The county government is the maintenance organization of feudal hierarchy and traditional etiquette in a county, and it is also the center of local political, economic and cultural rule. In particular, all kinds of buildings such as halls on the central axis have a more core position in the county government, and their cultural connotation is very profound.
Facing the screen wall of the house door
In ancient government offices and buildings, there were often illuminated walls in front of their gates. In front of the eight-character gate of the official residence in Jinyun County, there is also a solemn straight-line photo wall, which is the product of Feng Shui consciousness. Because China's traditional geomantic omen pays attention to guiding qi, it is considered that qi can't go straight to the main hall, otherwise it will be unlucky. To this end, a high wall is built in front of the house gate, which not only blocks the space and blocks the purlin, but also keeps the air flowing smoothly and plays a role in guiding the air.
On both sides of the zhaobi, there are two east-west symmetrical pavilion buildings, namely "Jingshan Pavilion" and "Shenming Pavilion" advocated by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The so-called "propaganda", that is, the meaning of solemnly declaring, repeatedly enlightening and defending the accusation, is essentially to preach and punish evil. Therefore, there is a wooden black lacquer plaque hanging in the Shen Ming Pavilion, which is called "List". The yamen regularly announces the decision to deal with local bad people and how to punish them. Surrounded by fences, tourists can only look back on them in case the bad guys erase those ugly names. People on the "black list" must accept the control education in the village and the supervision of neighbors. If you don't do it again for three years, you can declare it by the village and verify it by the yamen, and bet on "changing careers" in its name; Six years without a crime, the name will be removed. If you don't commit another crime within three years and have good deeds, you can turn over a new leaf and get rid of the notoriety. The Jingshan Pavilion, which corresponds to the function of Shen Mingting to announce bad deeds, hangs a red painted board in the pavilion, which is specially used to praise local "such as filial piety, emergency rescue, helping weddings and funerals, solving disputes and lawsuits, turning thieves into good deeds, filling hunger and applying medicine, repairing bridges, burying bones without owners, and collecting money" (Tang Zheng, episode of Zhang Qing Boxing). In order to educate people to stay away from evil, purify people's hearts and build a harmonious society.
gate
The gate of the yamen in Jinyun County, along the left and right sides of the gate, is divided into two walls with a 30-degree angle, forming a figure of eight, which means that the yamen faces south. Just as the county magistrate shows dignity by sitting facing south, the eight-character wall in front of the yamen is also unparalleled "dignity". First of all, most of the "imperial edicts" that need to be known to the people are hung or posted on the eight-character wall, becoming the information release center of the "highest instructions". And receiving the "Oracle" is a scene of slapstick. At the same time, in order to help people deeply understand and implement the Oracle, the yamen often sends teachers and students from counties and schools to set up a stage in front of the yamen, hang lanterns and hold publicity activities on the Oracle. In addition to the "imperial edict", various notices are often posted on the eight-character wall to convey the instructions of the imperial court and the higher-level government, as well as the notices or bans issued by the county chief, which makes it play an important role in issuing government orders and news. It can be seen that the ancient yamen entrance is not as solemn as people think, but there is always excitement to see.
Yimen
Enter the eight-character yamen, the second door of yamen, the etiquette door, and stand face to face. This is a building that strengthens the etiquette system. The blue wall of the instrument door is covered with gray tiles, and a lion's head knocker and a brass nail are hung on the door, which is very dignified and solemn. The instrument door is usually closed tightly. Only when the imperial edict is read, the magistrate of a county takes office, welcomes guests, or has a major celebration, will the instrument door be opened wide to show grand ceremony. There are east and west corner gates on both sides of the instrument gate, with the east as the top, which are called "People Gate" or "Hi Gate" for the magistrate and others to enter and exit normally. The west corner gate is called "ghost gate" or "dead gate", which is usually closed. It will only be opened when the prisoner is arraigned and the death row is escorted for execution.
