Sun Tzu's Art of War The earliest existing art of war in China is also called Sun Wu's Art of War, Wu Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, and Sun Tzu's Art of War.
[1] The Art of War written by Sun Wu and others. , a brilliant treasure in China's classical military cultural heritage, is an important part of China's excellent cultural tradition. It is one of the three major art books in the world (the other two are: On War (clausewitz) and Five Wheels Book (Musashi Miyamoto)). Its content is profound, its thought is profound and its logic is rigorous. The author is Sun Wu (word evergreen), a native of Qi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Existing 13: "The First Plan" is about the strategy of temple fairs, that is, before sending troops, we compare the situation of the enemy and ourselves at the temple fairs, estimate the possibility of winning or losing the war, and make a battle plan. This is the procedure of the whole book. "War" mainly talks about the mobilization of war after the calculation of the temple. And "attacking with troops" is to attack the city with ingenuity, that is, not using special forces, but using various means to make the defensive enemy surrender. "Military form" and "military posture" are two basic factors that determine the outcome of a war: "form" refers to objective, stable and easy-to-see factors, such as the strength of combat effectiveness and the material preparation for a war; "Potential" refers to subjective, changeable and accidental factors, such as the distribution of troops, morale and courage. "Virtual reality" is about how to disperse and assemble, surround and detour, and create our strong enemy and inferior enemy at the scheduled battle site, and finally win more than less. "Military Debate" is about how to "take circuitous as a straight line" and "take suffering as an advantage" to seize the combat advantage. The "Nine Changes" is about the general adopting different strategies and tactics according to different situations. March is about how to camp in the March and observe the enemy's situation. Terrain is about six different operational terrains and their corresponding tactical requirements. The ninth chapter is based on the "subject and object" situation and the degree of penetration into the enemy, talking about nine operational environments and corresponding tactical requirements. Fire attack is auxiliary fire. User blockade is about the cooperative use of five kinds of spies.
Edit this passage of Sun Bin's Art of War.
Sun Bin's The Art of War is a famous art book in ancient China, and it is also another masterpiece of Sun Tzu School after The Art of War. Sun Bin and Sun Bin Sun Tzu's Art of War
Sun Tzu's Art of War was called Qi Sunzi in ancient times, and it was written by Sun Bin. It is said that he is a descendant of Sun Wu. Born between A and Mao in the Warring States Period, he studied the art of war under Pang Juan. 1972, bamboo slips were unearthed in tapiscia sinensis Mountain, Linyi, and this ancient art of war was rediscovered. However, due to the age, bamboo slips are incomplete and seriously damaged. Textual research by the bamboo slips sorting group showed that the Cultural Relics Publishing House published a simplified version of Sun Bin's Art of War in 1975, and * * * collected 364 bamboo slips, which were divided into two parts, each part 15. For these short essays, the academic community generally believes that the first one is undoubtedly the original, which was compiled by disciples on the basis of Sun Bin's writings and remarks; Although the content of the second part is similar to that of the first part, there are also differences in the compilation style. There is no sufficient evidence as to whether it was written by Sun Bin and his disciples. 1985 Bamboo Slips of Han Tomb in Yinqueshan published by Cultural Relics Publishing House (I) contain 16 articles on Sun Bin's Art of War, which consists of the original part and the next five methods. The topic is: capture Pang Juan, see Wang Wei, ask Wang Wei and ask Chen Ji.
Woods edited this paragraph.
