Langzhong Ancient City, located next to Langzhong New City in Sichuan and beside Jialing River, is as famous as Lijiang in Yunnan, Pingyao in Shanxi and Shexian in Anhui, and is called the four ancient cities in China. The architectural site selection of the ancient city is a typical site selection of ancient architectural cities in China, which fully conforms to the astronomical geomantic theory of the Tang Dynasty and is called the ancient geomantic city. The ancient city of Langzhong is completely protected and has a unique China style. Existing ancient city area 1.78 square kilometers. It is the only one with the largest preserved scale in Sichuan and one of the four best preserved ancient cities in China. The chessboard pattern of the ancient city, which combines the buildings of North and South styles, is the real treasure house of China architectural art.
The ancient city has a long history, and its astronomical culture, Bayu culture, Three Kingdoms culture, ancient city culture, ancient building culture, religious culture and folk culture are rich and profound, showing the unique features of China's famous historical and cultural city Langzhong.
Old Town of Lijiang, Old Town of Lijiang with a history of more than 800 years, is located in the middle of Lijiang Bazi, covering an area of about 3.8 square kilometers. It was founded in the late Southern Song Dynasty. It is the Fu Xuan branch of Lijiang Road in Yuan Dynasty, the residence of Lijiang Military and Civilian Mansion in Ming Dynasty and Lijiang Mansion in Qing Dynasty. Old Town of Lijiang is unique in site selection, and makes full use of the mountain topography and surrounding natural environment in layout. Xiangshan Mountain, Jinhongshan Mountain and Monkey Mountain are in the north, and the east and south are naturally connected with the open flat dam, which not only avoids the cold wind in the northwest, but also faces the light source in the southeast, forming an overall pattern of sitting in the northwest and looking at the southeast. Yuquan River, which originated at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in the north of the city, enters the city in three streams, and then divides into countless tributaries, crossing streets and lanes and spreading all over the city, forming a poem and painting of "water around the front of every house and willow hanging behind every house". Streets are not limited to neat and free distribution. The main street is near the water, and the alley is adjacent to the canal. More than 300 ancient stone bridges are in harmony with rivers, green trees, Gu Xiang and ancient houses, which have great aesthetic charm of ancient trees, small bridges, flowing water and people in plateau water towns. They are known as "Venice of the East" and "Gusu on the Plateau". Making full use of many "three-eye wells" built by the city's Yongquan, drinking water in the upper pool, washing vegetables in the middle pool and bleaching clothes in the lower reaches are symbols of the wisdom of Naxi ancestors, a model masterpiece of local people's utilization of water resources, and fully embody the harmonious unity between the team and nature. The Mu Tusi yamen in the city presents an extraordinary scene of "beauty in the palace means king". Sifang Street is the heart of the ancient city. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was a commercial hub in northwest Yunnan and a distribution center on the ancient tea-horse road.
Sifang Street is famous for its unique street view of paved with colored stones, washed with clear water, the city in the sun and washed with fields at dusk. Around it, six colorful flower stone streets radiate outward along the direction of the mountain and the streets are connected. Extending in all directions, the traffic is extremely convenient. Being in it seems to make people step into the bustling scene of "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival". In the ancient city, the architectural features of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are still largely maintained. There are many tile buildings with "three squares, one wall, four patios and five turnstiles", which not only highlight the structural layout, but also pursue carving and decoration. They are clumsy and exquisite, and are praised as "residential museums" by Chinese and foreign architectural experts. What's more worth mentioning is that the residents of the ancient city have always loved to plant flowers and cultivate bonsai, which makes the ancient city enjoy the reputation of "Li County has always liked to plant trees and the mountain city is full of flowers". There are many cultural relics and historic sites in Old Town of Lijiang, with profound cultural heritage and unique features. It is the best preserved ancient town with the most national style in China. 1986 the State Council is declared as a famous historical and cultural city in China; 1997 65438+on February 4th, it was officially approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, becoming the first batch of world cultural heritage cities protected by human beings in China. 200 1, 10 was rated as the demonstration site of national civilized scenic tourist area; In 2002, it was rated as "the most desirable 10 city in China".
The splendid and mysterious Naxi Dongba culture. Naxi ancestors, with their great wisdom, created brilliant Dongba culture in long-term social practice and productive labor. Dongba culture takes Dongba religion as the carrier and Dongba classics as the main recording method. It is a living culture gradually formed and evolved in the long history of Naxi nationality. It was formed in the Tang and Song Dynasties and has a history of nearly a thousand years. Dongba religion is the primitive religion of Naxi nationality and a polytheistic religion, which embraces all other religions and believes in animism. Dongba is a pictographic hieroglyph, which has both ideographic and phonetic parts. Naxi hieroglyphics are only 1400 words, but the characters are extremely rich, which can fully express delicate feelings, describe complex things and write poems and articles. It is the only "living hieroglyph" in the world at present. There are more than 20,000 volumes of scriptures written in hieroglyphics and preserved. Numerous ancient books are rich in content. It covers philosophy, history, astronomy, religion, witch doctors, folklore, literature, art and other aspects, and can be called an encyclopedia of ancient Naxi history. For hundreds of years, Dongba culture has attracted many Chinese and foreign scholars and people with lofty ideals to study translation and appreciation for its unique scientific research value and artistic value. Dongba culture is a great contribution of Naxi nationality to the world.
