1. National Standard Sample Plot 1
The classification unit number of National Standard Sample Plot 1 is 445121010302, located in Xuelong Village, Anbu Town, Chaoan County, Chaozhou City, and its purpose It is basic farmland and the current utilization is paddy field. The soil layer of this standard sample plot is deep, the soil texture is heavy loam, the organic matter content is 2.74%, the pH value is 5.65, the profile configuration is full-body soil, the groundwater level is low, the field surface is flat, the irrigation conditions are level 1, and the drainage conditions are level 2. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 1 are shown in Figure 7-1.
Figure 7-1 Landscape and cross-section of National Standard Sample Plot 1
2. National Standard Sample Plot 2
Location of National Standard Sample Plot 2 The classification unit number is 445121053003, located in Dibian Village, Dongfeng Town, Chaoan County, Chaozhou City. It is used as basic farmland and the current use is paddy field. The soil layer of this standard sample plot is deep, the soil texture is heavy loam, the organic matter content is 2.67%, the pH value is 6, the profile configuration is full soil, the groundwater level is low, the field surface is flat, the irrigation conditions are level 1, and the drainage conditions are level 2. The landscape and section of national standard sample plot 2 are shown in Figure 7-2.
Figure 7-2 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 2
3. National standard sample plot 3
National standard sample plot 3 is located in Miaobei Village, Lingshan Town, Panyu District, where the unit number is 440113113203144. This standard sample plot is representative and can represent the status of agricultural land in Panyu. It is the cultivated land with the best agricultural production conditions and land quality in the district.
Panyu has a south subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 21.9°C. The average temperature in January, the coldest month, is still 13.3°C, while the average temperature in July is 28.4°C. The annual frost-free period is more than 340 days, and the average annual accumulated temperature 8000℃, the average annual precipitation is 1655.7 mm.
The soil type of this standard plot is mud and meat field. The tillage layer is thick, ranging from 7 to 21 cm, with a moderate proportion of sand and mud. The structure is soft and honeycomb-shaped, making it easy to rake. There is a lot of black mud and oil, and mud beads are easy to form in the open fields. It has strong fertility and stable stamina. The soil structure is good, retains water and fertilizer, is hydrophobic and breathable. Moderate pH, no rust or other toxic substances. Its cross-sectional characteristics are as follows: ① 0 to 21 cm: yellowish gray, loam, honeycomb structure, soft, with a few rust spots, many pores, many and thick roots, pH 7; ② 21 to 46 cm: black gray, clay loam, Massive structure, slightly solid, with obvious rust spots, few pores, many roots, pH 7.2; ③ 46 ~ 100 cm: gray-yellow, clay loam, massive structure, soft and loose, obvious rust spots, more pores, few roots , pH 7.3.
The standard plot is located in a plain area with flat terrain and an altitude of less than 10 meters. The basic construction of farmland is in good condition, with sound infrastructure, flat plots, fully guaranteed irrigation, and sound drainage facilities. The rice yield per unit area is 850 kg/mu. It is close to the urban area, has convenient transportation, high degree of intensification, and high economic benefit levels of main crops. The land use coefficients of early rice are 0.722 and late rice are 0.661. The land economic coefficients of early rice are 0.687 and late rice are 0.638. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 3 are shown in Figure 7-3.
Figure 7-3 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 3
4. National standard sample plot 4
This standard sample plot is located in Jieyang City Paotai Town, Jiedong County is a basic farmland protection zone. The unit number is 4452210503005, which belongs to collective land. The natural quality index of agricultural land in this unit is 3128, the utilization index is 2671, and the economic index is 2269.
The soil type of this standard sample plot is mud soil in the cultivation type paddy soil. The organic matter content of the cultivated layer is 1.87%. The texture of the surface soil is medium loam. The soil layer is deep and has good structure. The layer is soft and fertile, with good water and fertilizer retention properties. The soil structure is soil/sticky/sticky, with no barrier layer, and there is no soil erosion or pollution. This soil is a high-yield field that has been cultivated for a long time, carefully cultivated and matured.
Figure 7-4 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 4
The standard sample plot is located in a plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain, slope <2°, and groundwater level. It is relatively deep, with a diving depth of more than 60 cm, a large plot of land and flat ground. The area is 178.5 acres. The farmland water conservancy facilities are relatively complete, the irrigation guarantee rate is fully satisfied, the drainage conditions are good, floods are not prone to occur, and the accessibility of field roads is good. The standard grain yield of rice in the past three years was 1,371 kg/mu. Good location, convenient transportation, located near the national highway. The main crops grown are early rice, late rice and sweet potato. The land use coefficient and land economic coefficient of rice are 0.8538 and 0.8496 respectively. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 4 are shown in Figure 7-4.
