According to historical data, this is a famous event in the history of China. It happened in April of Song Qinzong Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 127). Jin Jun attacked Tokyo (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), captured the Emperor of the Song Dynasty, his father and son, the royal family of Zhao, concubines and courtiers of the harem, and officials of civil and military affairs, and escorted them to the north and northeast. On the day the city was broken, Tokyo was looted. On the way to the escort, the Jin people forced Huidi and Qin Emperor to take off their robes and kneel down to Emperor Taizong. According to the Record of Prisoners in Song Dynasty, the women in the Northern Song Dynasty once "exposed themselves in sheep's clothing" with Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, that is, performed the so-called "sheep hug ceremony" by Jurchen. This is the surrender ceremony of the state of Jin. Captives, male or female, should be naked, dressed in sheep's clothing, tied around their necks, and shown off like sheep, indicating that they should be slaughtered like sheep. After arriving in the capital of the State of Jin, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were forced to wear mourning clothes and go to the temple in Akuta, Jin Taizu, which meant that Di Chin would offer prisoners to their ancestors.
According to historical records, this matter is called in a very heavy style: the shame of Jingkang, also known as the chaos of Jingkang, the difficulty of Jingkang and the disaster of Jingkang. Yue Fei, an anti-gold hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote indignantly in the poem "Man Jiang Hong": "Jingkang is ashamed, but the snow is still there, and courtiers hate it. When will it be eliminated! " . The shame of Jingkang led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, which was like an unforgettable pain for Han people who believed in orthodox rule from generation to generation.
Planning, participating in the defeat of the Northern Song Dynasty army, attacking Tokyo Kaifeng Imperial City, looting Tokyo City, and taking away Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, the brains of the two Song Dynasty emperors, were all Hong Yan and Xi Yin. His stone statue still stands in the riverside park outside Linjiangmen, Jilin City.
Many people only know that Lan Shu is a major agricultural grain-producing county in Jilin Province, but they don't know that Lan Shu is the hometown of Hong Yan, the Nuzhen Saint in the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties more than 900 years ago. Yin Xi, a Hong Yan, helped the Nuzhen Hong Yan tribe to establish the Jin State, annexed the Liao State where the famous soldiers fought all their lives, and finally made the Jin State rule most of China.
Anyone who has read the history of the Song Dynasty and heard Yue Quanzhuan knows that the decline of the Song Dynasty is related to the rise of the northern state of Jin. Yue Fei is an anti-gold hero admired by everyone. While people admire Yue Fei, they also firmly remember the technique of Jin Wu, the leader of many countries. It seems that without Jin Wu, it is not shameful for Song Huizong and Song Qinzong to be occupied by Guo Xu. It seems that without Jin Wushu, there would be no history of Zhao Gou, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, being forced by the State of Jin to settle in the south of the Yangtze River, thus forming a humiliating little court in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, it was not Jin Wushu that really contributed to the rise of the Jurchen nationality in the Song Dynasty, the establishment and prosperity of the Jin State, the annexation of the Liao State and even the repeated defeats in the Great Song Dynasty, but Wan Yan Yin Xi, the founding father of the Jin State, the minister of history and the left prime minister. She was resourceful and created the writing and governance etiquette of the Jin State. Because he is more qualified than Jin Wushu (Wan Yanzong Bi).
Yan Hong Yin Xi's hometown is Lengshan Mountain in Jin Dynasty, which is adjacent to shulan city and Heilongjiang provinces in Jilin Province. Yan Hong Yin Xi's family mausoleum was built on the western "dry mountain" between shulan city East Village and Jichang Village.
According to the literature, Mohong from Heishui, who lived in Heilongjiang valley in the Tang Dynasty, moved south to Songhua River valley in the early12nd century and gradually developed into a Jurchen Wanyan tribe. The Yin Xi family in Hong Yan may have moved to Lan Shu during this period. The place names of Lengshan Mountain appear many times in the History of Jin and the Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty's Song Dynasty. Hong Yan Xiyin lived in Lengshan until she followed Jin Taizu Hong Yan Akuta. According to the fact that the cemetery in Xiyin exists, many historians conclude that Lengshan in the history of Jin Dynasty is now shulan city.
