The Ming Tombs are a world cultural heritage, a national key cultural relics protection unit, a national key scenic spot, and a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction.
The Ming Tombs are located at the foothills of Tianshou Mountain in Changping District, Beijing, with a total area of ??more than 120 square kilometers and about 50 kilometers away from Tiananmen Square. The Ming Tombs are located in a small basin surrounded by mountains on three sides in the east, west and north. The tomb area is surrounded by mountains, and the central part is a plain. There is a winding river in front of the tomb. From the construction of Changling in May of the seventh year of Yongle (1409) until the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, was buried in Siling, during more than 230 years, thirteen emperors' tombs, seven concubines' tombs, and one eunuch's tomb were built. The emperor buried thirteen emperors, twenty-three queens, two princes, more than thirty concubines, and two eunuchs. As of 2011, the scenic spots that have been opened include Changling, Dingling, Zhaoling, and Shenlu.
Every time I pass by Changping Xiguan on the expressway to Badaling, I see the statue of Li Zicheng in the middle of the Xiguan roundabout.
The first time I saw this statue was at the Xiaoying intersection, and later it was moved to Changping here.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established his capital in Nanjing. After his death, he was buried in Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing, known as the "Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum". The second emperor Zhu Yunwen (Emperor Jianwen) sent troops to Nanjing because of his uncle Zhu Di in the name of "Jingnan" (relieving the emperor from danger). Emperor Jianwen did not know where he ended up. Some people say that he became a monk, but his whereabouts are unknown (this is an unsolved case in the history of the Ming Dynasty), so there is no mausoleum. The seventh emperor, Zhu Qiyu, ascended the throne at the behest of the Queen Mother and ministers because his brother Yingzong Emperor Zhu Qizhen was captured by Wala, leaving him without an owner in the palace. After the Yingzong was released, under the planning of his close associates, he carried out a "revolution to seize the gate", restored the Yingzong, and became emperor again. Zhu Qiyu was killed. Yingzong did not recognize him as the emperor and destroyed the mausoleum he built in the Tianshou Mountain area. As a "king", he was buried in Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs of Beijing. In this way, two of the sixteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty were buried elsewhere, one was missing, and the remaining thirteen were buried in Tianshou Mountain, so they were called the "Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty."
Changling-Chengzu Yongle Emperor Zhu Di
Ming Changling
Ming Changling is the first of the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty. It is the home of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhu Di and Queen Xu The joint tomb is located at the southern foot of the main peak of Tianshou Mountain in Changping District, Beijing. The Changling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty was built in the seventh year of Yongle (1409). It has the largest construction scale among the Thirteen Tombs and the earliest construction time. The mausoleum is large in scale, the materials are strictly used, the construction is fine, the construction is numerous, and the construction took a long time. Only the underground palace It lasted four years. The buildings above ground are also the best preserved. The mausoleum building in Changling covers an area of ??about 120,000 square meters. Its plane layout is in the shape of a circle in front and back. The square part in front of it consists of three courtyards connected from front to back. It is the ancestral mausoleum among the Thirteen Tombs and one of the most important tourist attractions in the mausoleum area. In 1961, it was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
The Ling'en Hall was the place where the succeeding emperor worshiped the Yongle Emperor and his empress. It was built on a three-story platform carved from white marble and paved with gold bricks. The hall is nine rooms wide (66.56 meters) and five rooms deep (29.12 meters), symbolizing the emperor's "Ninth Five-Year Plan" position. All wooden parts are made of golden nanmu, which is antique. Sixty large golden nanmu pillars with a diameter of more than one meter and a height of more than ten meters support the roof of the 2,300-square-meter double-eaves verandah, which is majestic and unique in the world. The thickest gold pillar with double eaves is 12.58 meters high and has a base diameter of 1.124 meters. It is a rare and beautiful tree in the world.
The tomb of Guo, the concubine Gongsu, is located in Tianshou Mountain at the foot of Yanshan Mountain in Changping District, northwest suburbs of Beijing. It is one of the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty. The construction of Xianling Mausoleum started after Renzong's death. Before his death, Renzong left an edict: "Since I have been under the emperor for a long time, and my kindness has not been passed on to the people, I cannot bear to work hard, so the Shanling system must be frugal." From the start of construction in July of the first year of Hongxi to the completion of Xuanying in August, Renzong was buried with only for three months. Ground buildings are also being constructed one after another. In August, the Ministry of Works was ordered to build the gate tower, enjoyment hall, left and right verandah halls and the divine kitchen. The Ming Tower was built in December of the seventh year of Zhengtong (1442), and in March of the following year, all the mausoleum buildings were completed.