5. National Standard Sample Plot 5
This standard sample plot is located in Fengnan Village, Jinggang Office, Jieyang City. The subdivision unit number is 445204010421. It belongs to collective land. The natural quality index of the unit is 3158, the utilization index is 2690, and the economic index is 2238.
The soil type of this standard sample plot is river alluvial alluvial soil in the retention-type paddy soil, which is dark brown. The organic matter content of the cultivated layer is more than 3%, and the surface soil texture is Medium loam soil, with deep soil layer, good structure, soft and fertile plow layer, good water and fertilizer retention performance, soil structure is full-body soil, no barrier layer, and there is no soil erosion and pollution. This soil is a high-yield field that has been cultivated for a long time, carefully cultivated and matured.
The standard sample plot is located in a plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain, slope <2°, deep water table, phreatic depth greater than 60 meters, large plot, flat ground, and an area of ??237.83 acres. . The farmland water conservancy facilities are relatively complete, the irrigation guarantee rate is fully satisfied, the drainage conditions are good, floods are not prone to occur, and the accessibility of field roads is good. The standard grain yield in the past three years is 1,490 kg/mu. The location is very good, located at the junction of Fengnan Village and Yucuo Village. The main crops are early rice, late rice, and winter sweet potato, and the land use coefficient and land economic coefficient are 0.8519 and 0.8319 respectively. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 5 are shown in Figure 7-5.
Figure 7-5 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 5
6. National standard sample plot 6
The standard sample plot is located in Jieyang City The subdivision unit number of Dongzhai Village of the South Office is 445204031001, which belongs to the basic farmland protection zone.
The soil type of this standard sample plot is river alluvial alluvial soil in the storage type paddy soil, which is dark brown. The organic matter content of the cultivated layer is more than 3%, and the surface soil texture is Medium loam soil, with deep soil layer, good structure, soft and fertile plow layer, good water and fertilizer retention performance, soil structure is full-body soil, no barrier layer, and there is no soil erosion and pollution. This soil is a high-yield field that has been cultivated for a long time, carefully cultivated and matured.
The standard sample plot is located in a plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain, slope <2°, deep water table, phreatic depth greater than 60 meters, large plot, flat ground, and an area of ??432.19 acres. . The farmland water conservancy facilities are relatively complete, the irrigation guarantee rate is fully satisfied, the drainage conditions are good, floods are not prone to occur, and the accessibility of field roads is good. The standard grain yield in the past three years is 1496 kg/mu. It has a good location and convenient transportation. It is located near the junction of Dongzhai Village and Meidou Village, on the south bank of Beijiang River, a tributary of Rongjiang River. The main crops grown are early rice, late rice, and winter sweet potato, and the land use coefficient and land economic coefficient are 0.8519 and 0.8319 respectively. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 6 are shown in Figure 7-6.
Figure 7-6 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 6
7. National standard sample plot 7
This standard sample plot is located in Dianbai Wenche Village, Lintou Town, County, where the subdivision unit number is 440923007021001, is located in Fufo Village, Xianggang Town. The utilization type is irrigated paddy field, the soil parent material is developed from river alluvial deposits, and the profile configuration is whole-body soil. The surface layer of the cultivated layer is loam, which is moist and loose, dark brown-grey in color, with fine particles, agglomerate structure, fully developed porosity, and contains a large amount of animal residues and plant roots. The lower part of the tillage layer is grayish-yellow-brown, contains more water, is humid, and has more root tissue. The thickness of the entire tillage layer is 25 cm.
The bottom layer of the plow is charcoal black with red color, moist, fine-grained, slightly tight soil, with a small amount of plant root tissue, and a thickness of about 20 cm. The inner soil layer is yellow-red, moist, compact, with rust spots and few root traces. The parent material layer is loam, relatively moist, with a thickness of about 50 cm.
After observation, the standard plot has no calcium nodules, intrusions and barrier layers. It has good irrigation facilities and excellent drainage conditions. It is close to residential areas and is convenient for farming. The multi-year average yield of early rice is above 7500 kg/ha, and the multi-year average yield of late rice is above 7500 kg/ha. The annual average temperature is 26°C, the accumulated temperature is 8115°C, the frost-free period is 340 days, and the average annual precipitation is 1750 mm. Its land use type is paddy field, which is a mud-bottomed field. The soil layer is deep and the cross-section configuration is full-body soil. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 7 are shown in Figure 7-7.