Wan Yan Yin Xi Family Cemetery is located in the mountains northeast of a small town in southeastern shulan city, 12 Huali. As can be seen from the satellite map, the cemetery is located in the embrace of "dry mountain", with undulating mountains and dense forests. Overlooking the surrounding area with the coordinates of Wanyan Yin Xi Cemetery located in the valley, the rolling hills are densely covered with lush forests, and the east and west peaks are like two Youlong, winding down from the top to the left and right, forming a vast valley. The tomb used to be a meadow with a very wide field of vision, but now it is an idyllic place. The five tombs of Yin Xi family in Wan Yan extend horizontally 10, covering an area of about 654.38+300,000 square meters. The cemetery with the huge stone tablet of Hongyan Xiyin is located in the second of the five cemetery areas. Judging from the popular geographical geomantic omen in Song Dynasty, this cemetery does have a trend of being guarded by Youlong. This is completely in line with the cultural accomplishment and tomb selection criteria of Hongyan Xiyin family, who is proficient in and respects China culture!
The map of Jilin Province published in the past mistakenly labeled this cemetery as the tomb of West Korea, and the local people have always mistakenly labeled the Yin Xi family cemetery in Wan Yan as "the tomb of North Korea". In the 20th year of Guangxu reign (1895), Yang Tonggui, the magistrate of Changchun, discovered the "tombstone" of Hongyan Xiyin. The inscription I saw at that time had "disappeared" and "the monument was interrupted and collapsed". At that time, Changshun, Jilin General, thought that this monument had the important value of "filling the historical gap", so he ordered people to collapse. Later, Wan Yan Yin Xi's "tombstone" inscription was included in his main work "Jilin Tongzhi", which made this important ancient monument famous at home and abroad. Mr. Luo, an ancient philologist in China, also sorted out and recorded the inscription in Manzhou Stone Carvings.
Hong Yan Xiyin is a jurchen, whose real name is Gu Shen, and also translated as Wushi and Wushi. Hongyan Xiyin family is a branch of Jurchen Hong Yan family. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Khitan nationality, a nomadic people in Northeast China, rose up and established the Liao State. Since then, the Jurchen nationality, a fishing and hunting nationality living in the northeast, has been enslaved by the Liao State for a long time. In the late Liao dynasty, the political situation was chaotic, and the court of Liao country constantly exploited Nuzhen. 1 1 12, when Emperor Tianzuo of Liao went to Changchun for a party, he abused the chief of Nuzhen tribe at will, which aroused the hatred of Akuta, and he decided to rebel against Liao Dynasty. In the fourth year of Liao Tianqing (1 1 14), akuta sent troops to take an oath against Liao. From then on, Xi Yin followed Akuta Yan Hong, repeatedly offered strategies, fought in the south and fought in the north, crusaded against Liao, and repeatedly made outstanding achievements, becoming an important counselor of Akuta Yan Hong. After Jurchen's victory in the first battle of Liao, and immediately came from the front to congratulate Akuta, and advised Akuta to be proclaimed emperor after the founding of the country. In the fifth year of Liao Tianqing (1 1 15), Hong Yan Yan Hong Akuta proclaimed himself emperor, and the Jin Dynasty was established in the northeast of Song Dynasty. The capital is located in Huining House, which is now Acheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province. From then on, Hong Yan became the founding minister of the State of Jin.
Baidu Encyclopedia summed up the history of Wan Yanxin's participation in the invasion of Song Dynasty by Jin State, saying that after the establishment of Jin State, it began to destroy Liao and Song Dynasty on a large scale. After the demise of the Liao Dynasty, Hong Yan Yin Xi followed Hong Yan Han Zong for a long time to discuss the Song Dynasty's crusade to the east and the west. However, their attitudes towards China culture are totally different. After Nomads from Yangzhou returned to Xijing (Datong, Shanxi), it was in the Song Dynasty that Hong Hao was appointed as the ambassador of Dajintong. Hong Yan Han Zong detained Hong Hao and refused to return to the Song Dynasty. However, Hong Yan Sheen cherished Hong Hao's talent, but let him teach his children to read Confucian classics at home for nearly ten years. After Wan Yan Han Zong and Wan Yan Yin Xi led the Jin Bing to attack the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (Kaifeng, Henan), Wan Yan Han Zong led his troops to plunder the treasures and property of the people in the Song Dynasty, while Wan Yan Yin Xi was completely different. He led the soldiers to seize all the books of the Song Dynasty and the people's books first.