hall
The majestic Sancha Hall, also known as "public hall" or "main hall", is the most magnificent and symbolic building among the county government buildings in the Ming Dynasty. The scene of the magistrate's going to court, hearing, interrogating and judging the case is placed in this lobby. There is also a commonly known as "litigation hall" in the hall. Yuan Mei, a famous litterateur in the Qing Dynasty, passed through Jinyun in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782) and saw that "the county magistrate sued for raising pigs and laughed at it". For details, please refer to Supplementing Poems with Fate. After 180 and 1962, Guo Moruo was deeply moved by this record. And wrote in "Notes on Reading Poems in the Garden": "Raising pigs in the court is a good poem, and the official in Jinyun County is a good official." Yuan Mei saw a pig near Jinyun's "Litigation Hall", which may be true. But it is ironic to say that the county magistrate raises pigs above the "court". One reason is that the county government's "sparrows are small and complete", and there are more people eating. It is also possible that the servant of the official's son raised one or two pigs with leftovers from the kitchen and ran out because of lax captivity. Secondly, Yuanmei has more than 30 people. The purpose of going to the county government is to let the county officials receive them to visit Xiandu, but this county magistrate refused on the grounds of "rising streams". Yuan Mei swam all the way, where is the government paying the bill, bustling and welcoming? Only this Jinyun county order won't buy his account. Can Yuan Mei not write an article about "pigs" and satirize the magistrate? Guo Moruo, on the other hand, thinks that this pig-raising magistrate is an "honest official" because "pigs are very useful", which is inevitably biased. Of course, this is beside the point, needless to say.
On the aisle between the lobby and Yimen, there is a stone-blocking pavilion (hereinafter referred to as "Zhen Shi Pavilion"). In the 29th year of Qianlong (1764 ~ 1767), Dai Yi, Hu Ling was appointed as the magistrate of Jinyun county, and the pavilion was transformed into a stone-stopping workshop. Jieshi Square is not as high as an ordinary archway. The beam in the south is engraved with the words "Gong Shengming", and the column in the north is engraved with the words "Two winds and two roads, people paste people fat; It is the motto of the emperor to warn local officials not to take bribes and pervert the law and abuse government to harm the people. Sitting in the lobby to interrogate the case, the county grandfather can see this Oracle Bone Inscriptions by looking up slightly, and its intention is both good and bitter.
There are two rooms between the lobby and the instrument door, each with seven rooms, with officials, households and ritual rooms in the east and soldiers, criminals and workshops in the west, which are collectively called "six rooms". The "six departments" are the specific offices of the county government corresponding to the "six departments" of the central government. Each house is managed by the chief executive of a county as a whole and performs its duties. The instrument door is connected with six rooms and corridors, and connected with the lobby, blending into one.
The gate of the building
There is a "house door" between the lobby and the second hall. In front of the house, there is a "squad room" opposite the east and west hatchbacks, where the gatekeepers take turns to be on duty and stay there day and night. The gate of the house is the throat of the inner room. Although the door is humble, it is the confidant of the magistrate of a county and bears the responsibility of conveying and defending. Anyone who wants to plead with the magistrate must ask for help. Otherwise, you will be locked up here, which is the origin of the so-called "taking the door".
Ertang
Inside the door of the house are two halls. Every day, in addition to being promoted to the director of the lobby in the morning, the magistrate of a county often handles daily affairs here and convenes subordinate small-scale research affairs separately. In addition, the trial of civil cases generally does not need a strict atmosphere in the hall, so most civil cases are tried in the second hall. Some criminal cases that are not suitable for public trial will also be tried in secret here.
Neilou
The inner building is the inner room. Passing through the second hall is the inner hall of the magistrate's daily life. The official's son's home in Jinyun County has also been repeatedly destroyed. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong, three buildings were built and the plaque of "once and for all" was hung. There are two left and right wing rooms and two east and west gallery rooms. Later, I don't know when it was changed into a five-story building with three wings.