat. I'm really sorry and melancholy. Kawashima-kun and his wife are now at the foot of the mountain. They could introduce you to them, but by the time you get there, they may have already left their hometown. In the early days of cold, be kind and cherish yourself,
never exhaust it.
8. Excerpts from Zhang Henshui's "Book of Readings"
At noon in the autumn window, there is no one in the small courtyard, sitting alone with my knees in my arms, chatting feels lonely, so it is better to read Zhuangzi's Qiu Shui.
In front of the chrysanthemums, there is wine on the table. Drink happily and have no thoughts. It is suitable to read Tao Yuanming's poems.
At dusk and sunset, you can do it with your hands behind your back. Now that you have this spare time, you will be full of joy and excitement, and it is a good time to read the collections of Huajian.
It’s snowing all over the sky, people are sitting by the stove lamp, shrinking like a hedgehog, and their arrogance is about to be sold out. It’s a good idea to read the chapter "Lin Chong Ao Xue" in "Water Margin".
Occasionally, I feel frustrated and annoyed, and wander around the small room. If I have some enlightenment, I should burn some incense, sit quietly and read the Shurangama Sutra.
The silver lamp is bright, the painting pavilion is warm in spring, and the fine gentleman is looking at it, threading the needle and talking at night, it is appropriate to read aloud, and read the West Chamber for Yi.
The moon is bright as a picture, the frost is clear in the sky, the autumn night is far away, and there are many guest feelings. It is suitable to read the poems of various poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Under the rose trellis, bees and butterflies are flying around. Who can not be drunk in youth, it is better to read Dream of Red Mansions carefully.
After being busy with trivial matters for several days and having no time to spare, after returning from the mundane world, it is advisable to read the Chronicles of Xiang Yu and the Biographies of Rangers.
9. Excerpt from Changing Clothes by Zhang Ailing
The skirt worn over trousers when going out is even more regular.
They are usually black. On festive occasions, the wife wears red and the concubine wears pink. A widow wears a black dress, but many years after her husband's death, if her parents-in-law are present, she can wear lake color or snow-green. The thin pimples on the skirt are the most stringent test of a woman's manners. A well-educated girl walks like a lily on the fence. Although her white skirt doesn't move at all, it only trembles the slightest. Xiaojiabiyu, who is not used to wearing skirts, gives people the impression of being in a storm when she walks. Even more demanding is the bride's red dress, with half-inch wide ribbons hanging from the waist, with bells tied at the ends. There should be only a faint jingle when moving, like the wind chimes on a pagoda on a distant mountain. It was not until around 1920 that the more free-spirited wide pleated skirts became fashionable, and this type of skirt was completely abolished.
Wearing leather and not being able to tolerate some outings, you are regarded as a nouveau riche. Leather clothing has certain seasons and is divided into categories in detail. If it's extremely cold in October, it's okay to wear three layers of leather. As for what kind of leather to wear, you have to take into account the season rather than the weather. Wear "small wool" in early winter, such as green sheep, purple lamb, pearl lamb; then wear "medium wool", such as silver rat, gray rat, gray spine, fox leg, Ganjian, Japanese sword; wear "big wool" in mid-winter, - —Zihu, Qinghu, Xihu, Xuanhu, and Sable. Only those with "famous status" can wear mink. People in the middle and lower classes used to be much wealthier than they are now, and most of them had a robe inlaid with gold and silver or sheepskin.
The "Zhaojun set" for girls adds a bit of color to the gloomy winter moon. According to the pictures of the past dynasties, the windbag worn by Zhaojun when he went to the fortress was Eskimo style, simple and elegant, and many Hollywood stars imitated it. The "Zhaojun hat" in China in the 19th century is crazy and gorgeous - a melon-skin hat with a circle of skin around the hat, a huge red pom-pom on the top of the hat, and two pink ribbons hanging from the back of the head. The ends of the belt are decorated with a pair of gold seals, which often strike each other and make sounds.