Hong Yan Xiyin is a person who loves Chinese characters very much, but after the founding of the State of Jin, Khitan characters have been used in letters. The Encyclopedia of China generally says that Jin people had no words at the beginning, and the country became stronger and stronger. They made friends with neighboring countries and used the Khitan script. Jin Taizu Hong Yan Aku ordered Hong Yanxi to write his own words and prepare the system. This is exactly the original intention of Hong Yan Yin Xi, so he created the female straight character (that is, Jurchen character) according to the imitation of Han Chinese characters, following the Qidan writing system and combining the national language of Jin State. In the third year of Tianfu (1 1 19) in August, the Jurchen figure was successfully created, and Jin Taizu was very happy to see it. "Life has been promulgated. Give Yin Xi a horse and a coat. "
Lin Yun, former vice-president of Jilin University, a senior professor and expert in gold history, said in shulan city: "Lan Shu is the place where Wan Yan Yin Xi created Jurchen characters." Mu, a professor at Northeast Normal University and an expert on Jin history and Jurchen writing, said: "Long before the founding of New China, such writing was recorded in the library of Peking University, and the ancestors of Jurchen culture were He Xiyin. Lan Shu is the hometown of Yan Hong Yin Xi ... "Guo Changhai, an expert in jurchen culture and gold history and former director of Jinshangjing History Museum in Heilongjiang Province, said:" Acheng in Heilongjiang Province and the small town of Lan Shu have always had an indissoluble bond. As the birthplace of Jinyuan culture, they have the same long history and cultural resources. " Deng Wei, a senior professor at Liaoning University and an expert on Jurchen culture and Manchu culture, said: "As a scholar who has studied Jurchen culture for many years, I feel the heavy historical and cultural information carried by Lan Shu. Jurchen culture can be said to be the Western Yin culture in Hong Yan to a great extent. As the hometown of Hongyan Xiyin, it has a unique advantage to build a brand of Jurchen culture in Lan Shu ... "
Why is Wan Yan Xi Yin the hero of Jin Guo's "shame of Jingkang" in Song Dynasty? Yuan Tengfei said that Xiyin was a famous figure in history in the series of "Hundreds of Lectures, Northern Dynasties". It is said that when he was the prime minister of the State of Jin, he personally planned to capture the two emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty-Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, which is known as "the shame of Jingkang" in history. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jin Taizu soldiers fought against the Liao Dynasty in two ways (the five Jing in Liao refers to the collective name of Linhuang Mansion in Beijing, Dading Mansion in Beijing, Liaoyang Mansion in Tokyo, Xijing Mansion in Nanjing and Datong Mansion in Xijing). 1 1 19 Hongyan Xiyin and Jin Jun West Road Army destroyed Liao together. 1 120 years, the marked army captured the Huanglinfu in Shangjing, and the Liao Dynasty lost half of its land. 1 122, Yan Yan Yin Xi followed Yan Yan Han zong, the deputy commander, and defeated Liao Xi Wang Xia in Bei 'an County (now Chengde West, Hebei Province). Later, he defeated the Liao army in Gubeikou (now northeast of Miyun, Beijing), pursued the Liao emperor Lu Ye Yan Xi in Yuanyanglong (now Anguli Nao, northwest of Zhangbei, Hebei) and Baishuilong (now Huangqihai, Chayouqian Banner, Inner Mongolia), and captured Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi). At this time, Wan Yan Yin Xi was appointed as the Southwest and Northwest Route Army.