Figure 7-7 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 7
8. National standard sample plot 8
This standard sample plot is located in Gaozhou City The subdivision unit number of Bajiaoshan Village, Baoguang Street is 440981014013016. Its utilization type is irrigated paddy fields, the soil parent material is river alluvial deposits, and the profile configuration is full-body soil. The soil of the cultivated layer is heavy soil, which is hard and cracked during drought, and sticky when wet. It is light gray, with a massive structure, fully developed porosity, medium plant root tissue, rust, and strong water and fertility retention. The thickness of the entire cultivated layer is about 30 cm. The bottom layer of the plow is grayish-yellow, with a blocky structure, compact soil, a small amount of plant root tissue, and a thickness of about 15 cm. The retention layer is grayish-yellow, with a prismatic structure. The soil is tight, rusty, moist, with a small amount of root tissue, and the thickness is about 40 cm. The matrix layer is yellow-gray and soft.
After observation, the standard plot has no intrusions and barrier layers, good irrigation facilities, excellent drainage conditions, and convenient farming. The average multi-year yield of early rice is 7500 kg/ha, and the average multi-year yield of late rice is 7500 kg/ha. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 8 are shown in Figure 7-8.
Figure 7-8 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 8
Figure 7-9 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 9
9 . National standard sample plot 9
This standard sample plot is located in Zhonghe Village, Xindong Town, Gaozhou City, and its subdivision unit number is 440981019017013. The land use type is irrigated paddy field, the soil parent material is weathered material of granite and gneiss, and the cross-section configuration is full soil. The surface layer of the cultivated layer is light soil, dry, loose, grey-brown, with a granular structure, fully developed porosity, well-developed plant root tissue, and few traces of animal activity. The thickness of the entire cultivated layer is about 25 cm. The bottom layer of the plow is grey-brown, moist, with a blocky structure, the soil is compact, there is a small amount of plant root tissue, and the thickness is about 20 cm. The matrix layer is dark gray, moist, soft, and about 50 cm thick.
After observation, the standard plot has no intrusions and barrier layers, good irrigation facilities, excellent drainage conditions, and convenient farming. The average multi-year yield of early rice is 8250 kg/ha, and the average multi-year yield of late rice is 6750 kg/ha. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 9 are shown in Figure 7-9.
10. National Standard Sample Plot 10
This standard sample plot is located in Luoba Village, Diaofang Town, Xingning City. The subdivision unit number is 4414810502001, which is collective land. The natural quality index of this unit is 3215, the utilization index is 2972, and the economic index is 2644.
The soil type of this standard sample plot is mud soil in the cultivation type paddy soil, with clear layers, deep cultivated layer, texture from light soil to heavy loam, and a moderate proportion of sand and mud. , in the form of broken pieces or micro-granular structures, good permeability, soft and slippery, good tillability, rich in organic matter, total nitrogen and total potassium, medium phosphorus, the average organic matter content is 3.95%, total nitrogen is 0.195%, and all Phosphorus is 0.163% and total potassium is 2.2%. The pH of the tillage layer is slightly acidic to neutral. The bottom layer of the plow has a blocky structure. The texture is medium to heavy soil, which is relatively compact and has appropriate water and fertilizer support capabilities and leakage capabilities. The texture of the retention layer is medium to heavy loam, which is conducive to the exchange of water and materials between the upper and lower layers, and is conducive to the deep penetration of crop roots.
The mud meat field is a high-yielding rice soil that has been intensively cultivated and highly matured by farmers through long-term application of farm organic fertilizers.
The standard sample plot is located in a plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain, slope <2°, deep water table, phreatic burial depth greater than 60 meters, large plot, and flat ground. Farmland water conservancy facilities are relatively complete, which can fully meet the needs of irrigation, have good drainage conditions, are not prone to floods, and have good accessibility to field roads. The standard grain yield of rice in the past three years is 1077 kg/mu. Good location and convenient transportation. The main crops are early rice and late rice, and the land use coefficient and land economic coefficient are 0.9244 and 0.8896 respectively. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 10 are shown in Figure 7-10.
Figure 7-10 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 10
11. National standard sample plot 11
This standard sample plot is located in Lianjiang Nalang Village, Tangpeng Town, is located in the classification unit number 440881170400. The land use type is irrigated paddy field, the soil type is sandy mud field, the soil parent material is weathered granite, and the cross-section configuration is full-body soil. The surface layer of the cultivated layer is medium soil, relatively moist, loose, light gray-yellow in color, with a fragmented structure, fully developed porosity, well-developed plant root tissue, and many traces of animal activities. The thickness of the entire cultivated layer is about 20 cm.