Participating in the construction of the cemetery were 10,000 sergeants commanded by Nanjing garrison Xiangcheng Bo Li Long, 118,000 craftsmen from the Jiangbei Prefecture Flag Guard near the Nanjing Shipyard, as well as soldiers recruited from Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhili, Fengyang, Daming and other prefectures. There are 50,000 civilians.
Jingling Mausoleum - Xuanzong, Xuande and Zhu Zhanji
Ming Jingling Mausoleum
Ming Jingling Mausoleum is the site of Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji, the fifth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his queen Sun Shi The joint burial mausoleum is located under the east peak of Tianshou Mountain (also known as Black Mountain). It took more than 100,000 people to build and was completed on March 19, 1463.
Yuling Mausoleum - Yingzong Orthodox Zhuqi Town
Ming Yuling Mausoleum
Ming Yuling Mausoleum is located at the southern foot of Shimen Mountain, the west peak of Tianshou Mountain, the Ming Tombs. The sixth emperor Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen and his queens Qian and Zhou are buried together in the mausoleum. Yuling was completely damaged after years of wind and rain, and was completely repaired in 2001. Yuling was built on February 29th in the eighth year of Tianshun (1464) after the death of Yingzong. The eunuchs Huang Fu and Wu Yu, Funing Bo Zhu Yong, Minister of Industry Bai Gui, and ministers Kuai Xiang and Lu Xiang were ordered to supervise the construction. work. More than 80,000 military and civilian craftsmen participated in the construction. From construction to completion, the cemetery only took nearly four months. The buildings of Yuling Mausoleum were renovated in the 50th to 52nd years of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1785-1787), and the situation was the same as that of Xianling Mausoleum. During the Republic of China, the Lin'en Hall was demolished during the war, and the Lin'en Gate was burned in the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917). Now all the gates of the mausoleum are ruins, and the other buildings are still well preserved.
Maoling - Xianzong Chenghua Zhu Jianshen
Ming Maoling
Ming Maoling is located at the foot of Jubao Mountain on the right side of Mingyu Tomb in the Thirteen Tombs of Ming Dynasty. The eighth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Ming Xianzong, Zhu Jianshen, and his three queens, Wang, Ji and Shao, are buried together. He died on August 22, the 23rd year of Chenghua (1487), at the age of 41. Posthumous posthumous title: "Emperor Wensu, Wu, Hongde, Shengxiaochun, Emperor Wensu, Wuhongde, Shengxiaochun, who followed Tian Ningdao, Cheng Mingren and respected him". Maoling was buried on December 17 of the same year. The construction of Maoling Mausoleum was started in September 1487. In December of the same year, Xuan Palace was completed and Emperor Xianzong and Ji family were buried. In April 1488, the mausoleum was completed, which took eight months. The shape of Maoling Cemetery is roughly the same as that of Yuling Cemetery, but its scale is slightly larger. Behind the glazed screen wall in Baocheng there are stepping stones in both directions, which is different from other tombs.
Tailing Mausoleum - Xiaozong Hongzhi Zhu Youtang
Ming Tailing Mausoleum
Ming Tailing Mausoleum is located at the southeast foot of Bijia Mountain in Changping District, Beijing. It is also known as "Shi Jiatai", or "Shijiashan", is the joint burial mausoleum of the ninth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Xiaozong Zhu Youtang, and his queen Xiaokang Zhang.
Kangling Mausoleum - Wuzong Zhengde Zhu Houzhao
Ming Dynasty Kangling Mausoleum
Ming Kangling Mausoleum is located at the eastern foot of Lianhua Mountain in the Tianshou Mountain Mausoleum District of Changping. It is the 10th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Wuzong Zhu Houzhao. and the tomb of Queen Xia. It took one year to build the mausoleum. The overall layout follows the previous system, with a round shape in the front and a back. Kangling is the tomb with the most brick inscriptions among the Thirteen Tombs discovered so far. The mausoleum was built in the 16th year of Zhengde (1521) and covers an area of ??27,000 square meters. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Kangling was burned down, and during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was renovated.