During the Warring States Period, it was written by Wu Qi. Forty-eight pieces of Wuqi recorded in Hou Wen of Wei State in Houji of Wei Wu and Records of Han Literature and Art have been lost. At present, there are six articles by Woods (painting the country, guarding against the enemy, managing troops, discussing generals, changing, and standing). Its main strategic idea is: "Xiu De is in the interior, and the military is prepared from outside." On the one hand, he stressed that the use of foreign troops should be coordinated and unified within the country and the army, and proposed that if the country has "four disharmonies", it cannot send troops to fight; On the other hand, it emphasizes strengthening the country's military strength. Wuqi inherited Sun Wu's thought of "knowing ourselves and ourselves, fighting a hundred battles", and emphasized the importance of understanding and analyzing the enemy's situation in the chapter of "Anticipating the enemy's situation", especially pointing out that countries in six situations should not fight against it easily. He knows that wars are ever-changing, and measures should be taken according to different situations. In the chapter of "Contingency", the emergency tactics and winning strategies are discussed in detail in the case of a strong enemy rushing to fight, being outnumbered, refusing to take risks, being attacked on all sides, and suddenly attacking the enemy. Three articles, Managing the Army, On Generals and Shi Li, mainly expounded his thoughts on managing the army. He believes that whether the army can win the battle depends not entirely on the quantity advantage, but on the quality. The standards of high quality are: competent generals and strictly trained soldiers; There must be a unified order; There should be strict rewards and punishments. He attaches great importance to the role of generals, especially their strategies, and emphasizes that good generals should have excellent quality and style. Pay attention to the training of foot soldiers and improve their actual combat ability. Emphasize rewarding merit to motivate soldiers.
Edit this paragraph six ways.
The Six Pagodas are also known as the Six Pagodas of the Taigong, the Art of War of the Taigong, and the Six Pagodas of the King Taigong (namely Lu Shang and Jiang Ziya) in the early Zhou Dynasty.
This book is generally believed to be memorized by later generations, and the author is no longer available for examination. It is generally believed that this book was written in the Warring States period. This book is compiled in the form of dialogue between Taigong and King Wen and King Wu. This book is not recorded in History of Han Dynasty, Records of Arts and Literature, Records of Military Strategists, but it is classified as "Taigong" in Taoism, of which 8 1 is for seeking, 7 1 for being strict, and 85 for being ice. Confucianism records the six histories of the country, that is, the six roads now, covering the world and the army. Words are the same. It is clearly recorded in the Annals of Sui Shu Classics: The five volumes of Taigong Tamia Liu were written by Wang Jiang, a teacher from Zhou Wenwang. "However, since the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Tao has been suspected as a fake book, especially in the Qing Dynasty. However, in April 1972, a large number of bamboo slips were found in the Han tomb of Leucaena in Linyi, Shandong Province, including more than 50 pieces of Liu Tao, which proved that Liu Tao had been widely circulated at least in the Western Han Dynasty, and his doubts and denials were shattered. Liu Tao is a masterpiece of pre-Qin military thoughts, which has a great influence on later military thoughts and is known as the ancestor of military tactics. Sima Qian's Shi Ji Shi Jia said: "The words of later generations are the yin merits of Zhou. They all live in Taigong. "During the Yuanfeng period in northern Song Shenzong, Six Towers was listed as one of the seven martial arts books, and it was a must-read martial arts book. Tamia Liu was introduced to Japan in16th century, and to Europe in18th century. Now it has been translated into Japanese, French, Korean, Vietnamese, English and Russian. Existing versions include: bamboo slips from Yinque Mountain in Linyi, Shandong 1972, bamboo slips from Bajiaolang Han Tomb in Dingxian, Hebei 1973, Dunhuang suicide note, Summary of Shu Qunzhi, Sikuquanshu, Continuation of Ancient Series 1, Seven Books of Jason Wu and 65438+. This edition of Six Towers is divided into six volumes. Wen Tao-on the strategy of governing the country and employing people: Wu Tao-on military strategy: Long Tao-on military organization; Tiger pagoda-about the war environment, weapons and deployment; Tao Bao-on tactics; On military command training.
Edit this passage of Wei Liaozi.
Wei Zhuzi is an influential work in ancient China. There are always different opinions about its author and writing age.