After observation, the standard plot has no intrusions and barrier layers, good irrigation facilities, excellent drainage conditions, and convenient farming. The average multi-year yield of early rice is 6500 kg/ha, and the average multi-year yield of late rice is 6500 kg/ha. The landscape and section of national standard sample plot 11 are shown in Figure 7-11.
Figure 7-11 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 11
12. National standard sample plot 12
This standard sample plot is located in Qingyuan City Tangtan Village, Zhouxin Street, Qingcheng District, is located in the subdivision unit number 4418020107004, with an area of ??45.19 hectares (sample area is 0.2 hectares). The annual average temperature is 22.1℃, the accumulated temperature is 7000℃, and there are 365 frost-free days. The annual average Rainfall is 2200 mm. The land use status is paddy field, the soil type is river mud field, the soil texture is heavy loam, the profile configuration is whole soil, the organic matter content is 2.692%, the soil thickness is 100 cm, the soil nutrient status is good, the total nitrogen content is 0.145%, The total phosphorus content is 0.080%, the total potassium content is 2.394%, the available phosphorus is 12.580ppm, the available potassium is 49.56ppm, and the pH value is 5.3. The shape of the plot is rectangular, 2 kilometers away from the central town, the width of the field road is 2 meters, the irrigation guarantee rate and drainage conditions are both first-class, and there is no pollution. The standard grain yield of early rice is 6075 kg/ha, that of late rice is 5925 kg/ha, and that of winter sweet potato is 17287 kg/ha. The total standard grain yield is 20644 kg/ha.
The natural quality index of this standard plot is 2927, and the natural quality index is 15; the utilization index is 2662, and the utilization index is 14; the economic index is 2169, and the economic grade is 11. . The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 12 are shown in Figure 7-12.
Figure 7-12 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 12
13. National standard sample plot 13
This standard sample plot is located in Shantou City The subdivision unit number of Qiaoqian Village, Jinzao Town, Chaoyang District is 44051310600701, which belongs to permanent agricultural land. The soil type is Wuchao Mudtian, which belongs to the genus Wuchao Mud of the genus Chaosha Mud soil, which is a type of paddy soil. This soil type has deep soil layer, good tillability, wide sowing suitability, high nutrient content, and the soil texture is mainly heavy loam. The cross-section configuration is full-body soil.
The standard sample plot is located in a plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain, slope <2°, deep water table, phreatic burial depth greater than 60 cm, large plot, and flat ground. The farmland water conservancy facilities are complete and have good drainage capacity, fully ensuring irrigation. It has a good location, convenient transportation, and a high degree of intensive agricultural management. The production conditions and utilization levels of peanuts and sweet potatoes are among the highest in the region.
The early rice yield is 515 kg/mu, the late rice yield is 505 kg/mu, the sweet potato yield is 2911 kg/mu, and the actual standard grain yield is 1602.2 kg/mu, which is among the highest ranges in the town. The natural quality index is 3345, the land use coefficient reaches 0.87, the land economic coefficient is 0.90, and the utilization index and economic index are 2910 and 2620 respectively. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 13 are shown in Figure 7-13.
Figure 7-13 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 13
14. National standard sample plot 14
This standard sample plot is located in Shaoguan City Huangwu Village, Danxia Town, Renhua County, where the classification unit number is 440224108204002, belongs to permanent agricultural land and is within the scope of the basic farmland protection zone. The geographical coordinates are 113°10.826′ east longitude, 25°29.688′ north latitude, and 112 meters above sea level.
Figure 7-14 Landscape and profile of national standard sample plot 14
The soil properties of this standard sample plot are sandy mud fields, the soil texture is medium soil, and the soil pH value is 6.0. The organic matter content is 2.5%, there is no barrier layer, no rocks are exposed in the field, the soil profile configuration is full soil, and there is no soil pollution. The land is flat, the infrastructure is complete, and it has good drainage capacity, which can fully guarantee irrigation. It is close to the town and belongs to a hilly area with convenient transportation. There are no industrial plants around and it is not polluted by industry. It has a high degree of intensive agricultural utilization. The production conditions and utilization levels of early rice, late rice, peanuts, sweet potatoes, etc. are among the highest in the town. The land use coefficient reaches 0.7361 and the land economic coefficient is 0.7888. The utilization grade index and economic grade index of the agricultural land grading unit where the land parcel is located are 2171 and 1599 respectively. The natural quality grade of agricultural land is grade 15, the utilization grade is grade 11, and the economic grade is grade 8. The yield of early rice is 1,000 jins/mu, that of late rice is 1,000 jins/mu, that of sweet potato is 2,000 jins/mu, and that of peanuts is 300 jins/mu, which are among the highest ranges in the town. The landscape and section of national standard sample plot 14 are shown in Figure 7-14.