10. Excerpt from "Listen to the Cold Rain" by Yu Guangzhong
On rainy days, the roof tiles are floating with wet light, gray and gentle. When facing the light, they will be dimly bright, and when the backlight is dark, they will be dim. , for vision, is a low comfort. The rain hits the tiles with thousands of petals, from far to near, gently, heavily, gently, with streams of water flowing down along the tile grooves and eaves, and various percussion sounds and glide sounds are densely woven into a network. , whose thousands of fingers are massaging the helix? "It's raining," the gentle gray beauty came, her icy slender hands were fingering countless black and gray keys on the roof, turning noon into dusk. " "It's raining," the gentle gray beauty came, and her icy delicate hands were fingering countless black and gray keys on the roof, suddenly turning noon into dusk.
It may be a bit long, you can choose what you want
I will give you five more paragraphs from less "famous" writers. You may not know much about them, but they are already very familiar to me.
1. A fragment of Dong Qiao's "Zi Yuan"
Tai Jinnong's character is Tai Jinnong. He is elegant and thoughtful, bohemian without losing sense of proportion. He is cute in many places, but always. I can't get rid of that somewhat lonely look. Such people and words are indeed very affectionate. It is right not to just go out and hold a book exhibition casually. There are too many thoughts in his words, and it would be a bit abrupt to hang them all in the exhibition hall. Mr. Tai would definitely say: "It seems unnecessary."
Shen Yinmo's calligraphy has the atmosphere of pavilions and pavilions; Lu Xun's calligraphy is completely suitable to be displayed in the Literary Memorial Hall; Guo Moruo's calligraphy is the south study room on the palace corridor. A proud walk. But Mr. Tai's words can only be used to talk to the destined person by sitting across from each other in front of the window. I came back at midnight every day and walked into the study, and I always saw him sitting alone, as if he had something to say but didn't want to say it. Mr. Tai has always been there.
2. Excerpt from Chen Guohua's "Early Winter Moon"
Thank you for life and the gift of nature. My boat of life has banished the noise, pollution and crowding and docked in this moon. Color, I encountered this bright and dream-like scenery. Intoxicated by the sounds of the moonlight, I even forgot when and how I entered the moonlight, and I never thought of walking out of the moonlight and this peaceful and pleasant dreamland.
In the long river of time, we only have our own ray of moonlight. If we don’t cherish it, we will suffer a lot and everything will be wasted.
Don’t you see, this month has come from ancient times, experienced vicissitudes of life, experienced rise and fall, sent the wind and waves through the ages, and watched the flowers bloom and fall... The King’s Moon, the Frost Morning Moon, the Guanshan Moon, and the Red Wisp Moon are all gone! The mountains and rivers are silent, and I fall into a deep dream; people do not hesitate to see the moonlight for themselves, how should we grasp this ray of moonlight? The early winter moon hangs high in silence, and the beauty is like washing.
3. Excerpts from Su Xuelin's "Youth"
The weather is neither cloudy nor sunny, the seasons are cold and warm, sometimes it is a gentle breeze, sometimes it is drizzle, and sometimes it is spring. Crying and laughing at times, Chun is good at acting coquettishly. New leaf buds appeared among the branches, dotted sparsely and trivially. There was a yellow patch, a black patch, and a light green patch on the ground. It looked very unpleasant, but after a few days, it turned into a bright green cloud, and a strip of green clouds. The embroidered felt is covered with stars and wild flowers. The thick gray cloud pressing on your eyebrows will naturally make you feel suffocated, but in an instant it will turn into gauzy smoke or crisp drizzle. The newly married purple swallows came to visit my low rafters many times, murmuring softly, and discussing with each other. I knew they must have taken a fancy to my roof beams, and sure enough, a few days later, they carried mud and grass in their mouths and began to build their nests. In the distance, I don't know whether it is a thrush, a lark, or an oriole, trying to make a new sound. It changed forcefully and unnaturally, like a minstrel poet pondering his verses. Can't you hear the whisper of violets among the green leaves, the whisper of lilies of the valley among the fragrant grass, and the low smile of winter jasmine beside the flowing spring? I heard it very clearly. They were all dressed up, and they were just waiting for the goddess of spring to lift the embroidery curtain, and they would go out one by one to perform. Now they're a little floaty, a little impatient. Spring is ready. Spring is waiting.