Statement. The first opinion: Wei Liaozi is a fake book. Although Hanshu Yiwenzhi recorded 3 1 pieces of Military Intelligence and Liao Weizi, it was obviously not the Military Intelligence recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, but was forged by later generations. However, since 1972, when Wei Liaozi's bamboo slips were unearthed from Yinqueshan Han Tomb in Linyi, Shandong Province, scholars found that six of them were consistent with the existing Wei Liaozi's bamboo slips, and the theory of fake books has always been denied by most people. In addition, Tang He's Collection of Books also contains four Unfinished Books, which are of great value to the collation of this book. The second opinion: The author of Wei Liaozi is Liao Wei, who was born in the Warring States Period. The predecessor of this book is "Military Situation" and "Liao Wei" recorded in "Records of Han Shu Literature and Art" 3 1 article. The third opinion: It is basically the same as the second opinion, but the difference is that the predecessor of this book is 29 "miscellaneous writers" and "Liao Wei" recorded in the Records of Han Shu Literature and Art. Miscellaneous Notes is also a theory of Confucianism and Mohism. Miscellaneous Notes and Liao Wei belong to "Military Science". Besides military affairs, we should also discuss politics and economy. Although it is about the art of war, it is not a strategist. The Annals of Sui Shu's Classics records five volumes of Miscellaneous Notes and Unfinished Children. This is the same as the content and volume of the existing Wei Liaozi, which shows that the existing Wei Liaozi is a saint and Wei Liaozi. Song people listed the "saints" and "Wei Liaozi" in the seven books of The Five Classics as military strategists. Therefore, later generations often mistake Wei Liaozi for the book of military strategists. Defenders oppose superstition, advocate relying on human wisdom, and have simple materialistic thoughts. It has a profound understanding of political, economic and military relations. Strategically and tactically, we advocate not to fight uncertain battles, oppose passive defense, use tactics, strive for initiative, clearly observe the enemy's situation, concentrate our forces, surprise and win by surprise. Even today, these views still have reference value. Wei Liaozi is a military and political work at the end of the Warring States Period, which consists of five volumes and twenty-four articles, with Seven Books of Jason Wu carved in the Southern Song Dynasty as the earliest. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi Zajia" collected 29 articles of "Wei Liaozi". In the early Tang Dynasty, there were four excerpts from Wei Liaozi. 1972, six bamboo slips were unearthed from Han Tomb No.1, Yinhuan Mountain, Linyi, Shandong Province, consistent with Wei Liaozi. Judging from the situation of these articles, there are many abridgements and errors in the current version of the text, and the titles of the articles are often inconsistent with the bamboo books, but there is basically no content added by future generations. "The Guardian" opposes the superstitious concept of "when the heavenly officials are in charge, the yin and yang are behind" in the military, and emphasizes the decisive role of politics and economy in the military. Its theoretical level is very high. Ideologically, it is a combination of Confucianism, France and Taoism, which may be the main reason for being included in the miscellaneous school. The following twelve articles in the second half of the Severe Punishment Order are quite helpful to the study of military law in the Warring States period, so some people regard this book as a military book. This edition of Wei Liaozi is divided into five volumes. Volume 1: consists of five chapters: heavenly officials, military talks, control talks, strategies and power attacks. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between politics, economy and military, and the principle of siege warfare, and advocates that action should rely on human wisdom instead of ghosts and gods. Volume II: It consists of five chapters: Shouyi, Twelve Mausoleums, Wuyi, Li Jiang and Yuanguan, and mainly discusses the nature and function of war and the principle of guarding the city. Book III: There are five chapters, which are "Cure the Root Cause", "Combat Power", "Severe Punishment Order", "Martial Law Order" and "Fence Order", mainly focusing on the principle of using troops, military discipline and reward and punishment system. Volume IV: There are five chapters, namely, the order of making soldiers, the order of making soldiers, the order of commanding soldiers and the order of following soldiers, which mainly describe the battlefield law and discipline, the formation of troops, signs and command signals, and the marching order. The fifth volume: including four chapters, namely "teaching soldiers to go up", "teaching soldiers to go down", "commanding soldiers to go up" and "commanding soldiers to go down", mainly discusses the training and winning ways of the army.
Edit this paragraph Sima Fa.
Sima Fa is one of the important military books in ancient China. Author of Sima Fa: According to relevant data, Sima Fa was the great minister of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period.
