* moistureproof practice: if it is a concrete structure, it can play the role of self-moistureproof, and there is no need to do moistureproof treatment; Brick masonry structure, the wall foundation should be waterproof mortar and moisture-proof layer.
* Waterproof practice: Waterproof concrete, coiled material, coating and cement mortar can be used for foundation waterproofing. After the completion of rural housing, it is necessary to do aproll to prevent groundwater from pouring into the foundation. * Anti-ant practice: Before backfilling the foundation pit outside the wall and the indoor foundation, chemical liquid should be sprayed on the wooden formwork that cannot be removed after the residual uncleaned or cast-in-place concrete structure, and the foundation pit containing fiber sundries. After the foundation trench outside the wall is backfilled (filled but not compacted), the liquid medicine shall be sprayed along the width of the external wall 1250px.
* rodent control measures: dig deep into the foundation. If the foundation is too shallow, rats will make holes in it. If the wall is brick, no matter how tight it is, there will inevitably be cracks. Therefore, the foundation is preferably made of concrete structure. To block the cracks and holes in the building foundation or external wall, and repair the damaged foundation below the ground in time.
2. Structural columns and frame columns?
The constructional column mainly plays the role of Rachel wall and does not bear the structural load on the structure. Frame columns mainly bear structural loads. Generally speaking, the section size of frame columns is larger than that of constructional columns, and the number of steel bars in columns is also larger than that of constructional columns. The connection between the structural column and the wall adopts the horse-tooth fork method, and the connection between the frame column and the wall adopts the vertical reserved Rachel reinforcement method. Therefore, we must pay attention to the difference between the two in construction.
3. Simply supported beam and frame beam?
The longitudinal reinforcement of the simply supported beam is placed at the lower part of the beam, and the longitudinal reinforcement of the frame beam is placed at the upper part of the beam at the bearing position and the lower part of the beam at the mid-span position. During on-site construction, attention should be paid to the placement position of longitudinal reinforcement to prevent materials from being used, but the position is wrong, causing potential safety hazards or waste.
4. Cast-in-place floor slab?
When placing the plate reinforcement, it should be noted that the top and bottom reinforcement of the plate should be placed evenly according to the design spacing. In the process of steel binding, the steel bar at the top of the slab often bends down due to trampling, so the position of the steel bar at the top of the slab should be corrected before pouring concrete. The steel bar at the bottom of the plate should be padded with pebbles about 30mm in size, so that there is a certain gap between the steel bar and the template to avoid the exposure of the steel bar at the bottom of the plate.
5. wall?
There are holes left by external scaffolding Rachel on the external wall. Before painting, the holes must be blocked with bricks, and then painted with cement mortar, otherwise this part is easy to seep. Masonry should be staggered up and down, with internal and external masonry, and adopt the masonry form of one shun ding yi. Mortar for mortar joint masonry shall be full, and head joint shall be full, and there shall be no bright holes.
6. doors and windows?
The plastering on both sides of the window should be vertical. Before plastering at the door, be sure to check the installation position and verticality of the door frame to avoid that the door frame is not parallel to the wall, and the width of the door frame is different from the wall. The gap between the door window frame and the wall should be filled with high-efficiency thermal insulation materials, and polyurethane foam plastic or polyethylene foam plastic rods should be poured at the construction site, and then sealed with caulking sealant (glue) from the inside and outside to reduce cracking, condensation and air infiltration in this part.
7. The cast-in-place structure template support demolition time?
The formwork support of cast-in-place structure can only be removed after the cast-in-place reinforced concrete reaches a certain strength. Cantilever structure can only be dismantled when the cast-in-place reinforced concrete reaches 100% (generally it takes more than 28 days).
Geomantic taboo of rural self-built houses
As the saying goes, one bucket, two lives and three feng shui. Rural housing pays attention to "Feng Shui". This paper introduces some folk feng shui taboos related to building houses.
1.？ Bungalow houses should not be built on the ridge or at the entrance and exit of the valley, otherwise, not only will they not be blessed geographically, but people living in them will also suffer from various diseases and be harmful to their health.
2.？ Cottage houses should not be built at T-junction, that is, there should be no port or land in front of the house, otherwise it will be prone to disasters, such as wind disaster and fire, and may also crash or even collapse due to dizziness or drunk driving.
3.？ Residential buildings should not be built in dead corners, and such buildings are prone to natural and man-made disasters.
4.？ There shouldn't be trees in front of the gate. Because the big tree in front of the door not only blocks the yang from entering the house, but also blocks the yin from leaving the house; In real life, it is not convenient for family members to go in and out. If it rains and thunders, there is still the danger of being struck by lightning. In autumn, the indoor leaves fall easily and cannot be kept clean.
5.？ There should be no dead trees in front of the door, even if they are not big trees, they are considered harmful to the elderly in folk geomantic omen, so it is better to uproot them; The entrance of the house can't face the door of the main building, and the indoor stairs can't face the door. According to folk geomantic theory, such a house is not conducive to gathering wealth.
6.？ There are big trees in the northwest of the house, which can protect the people in this family. If you don't know this, cutting down big trees may be bad for residents.
7.？ The houses in the village are better than the surrounding buildings. Practically speaking, such a house has many dangers, such as fire, storm, air raid and so on. There are no tall buildings blocking out some sunshine. Yang flourishes and Yin declines, and the imbalance between Yin and Yang will affect the health of family members.
8.？ It is not appropriate to build or repair a house when there are pregnant women at home. Even minor repairs (such as building a chicken coop and pigsty) should be avoided, and its most direct impact is to lead to miscarriage of pregnant women.
9.？ Housing base, low before and high after is good luck, high before and low after is bad luck. Mr. Feng Shui, a folk, thinks that this will easily lead to discord in the neighborhood.
10. The shape of residential base or house should not be wide at the front and narrow at the back. It is an inverted trapezoid, that is, the shape of the dustpan mouth as the saying goes. Mr. Feng Shui, a folk, thinks that such a base is unlucky and is not conducive to the prosperity of residents.
1 1. If the residential base or house is triangular, with the front tip and the back width, it is called "Tianbi". Mr. Feng Shui, a folk, thinks that living in such a house will make people and money empty. The residential base or house is square. There is a semicircular pond or stream in front of the house, facing forward and backward, which helps the residents to make a fortune. The base of the house or the house is round at the front and round at the back, which is helpful for a rich life. It is very lucky to have an open space in the south of the house, so you can live in peace of mind. There can't be big trees or dead trees in the yard of the house, otherwise it will be unlucky. It is not advisable to lay a large number of sensitive boards in residential courtyards, otherwise it is not conducive to family prosperity.
12. It is unlucky to introduce streams into the home. There should be no wells and puddles in the residential base or courtyard (the puddle is in front and the well is behind), otherwise it will be unlucky.