1 125, the state of Jin launched a war to destroy the Song Dynasty, and divided troops from Shanxi and Hebei to the south. Yan Yan Yin Xi was appointed as the right governor of Marshal Jin Guo, and Yan Yan Han Zong and others led the marked army of Xijing (Datong) to take Taiyuan and kill Kaifeng House. Because Li Gang and others led the troops to defend Tokyo (Kaifeng), Jin Guo could not even attack, so he had to announce peace talks. However, in 1 126, Wan Yan, Wang Zong and Wan Yan-Han, two sects of Jintai, attacked Kaifeng House, captured two emperors, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, and more than 3,000 people, including the royal family of the Song Dynasty, civil and military ministers, queens' concubines and Wang Sun, were escorted back to the north, which is known as the "Jingkang Revolution" in history. Since then, the Northern Song Dynasty has perished. 1 129, Wan Yan Han Zongzong and Wan Yan Zongfu were ordered to pursue Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, and Yin Xi, Wan Yan, led troops to capture Yangzhou and stationed troops in Jiangbei to meet Wan Yan Zongbi (the fourth prince of Xu Jin Guo) and other troops fighting in the south of the Yangtze River. In the whole battle to destroy Liao and attack Song, he was not only a warrior who led troops to fight, but also a counselor who made great contributions to Jin Taizong. (Refer to Jin Shi and Baidu Encyclopedia)
1 132, Jin Taizong proposed the establishment of Chu Division, and He Zonggan demanded that Qi (d·m·4n) be "extremely proficient", and Jin Taizong adopted their opinions. Jin Guo's vigorous system decided the country's major policies in the form of collegiality of a few senior core officials. It was a political system that assisted the emperor and was similar to collective leadership. Recommended by Xu Jing and others, he entered the core of Xu Jin's leadership. 1 135 years, made Xu Emperor and became Emperor Xizong. At that time, Hongyan Xiyin was the prime minister and assistant minister of Shangshu Zuo, and opened the third branch of Yin Tong to seal Wang Chen. During this period, he advocated learning from China culture, helped Jin Xizong to imitate the Song Dynasty and change the ritual system, and replaced the "proficient in class and extremely fierce" system of the Jin State with the six-part system of the three provinces in Tang and Song Dynasties, and carried out a comprehensive political system reform of the Jin State.
11In June, 37, Emperor Xizong of Jin wiped out Han Zong's influence and punished Han Zong's confidant Shangshu and Zuo Prime Minister Gao Qing for accepting bribes. Soon, Han Zong died in anger. 1 138 Wan Yan Yin Xi asked for retirement, but Jin Xizong refused, but he was removed from the post of prime minister and demoted to the magistrate of Zhong Xing. In the first month of A.D. 1 139, Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty reused the resourceful Wan Yan Yin Xi as the left prime minister and appointed Wang Chen as the left prime minister.
In the feudal society of China, the power and political struggle within the court of any dynasty were very fierce and cruel. Jin Guo, which just entered the feudal society from slave society, has not been refined. 1 139, Wan Yanzong Bi (decorated by Jin Wu Shu) designed and killed Wan Yanzong Pan, the province-saving Taishi and Ling San, the province-saving Taibao and Ling San. 1 140 years, Hong Yanzong secretly played Jin Xizong, and framed Hong Yanyin, who had made great achievements, as "a traitor has sprouted, and his heart has no monarch". Yan Hong was executed for this incident. 1 143, after investigation, the Emperor of the State of Jin decided that the death of Hong Yanxi Yin was not his crime, rehabilitated him, and granted Fu Yitong No.3 Division and Xingguo Gong a reburial. In 1 15 1 year, he was posthumously named Yu Wang. Its cemetery is in the south of Jichang Village, a small town in shulan city, Jilin Province. (China Encyclopedia) However, the murder of Xi Yin in Wan Yan caused great losses to the development of the State of Jin. Xu Jin chased him, and it was too late to regret it.
The fuse that killed Hong Yan Xiyin was-1 140. In September, Hong Yan Sheehan went south to Yanjing with Emperor Xizong. Wan Yanzong Bi (Jin Wushu) conquered Henan and Shaanxi, and then went to Yanjing to see Jin Xizong. At the farewell banquet when Wan Yan Zongbi returned to Marshal's Mansion, the discord between Yan Yan Yin Xi and Wan Yan Zongbi caused Wan Yan Zongbi's great anger. The next day, when Wan Yanzong Bi said goodbye to Queen Peiman, she explained in detail Wan Yan Yin Xi's "bad words and deeds" last night. After Yan Zongbi left, the queen immediately reported the matter to Jin Xizong, who immediately sent someone to recover Yan Zongbi, listened to his statement and allowed Yan Zongbi to kill Yan Yin Xi.
In this way, the jurchen sage Hong Yan and his son Xi Yin were killed. After that, he was buried in the Yin Xi family cemetery in Lan Shu, Jilin Province, by the Songhua River at the foot of Changbai Mountain.
Things change, heroes are doomed. Just as Su Dongpo, a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, chanted "The History of the Three Kingdoms" in his emotional poem "Burning Red Cliff": "The river of no return, the waves wash away all the romantic figures through the ages." We might as well continue the mink behind the dog's tail and follow the following sentence by mistake: "Lan Shu, Jilin, and humanity are the beauty of the golden state."