It was written by General Ma Si Mazhao, whose real name was Tian and he was named General Si Mazhao, so it was called Si Mazhao. Written in the early Warring States period. According to Biography of Sima Yi in Historical Records, "Qi Weiwang (356 BC-320 BC) asked doctors to examine the ancient Sima Yi's art of war, and attached it, so it was called Sima Yi's art of war." The Han Dynasty spoke highly of Sima Fa. When Emperor Wudi was in the reign of Emperor Wu, he was chosen by Sima's Art of War and listed as a doctor. (See Gou Jian's Shen Jian Shi Shi) Sima Qian praised the outline of Sima Fa. Although it was conquered by three generations, it failed to realize its meaning, and so did its writing. (See Biography of Historical Records of Sima Rang). According to the Records of Han Yi Wen Zhi, Sima Fa had a volume of 155 at that time. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Cao Cao and others all cited Sima Fa as an important document to research the military system in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Jin and Tang Dynasties, Du Yu, Jia, Du You, Du Mu and others also took Sima Fa as the basis for their arguments. It can be seen that Sima Fa still has a reputation as a military authoritative work. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties (A.D. 1078- 1085), Feng Zhong listed Sima Fa as one of the seven books in the Five Classics, and promulgated Martial Arts, which became a must-read book for ordinary schools, and its importance was not diminished in the Jin and Tang Dynasties. By the Qing Dynasty, Yao Jiheng, Gong Zizhen and others were all suspected to be fake books. However, it is obviously not enough to examine their questions in detail. (See "Spring and Autumn Infantry: Textual Research on Sima Fa" published by Lan Zhu Zhonghua Book Company. ) Sima Fa has been circulated for more than two thousand years, and many people died, with only five articles left. However, in these five surviving articles, some ancient operational principles and methods from Yin Zhou to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were also recorded, which provided important information for us to study the military thoughts of that period. The scope of Sima Fa is extremely extensive, basically involving all aspects of military affairs. It has preserved the ancient principles of using and managing soldiers, including the etiquette, weapons, badges, rewards and punishments, vigilance and other important historical materials in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In addition, there are rich philosophical thoughts, which attach great importance to the transformation between spiritual strength and material strength and the unity of dialectical relationship between light and heavy. We attach great importance to human factors and morale.
Edit this passage of Taibai Mute
The full name is "the enemy of God is too white and silent". The ancients in China believed that Taibai Star was the master of war, so it was often used as a metaphor for military affairs, and it was too white and silent.
The name of Jing came from this. The author is Li Quan of the Tang Dynasty. Li Zhi, whose life story is unknown, was appointed as the envoy of Jingnan and the secretariat of Zhou Xian. There is also a cloud in "Biography of Fairy Wandering", and the book is called Taibai Yin Fu (10). I don't know where to go. Taibai Yin Fu will be finished soon. This book is divided into plot, miscellaneous weapons, weapons, preparation, battle plan, eulogy, Shu Jie, prescription, miscellaneous occupation, armor avoidance, miscellaneous style and so on. It can be said that the Lord has virtue first, then the country is rich and the people are strong, and both internal and external cultivation is fair, which is quite different from the users of power in general art books. Du You's Bing Lei adopts two general theories, one is the Art of War by Li Jing, and the other is this classic. It can be seen how important it was for people at that time. Handed down versions mainly include the Mohai Golden Pot Copy based on Song Ying and the Shoushan Pavilion series based on old banknotes, both of which are 10 volumes. This book is rich in content. Li Quan said in the "Book Entry Form": "People's plans, tactics, siege, equipment, wasteland, war horses, camps, and arrays are all available, and they must be recorded in autumn." Its yin and yang are heavenly, and the wind and cloud return. Although it is far away, it still exists and will not be forgotten. "Later generations attach great importance to the catalogue [Volume 1] [Man seeks the top] [Heaven has no yin and yang] [Land is accessible] [Man has no courage] [Lord has virtue] [country is rich and strong] [sages meet] [There must be intrigue] [plan] [politics is strong] [man seeks the bottom] [goodness] (3) Miscellaneous devices < Prescription Yi Yiwen Ji Youwen Ji Ming Dawenchuan Ji Pishaman Tian Wangwen Lu Bu's Prescription for Treating Diseases and Saving People Volume 8 Governing Ma Fang Volume 8 Miscellaneous Japanese occupation.
Edit this paragraph by Hu Kuangjing.
Written in the Northern Song Dynasty (present-day Suzhou), Xu Dong and Xu Dong are the son of Xu Zhongrong, prince of horse washing, and the second uncle of Shen Kuo, a scientist. Good at martial arts, good at military science and good at literary talent. But it has not been reused all his life. The book has 20 volumes and 120 articles.