Yongling Mausoleum - Emperor Shizong Jiajing Zhu Houcong
Yongling Tomb of Ming Dynasty
Yongling Tomb of Ming Dynasty is located at the southern foot of Yangcuiling in Tianshou Mountain, Changping District, Beijing. It is the 11th one of Ming Dynasty The mausoleum where Emperor Sejong Zhu Houcong and his three empresses Chen, Fang and Du are buried together. Zhu Houcong's reign title is "Jiajing" and is known as Emperor Jiajing in history. He reigned for 45 years, making him one of the longest reigning emperors in the Ming Dynasty, second only to Emperor Shenzong Zhu Yijun's reign of 48 years. Due to Zhu Houcong's long reign, the Yongling Tomb of Emperor Jiajing was second only to the Changling Tomb of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty in construction scale, and it has been well protected so far.
Yongling has unique architecture and large scale. It is the representative tomb among the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty. Yongling is famous for the fact that the "Yongle Dadian" may be buried with it.
Zhaoling-Muzong Longqing and Zhu Zaiye
Ming Zhaoling
Ming Zhaoling is located in Changping District, Beijing. It is one of the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty. , at the eastern foot of Dayu Mountain, is the burial mausoleum of the twelfth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Muzong Zhuzai, and his three queens. The Zhaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty has been repeatedly damaged in history. It was restored in April 1987 and completed in 1992. It is the first large-scale restored and repaired cemetery among the Ming Tombs. It is also one of the officially opened tourist attractions in the mausoleum area.
Dingling - Shenzong Wanli Zhu Yijun
Ming Dingling
Ming Dingling is the mausoleum of Zhu Yijun (reign name Wanli), the thirteenth emperor of the Ming Dynasty Shenzongxian. Two of his queens (Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing) are also buried here. Dingling is located at the foot of Dayu Mountain and southwest of Changling. It was built from 1584 to 1590 (from the 12th year of Wanli to the 18th year of Wanli). The main buildings of Dingling include the Lin'en Gate, the Lin'en Hall, the Baocheng, the Ming Tower and the underground palace. It covers an area of ??182,000 square meters. It is one of the excavated mausoleums among the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty. During the "Cultural Revolution", Dingling was criticized as a "god, ghost and snake god", and the bones and coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two queens were destroyed. Moreover, due to people's lack of awareness of cultural relic protection at that time and the specific historical period at that time (mainly referring to the Cultural Revolution and the destruction of the Four Olds), a large number of silk fabrics unearthed at Dingling were not effectively protected and quickly weathered. Therefore, the excavation of Dingling was also considered It is a great tragedy in the history of archaeology.
Empress Xiao Duanxian (1564-1620), surnamed Wang, originally surnamed Huang, named Sister Xi, was born in Yuyao (now Yuyao, Zhejiang), and was born in the capital. Her father was Yongnian's uncle Wang Wei. Sister Wang Xi was the only queen who was personally registered during the 48-year reign of Emperor Shenzong Zhu Yijun of the Ming Dynasty. In April of the forty-eighth year of Wanli (1620), Sister Wang Xi, who lived and ate with Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty at that time, died at the age of 57 after years of hard work and taking medicine. She was nicknamed Queen Xiaoduan. He was in the imperial palace for forty-two years (1578-1620) after he was established. He had a reputation of kindness and filial piety. She is the longest reigning queen in Chinese history. The grieving Ming Shenzong fell ill five days later and died in July of the same year. When Ming Guangzong came to the throne, his posthumous title was Queen Xiao Duan Zhen Ke Zhuang Huiren Ming Bi Tianyu Shengxian. Guangzong died suddenly after only a month in power. After Ming Xizong came to the throne, he had time to register the treasures and bury them together in the Dingling Tomb of Ming Shenzong and the temple of the god's master.