15. National Standard Sample Plot 15
This standard sample plot is located in Gaolian Village, Dongtang Town, Renhua County, Shaoguan City. The subdivision unit number is 440224105219009 and it is permanent. Agricultural land is within the scope of basic farmland protection areas. The geographical coordinates are 113°39.578′ east longitude, 25°04.474′ north latitude, and 101 meters above sea level.
The soil of this standard sample plot is a mud meat field, the soil texture is medium soil, the soil pH value is 7.0, the organic matter content is 2.5%, there is no barrier layer, no rocks are exposed in the field, and the soil profile configuration is: The whole body is covered with soil and there is no soil pollution. The plot has good flatness, complete infrastructure, good irrigation conditions and sound drainage facilities. It is close to the town and belongs to a hilly area with relatively convenient transportation. There are no industrial plants around and it is not polluted by industry. It has a high degree of intensive agricultural utilization. The production conditions and utilization levels of early rice, late rice, peanuts, sweet potatoes, etc. are among the highest in the town. The land use coefficient of the agricultural land classification unit where the land parcel is located is 0.7500, the land economic coefficient is 0.7503, the utilization index and the economic index are 2187 and 1773 respectively; the natural quality index is 15, and the utilization index and economic index are 11 respectively. etc. and 9 etc. The yield of early rice is 1,000 jins/mu, that of late rice is 1,000 jins/mu, that of sweet potato is 2,000 jins/mu, and that of peanuts is 490 jins/mu, which are among the highest ranges in the town. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 15 are shown in Figure 7-15.
Figure 7-15 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 15
16. National standard sample plot 16
This standard sample plot is located in Shaoguan City Sugong Village, Baitu Town, Qujiang District, is located in the subdivision unit number 440221111009008. The geographical coordinates are 24°41′55″ north latitude, 113°28′48″ east longitude, and an altitude of 55 meters. The purpose is basic farmland, the current land use is paddy field, and the soil texture is sandy mud field.
The soil-forming parent material is wide-valley alluvial deposits with deep soil layers, and the effective soil thickness is greater than 1 meter. The soil profile configuration is whole soil, the surface texture is medium soil, the organic matter content is 2.9%, the pH value is 5.9, the phreatic depth is greater than 100 cm, the plot is flat, the farmland infrastructure is complete, the drainage and irrigation conditions are level 1, and the farming system is level 1. There are two crops per year, with early rice yields of 9,000 kg/ha and late rice yields of 8,250 kg/ha. The natural quality grade of the agricultural land in this plot is grade 15, the utilization grade is grade 12, and the economic grade is grade 10. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 16 are shown in Figure 7-16.
Figure 7-16 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 16
17. National standard sample plot 17
This standard sample plot is located in Gaoyao The third village of Yangang Town, Yangang Town, is located in the classification unit number 4412830403002. The annual average temperature is 26°C, the accumulated temperature is 8115°C, the frost-free period is 340 days, and the average annual precipitation is 1750 mm. The land use type is paddy field, which belongs to mud and meat field, and the cross-section configuration is soil soil. Located in a plain area, the field surface is flat, the effective thickness of the soil layer is about 140 cm, the groundwater level is below 60 cm, and there are no calcium nodules, intrusions and barrier layers. The surface soil of the cultivated layer is medium soil with more clay particles, but the structure has acceptable air permeability, is grey-brown in color, has high moisture content, has good water and fertilizer retention properties, is rich in organic matter, has high available nitrogen content, and has medium available potassium content. However, there is a lack of available phosphorus and there are many animal residues and plant roots. The thickness of the entire tillage layer is about 20 cm. The core soil layer is brown-gray, contains a large number of rust spots and rust lines, has finer particles, and has high moisture content. The subsoil layer is brown and has a massive structure. The soil is heavy and compact, with high water content and slow water flow. The irrigation guarantee rate is level 1, there is no pollution, and it is close to residential areas. The multi-year average yield of early rice is 7400 kg/ha, and the average multi-year yield of late rice is 7250 kg/ha. The natural quality index is 3042, and the natural quality index is 16; the utilization index is 2788, and the utilization index is 14; the economic index is 2614, and the economic quality is 14. The landscape and cross section of national standard sample plot 17 are shown in Figure 7-17.
Figure 7-17 Landscape and cross-section of national standard sample plot 17