After not going out for a few days, I accidentally set foot in the countryside, and a new world changed before my eyes. Red and purple are blooming everywhere, rainbow light is looming everywhere, melodious bird sounds are everywhere, and charming fragrance is floating everywhere. In the blue sky, peach-colored clouds stretch slowly, as if they have not had enough spring sleep and are still feeling anxious. sleeping state. But the flowing water cannot look down upon this young lady's voice. It is glowing with neon colors, singing a loud new song, and rushes to the giant river and the sea without looking back... Spring is brilliant, and spring is always moving towards fulfillment and completion. Walking on the road.
Spring is like the sea. The metaphor of the ancients is so wonderful and appropriate. Only the sea can describe the saturation of spring, the vastness of spring, the majestic overflowing of spring, and the surging vitality and business of spring.
Spring is at work, busy at work. It has to prepare for the prosperity of summer, the fertility of autumn, and the rest of winter. What if it doesn’t work? But Chun is working and playing at the same time. Chun is happy.
Spring is not like the depression of summer, the solemnity of autumn, or the dead silence of winter. It is always lively, crazy, growing and developing. Spring is young.
4. Excerpt from Hu Lancheng's "Mo Shang Mulang"
When the silkworms come to the village, people from the city come to Hu Village to open scales and collect cocoons, and the connoisseurs stay in the villagers' homes. The gold rings they wore, the soaps they used, and the white washcloths they used were all new things from overseas ports, and the women had good intentions when they saw them. Moreover, there are also young men from the city who can’t help but tease the women who are doing laundry and vegetables by the stream. However, they all respect the foreigners. Once they respect the foreigners, the minds of the host and guest will be quiet. If they tease, they will just be like the sunshine of the stream. Qianlang, there is no need to be ashamed of others. Cocoon guests come here every year, but when I was a child, I never heard anyone say there was a romance.
At this time, every family was unpacking cocoons, which were as bright as snow. They were unpacked by women and children, and the men picked them to be sold in cocoon shops. Cocoon shops were opened in various villages and towns in the Three Realms. On the road, there are people picking cocoons, asking each other questions and evaluating the prices of each house. What they get from selling cocoons are newly minted silver coins, which makes people's eyes bright and their hearts bright. If the price is not right and the money is not available, they will reel the silk themselves and then sell it in the city. However, women from each family will also leave some cocoons to reel the silk and collect it for emergencies or private savings. Things in this world.
5. A fragment from Zhou Zexiong's "The Changes of Reading and Writing"
The ancients wrote slowly and read slowly; today's people write fast and read quickly. I know that in some industries, speed reading skills need to be developed. There is a special chapter on speed reading skills in American barrister Lee Bailey's famous book "The War of Words Handbook".
To give a mundane example, if you spend money to go to a massage parlor, you definitely don’t want the other party to use overly quick tactics to get rid of you. Since you are enjoying life, no matter how much the world promotes speed, you don't want to reduce the time you enjoy. Taking Go as an example again, those who can think for half an hour instead of one minute per move are always better at playing. Marx read "Homer" once every year, and Maugham also read Shakespeare regularly. Can we laugh at their low reading efficiency? It is this kind of sunbathing-like reading that perfectly fulfills their excellence. When it comes to wonderful literary works, reading quickly is not a skill; reading slowly is a skill.
This is an information age. The power of information has given rise to a turbulent reading tendency. As a result, more and more readers are becoming more and more accustomed to facing literature with the same attitude towards information. One of the symptoms of this attitude is a "keyword" craze. I'm not talking about keywords in academic papers - although I have never been fond of such "keywords" that are usually smeared at the beginning of articles - but metaphorically alluding to a reading tendency that looks for keywords in a text, something like The lawyer finds the core content from the dossier.