1 Six Dragons and Three Phoenix Crown
Queen Xiaoduan’s phoenix crown is 35.5 cm high and about 20 cm in diameter at the base. The dragon is made entirely of gold, and the phoenix is ??made of jadeite craftsmanship (a technique of decorating with kingfisher feathers). Among them, the top of the crown is decorated with three dragons: the dragon in the middle is holding a drop of jewels in its mouth, facing forward; the dragons on both sides are facing outward, making a soaring shape, with a Ruyi cloud head made of filigree under it, and the dragon head is holding a long string of jewels in its mouth. Before the three dragons, there are three green phoenixes in the middle. The phoenixes are all in the shape of spreading their wings and flying, and the jewels they hold in their mouths are slightly shorter. The remaining three dragons are decorated in the middle position behind the crown, and they are also in flying posture. The lower layer of the crown is decorated with large and small pearl flowers. The middle of the pearl flowers is inlaid with red and blue gems, and is surrounded by green clouds and green leaves. There are temples on the left and right sides of the crown, with three leaves on each side. In addition to being decorated with a golden dragon, each fan is also decorated with emerald clouds, emerald leaves and pearl flowers, and is surrounded by strings of beads connected to the left and right. The entire phoenix crown is inlaid with 128 gemstones (including 71 rubies and 57 sapphires) and decorated with 5,449 pearls. Because the dragon and phoenix pearl flowers and temples are symmetrical, the dragon and phoenix have vivid postures, and the jewelry is bright and radiant, the phoenix crown gives people a dignified but not rigid, gorgeous and harmonious artistic feeling. The noble status is thus best reflected.
2 Kowloon Nine Phoenix Crown
Queen Xiaoduan’s phoenix crown is 27 cm high, 23.7 cm in diameter, 2320 grams in weight, with more than 3500 pearls and more than 150 gemstones of various colors. This crown is made of lacquered bamboo tied into a hat, and the fabric is made of silk. The front is decorated with 9 golden dragons, with beads dripping from its mouth. There are 8 emerald golden winds, and there is also a golden phoenix at the back, with 9 dragons. 9 phoenix. The lower part of the back is decorated with dots of emerald green on the left and right sides, and gold dragon beads are inlaid on the temples. This luxurious crown is inlaid with more than a hundred rubies and more than 5,000 pearls.
Huai'an County). There was Ming Guangzong and Princess Zhu Xuanyuan of Yunmeng. Concubine Wang Gong was originally a maid of Cining Palace. In the ninth year of Wanli (1581), Ming Shenzong went to Cining Palace to pay her respects to Empress Dowager Li (Ming Shenzong's biological mother). She favored her on a whim, and later gave birth to a boy, Ming Guangzong Zhu Changluo. In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), she was granted the title Gongfei. In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli (1606), she was promoted to the imperial concubine. In the same year, she was granted the title of imperial concubine. She died in September of the thirty-ninth year of Wanli (1611). After her grandson Mingxizong ascended the throne, he posthumously named her queen. Because the ministers and the Queen Mother had firmly supported her son as the crown prince for more than 30 years, against the wishes of Ming Shenzong himself, Wang was tortured in every way during his lifetime and lived a miserable life; she was always neglected by her husband, persecuted by her beloved concubine, and He was bullied by slaves and imprisoned for a long time; in the end, he cried blindly and died in grief and anger.
3 Three Dragons and Two Phoenix Crowns
The phoenix crown of the Empress Dowager Xiaojing is 26.5 cm high and 23 cm in diameter. The phoenix crown is made of more than 100 red and sapphires and more than 5,000 large and small pearls. , bright in color and magnificent, it can be called the crown of treasures.
4 Twelve Dragons and Nine Phoenix Crown
Empress Xiaojing’s phoenix crown is decorated with twelve dragons and phoenixes, one dragon on the top of the front, seven dragons in the middle, and five phoenixes on the bottom; one dragon on the top of the back, There are three dragons in the lower part and a phoenix on each side. The dragon may be soaring with its head held high, or standing upright on all fours, or walking, or galloping, with different postures. The lower part of the dragon is a green phoenix spreading its wings. Both dragons and phoenixes hold jewelry strings in their mouths, and the lower parts of the dragon and phoenix are decorated with beaded flowers. Each flower is inlaid with 1, 6, 7, or 9 gems in the center, and each gemstone is surrounded by one or two circles of beads. In addition, 90 green clouds and 74 green leaves are decorated between the dragon and phoenix. The gold ring on the crown is decorated with a jewelry band, the edges are inlaid with gold bars, and 12 gems are inlaid in the middle. Each gemstone is surrounded by 6 pearls, and the gemstones are separated by pearl flowers. There are six leaves on the temples, each decorated with a golden dragon, 2 jeweled flowers, 3 beaded flowers, and beads hanging from the sides. The crown contains 121 gemstones and 3,588 pearls. The phoenix eye is inlaid with 18 small rubies.