Edit this paragraph in Ji Xiaoxin's book.
Ji Xiao Shu Xin is a summary of Qi Jiguang's experience in training and running the army during the Pingwa War in the southeast coast. In the preface, he said: discipline is effective and comfortable.
"East Zhejiang lacks me in recent years, but I know Sun Wuzhi's method and exquisite procedures. The first is to start with a detailed plan, but it is meaningless. The so-called excellent teaching of Zen family is also something that scholars can do. Therefore, it is a collection of foot soldiers' training programs, which can be selected from * mu of people and even orders, tactics, camps, martial arts, sentry posts and water battles, and the practical and effective ones are selected, and each one is a book, so that the three armed forces can learn. Gu suffers from writing difficulties and loves to teach people. The title of this guest is "Ji Xiaoshuxin". Husband said' Ji Xiao', which means it is not empty talk; This is a "new book", so obviously, it is outside the law, not within the law, and it is timely and appropriate. "This passage illustrates the purpose of writing this book, the time, background, main contents and characteristics of this book, and the origin and significance of the title. But did not mention the specific time of writing. According to Volume II of Chronicle of Qi Shaobao: "In the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing, ... in the first month of spring, he set up the Yuanyang Array and wrote a new book about Ji Xiao. "Explain that Ji Xiaoshuxin was written in the sixth year of Qi Jiguang's anti-Japanese war in Zhejiang, that is, the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing (1560)." Ji Xiaolan's Shu Xin was originally eighteen volumes, the same as the first volume. The specific contents are as follows: The preface includes three articles: Ren Qiuli, Xintai, and the disciplinary effect or query. The text is divided into five chapters: Chapter I, Chapter II, Chapter III, Chapter IV, Chapter V, Chapter VI, Chapter VII, Chapter VIII, Chapter IX, Chapter X, Chapter XI, Chapter XII, Chapter XIII, Chapter XIV and Chapter XV.
Edit the training record of this paragraph.
The Practical Discipline of Training was written by Qi Jiguang when he was training in Zhen Ji Town. This book has 9 volumes and 6 miscellaneous volumes. It and the new book "Discipline and Efficiency" are called the real discipline of training.
Qi bingshu sisters. There are 264 articles in nine volumes and nine articles * * *, the specific titles are: martial arts first, courage second, eyes and ears third, hands and feet fourth, camp fifth (field battle), camp sixth (line camp), camp seventh (camping), camp eighth (battle contract) and general ninth. Attached are six volumes and six articles: General Theory of Storage Training (Part I and Part II), General Ren Baojing, Oral Instruction of Altar (edited by Li Chao and Hu Shouren), Military Equipment, Riding Chariots and Battalion. At the front of the book, there is * * * 15 of "every example", which describes the contents, standards, distribution methods of teaching materials and measures to urge learning. The discipline of actual combat training covers a wide range, such as the selection of soldiers, the formation of troops, the golden drum of flags, weapons and equipment, the training of generals, military ceremonies and laws, the formation and training of cavalry, and so on. The first to fourth volumes focus on personal training; Volumes 5-8 and the "Miscellaneous Collection" of "Military Equipment Solution" and "Car Step Riding Camp Solution" talk about camp training; The ninth volume of the text, General Theory of Storage and Training (Part I), Guide to the Appointment of General Officers and Miscellaneous Collection of Altar Dictation describe the selection and training of generals and the conditions they should have. The actual discipline of training was written after Ji Xiaoxin's book and at 1568. Cheng mi? 57 1 year. It not only pays attention to absorbing the experience of military training in the south, but also combines the reality of military training in the north, and its military training thought has made new development on the basis of Ji Xiao Shu Xin. The Record of Training published by Changzhou Lin Yushan Bookstore in Qing Dynasty was carved into the Record of Training. The Biography of Qi Jiguang in the Ming Dynasty is recorded as a fact of training soldiers, which is obviously a clerical error. The books collated by Zhonghua Book Company according to the Records of Ming History, Ganqingtang Bibliography and Sikuquanshu Catalogue are inappropriate as military training documents and should be corrected as military training documents.