Music treasure Lijiang Naxi ancient music. Naxi ancient music is the soul and symbol of the ancient city culture, and it is a beautiful scenery in Old Town of Lijiang. Naxi ancient music is some epigraph and qupai music since Tang and Song Dynasties. After the Hongwu period (A.D. 1368), this kind of music spread to Lijiang one after another. This kind of music has long been a swan song in the Central Plains, but it has only been widely circulated since its autobiography arrived in Lijiang. This wonderful sound can be seen everywhere in rural areas and small towns. Naxi ancient music has been preserved to this day, and there are still 22 tracks, some of which are integrated into Naxi people's own thoughts, feelings and playing styles. Naxi ancient music is called "the living fossil of music", "the voice of peace" and "the voice of Yue Xian" by Chinese and foreign scholars and music lovers.
Pingyao is a national historical and cultural city and a world cultural heritage. Pingyao Ancient City is located in the middle of Shanxi Province, on the southern edge of Taiyuan Basin, 90 kilometers away from Taiyuan, the provincial capital. Fenhe River flows south, and Tongpu Railway and Universiade Highway in the south pass through the northwest of the county seat, which is located at the crossroads and has convenient transportation. Pingyao has been a commercial distribution center since ancient times, and has the reputation of "Pingyao City, with endless dissatisfaction" and "Little Beijing".
Pingyao has a long history. As early as the Neolithic Age, human beings thrived here. According to legend, Emperor Yao was originally sealed in pottery, so Pingyao was also called "ancient pottery" and "flat pottery". Zhongdu in the territory was the ancient city of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period and belonged to Zhao in the Warring States Period. Tao Ping County was established in the Qin Dynasty, Zhongdu County and Jingling County were established in the Western Han Dynasty, and Pingyao County was changed after the Northern Wei Dynasty was abolished. Pingyao has been a county town for more than 2700 years, but it has been brilliant in politics, economy and culture.
The treasure house of cultural relics has a long history in the world, leaving Pingyao with rich and colorful cultural relics. At present, there are more than 300 cultural relics units in China, and 99 cultural relics units are listed as key protected by governments at all levels. Among them, there are 3 national temples: Zhenguo Temple (Five Dynasties and One Qing Dynasty), Shuanglin Temple (Ming Dynasty) and Pingyao City Wall (Ming Dynasty); 6 at the provincial level: 90 at the county level. The ancient city of Pingyao was planned and built according to the traditional "ritual system" of the Han nationality. The shape of the ancient city adheres to the principle of "courtesy" and fully embodies the historical and cultural characteristics of the Han nationality in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The origin of Shanxi merchants ruled the whole country. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jin Gang and Hui Gang were the two most famous business gangs in China, among which Jin Gang was the most prominent. In the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), the first Rishengchang bank in China was established on the basis of Yucheng Pigment Store in the south of West Street Road, Pingyao, which is a milestone in the financial development history of China.
Pingyao has gathered the largest wealthy businessmen in China in the historical process of 100 years of bank development and rise and fall, which is simply the city of banks. It is precisely because of this foundation that the ticket number has become a powerful pillar of Pingyao ancient city, which has promoted the great development of Pingyao ancient city in economy, society and culture, the great development of streets, commercial shops, houses and other buildings in the whole city construction and urban life, and the development of famous push-light lacquerware, clay sculpture art and opera.
Tute famous products are famous all over the world in Pingyao County. There are many varieties, such as Pingyao beef, Pingyao lacquer ware, Pingyao long yam, Pingyao Wantouze, Haowen Village crisp pear, Guozigou Penang, Nanyijiaxiang apple, Mengshan vinegar willow (sea buckthorn) juice and Fenhe sorghum, all of which have their own flavors and are well-deserved. When the Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed Pingyao beef with unique flavor, she was praised as a tribute to the palace after eating it. The famous singer Guo wrote a Shanxi folk song "Kua Native Products" and "Pingyao Beef Taikoo Cake" ... If you want to ask where is the most famous, just Pingyao City ",making Pingyao beef more famous in the north and south of the motherland.
There are many traditional residential buildings in Pingyao ancient city, and there are 3797 traditional quadrangles (including a few non-residential courtyards) with protection value, of which more than 400 are well preserved. Pingyao traditional folk houses are the carrier of history and culture. Many folk houses have historical and cultural value, folk research value, architectural art value and practical value, and they are still inhabited by urban residents. Today, they have become the architectural cultural heritage of this historical and cultural city.
Shexian, an ancient city, is located in the west of Huangshan City with beautiful scenery. Gardens, pavilions, ancient bridges, stone workshops, ancient pagodas and ancient houses can be seen everywhere. The main attractions are Taibai Pagoda, Xin 'an Monument Garden, Taiping Ancient Bridge, Guo Xushi Square, Doushan Street and Yuliangba.
Taibai Building, located on the west side of Taiping Ancient Bridge, is a double-decker pavilion, a typical Huizhou architecture. You can enjoy the beautiful scenery and the shadow of the ancient bridge tower in the west of the city. The Taiping Bridge in front of Taibailou, built in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, is the representative of the porous giant stone arch bridge.
Guo Xushi Square, located in the center of the county seat, was built in A.D. 1584. There are eight pillars around the archway, which are mouth-shaped. Stone pillars, beams, fences, arches and sparrows are all big stones weighing four or five tons, and they are all hard blue tea garden stones. The carvings are exquisite, the patterns are patchy and colorful.
Doushan Street, located in Shexian County, is a collection of ancient houses, ancient streets, ancient sculptures, ancient wells and ancient archways, just like a long historical scroll.
There are also two bridge buildings in Shexian County, the South Bridge Building was built in the late Sui Dynasty and the East Bridge Building was built in the Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty. Yuliangba was built in the Song Dynasty and has a history of thousands of years. Cross the river to practice, so that the water on the dam is flat and the rapids under the dam are rushing. Not far from Yuliangba, there is an ancient bridge called Ziyang Bridge. Zhu Song, Zhu's father, once lived in a house in the south of Jianqiao. Zhu once lived here after he returned to Fujian.