Qingling Tomb - Guangzong Taichang Zhu Changluo
Ming Qingling Tomb
Qingling Tomb is located 1.5 kilometers northwest of Changling among the Thirteen Tombs, and about 0.5 kilometers northwest of Xianling. km, located at the southern foot of the Second Ridge of Huangshan Temple in Tianshou Mountain Mausoleum in Changping, Beijing, is the joint burial mausoleum of Ming Guangzong, the 14th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Changluo, and his queens Guo, Wang and Liu. Qingling Mausoleum was originally a mausoleum built for himself by Emperor Jingtai Zhu Qiyu of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Zhu Qiyu of Jingtai was the son of Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty and the younger brother of Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty. After the Tumu Incident, Ming Yingzong was captured, and his younger brother Zhu Qiyu supervised the country, and was later established as emperor with the reign name Jingtai. He respected Yingzong as the Supreme Emperor. A year later, Yingzong was released and lived in Nangong. Emperor Jingtai was buried in the Xishan Mountains of Beijing according to the royal standards, without entering the Ming Tombs. Unexpectedly, more than a hundred years later, the Qing Mausoleum of Ming Guangzong Zhu Changluo was built on the site of this mausoleum. At that time, due to the sudden death of Ming Guangzong Zhu Changluo (he had only been emperor for 29 days) and the lack of national power, Ming Guangzong's father, Ming Shenzong, had not yet been buried, and he had no time to build a mausoleum for himself. Therefore, when building the mausoleum, there was no time to choose the Jirang and Bu Shouling mausoleums, so they had to use the site of the Shouling mausoleum of Emperor Jingtai, and rebuilt the mausoleum of Zhu Qiyu, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, which had been abandoned for more than 160 years. This is today's Qingling mausoleum. "History of the Ming Dynasty·The Annals of Xizong" records: "In the ninth month of Renyin, Emperor Zhen was buried in Qingling."
Deling - Xizong Tianqi Zhu Youxiao
Ming Deling
Mingde Mausoleum is the joint burial mausoleum of Zhu Youxiao, the fifteenth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Xi Zong, and his queen Zhang. It is located at the western foot of Tanyu Ridge in the Tianshou Mountain Mausoleum. Construction began in September of the seventh year of Tianqi (AD 1627), Xuan Palace was completed in March of the first year of Chongzhen (AD 1628), and the ground construction was completed in February of the fifth year, which took five years. It covers an area of ??approximately 31,000 square meters. Deling is the last imperial mausoleum built in the Ming Dynasty.
Siling - Yizong Chongzhen Zhu Youjian
Ming Siling
Ming Siling, referred to as Siling, is located in Tianshou Mountain, Changping District, Beijing. The tomb of Youjian, Empress Zhou and Concubine Tian is one of the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty. The mausoleum was built around 1642. It was originally the garden of Emperor Sizong's favorite concubine Tian Guifei. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng ordered people to bury Ming Sizong and Queen Zhou together in the tomb of Tian Guifei. In order to win people's support, he changed the name to Siling, making Siling the only mausoleum among the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty where the emperor and his concubines were buried together. , and compared with other tombs of the Ming Dynasty, the scale of Siling Mausoleum is also smaller. Near the Siling Mausoleum is the tomb of Wang Chengen, the personal eunuch of Emperor Sizong of the Ming Dynasty. Emperors Shunzhi and Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty also erected a monument for Wang Chengen to commend him for his loyalty and martyrdom. Ming Sizong was the fifth son of Ming Guangzong Zhu Changluo and the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He ascended the throne on August 24, 1628. On March 17, 1644, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, Beijing, was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant army. Emperor Chongzhen died in despair in the Forbidden City. Hou Jingshan hanged himself and was buried in Siling.
THE END
Chase history and see the relics of history. Really emotional