Model essay on construction management (1) Project management is the foundation and important part of construction enterprise management; Project is the soul of an enterprise's survival, and the quality of project management directly determines the success or failure of an enterprise. Therefore, it is very important to study the project management level of construction enterprises. Construction project management is a one-time comprehensive management and control of the whole process of continuous optimization of objectives with specific construction projects or construction projects as objects, objectives and contents. Project management is a series of organization, planning, encouragement, communication, inspection and control activities to achieve project objectives. Project management is implemented through an organization, and the method of management by objectives is often used. Project management covers a wide range of knowledge, and construction project management is a complex process. How to pay attention to construction project management, improve project quality, ensure progress, reduce project cost and improve economic benefits is the key to the survival and development of construction enterprises.
The necessity of improving the management level of construction projects;
(1) The need for the gradual improvement and development of the construction market. The competition in the construction market has intensified, the competition for winning the bid has been fierce, and the profit space has been continuously compressed. Improving the management level of construction projects has become a top priority for all enterprises. To improve the management level of construction projects, the key point is to improve the professional technical ability, management service level and the depth of professional knowledge and information. At the same time, new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment in the construction market are updated faster. In order to survive and develop, enterprises must accept new technologies and materials, adopt new technologies and equipment, and constantly improve the management level of construction projects.
(II) Customer-centered market demand Due to the increasingly fierce market competition, the customer-centered management concept is more prominent, and professional project management embodies the customer-centered concept. The customers of construction projects are generally government departments and group joint-stock companies, and the requirements for engineering quality will be higher and higher. Effective project management is one of the ways to increase added value. On the one hand, project management improves its own technical management ability, on the other hand, it improves production efficiency and effectively controls quality, construction period and cost. When customers choose construction units, they will inevitably choose enterprises with good project management system and project management implementation experience.
(3) To maintain a sustained and strong development momentum, construction enterprises must improve their project management level, train outstanding professional and technical personnel, use advanced machinery and equipment, and improve their professional management ability. This is the only way for enterprises to maintain strong development. Reducing cost and improving profit rate and productivity are the goals pursued by enterprises, and the project is the front line of production, which directly produces output value and is the source of enterprise profits, so the level of project management is particularly important. The production management of construction enterprises must focus on various project activities.
As an industry with a long history, the development of the current construction industry is in a critical period. The level of management not only directly affects the economic benefits of the project department, but also relates to the realization of the overall benefit goal of the construction enterprise and the future development potential of the enterprise. Especially since the beginning of the new century, China's economy has maintained a steady and high-speed development momentum. With the development of the western region, the revitalization of the old industrial areas in Northeast China, the rise of the Central Plains, post-disaster reconstruction and the acceleration of urbanization, China's construction market has developed rapidly. We can see that the current construction industry is in a period where opportunities and challenges coexist. The field of construction is a critical period to develop and improve the level of project management. . Construction project management is an important foundation to achieve the development goals of construction enterprises, and its management level is of great significance to the long-term development of construction enterprises. With the development of economy and social progress, the construction industry has developed for a long time, and the management level of construction projects has also achieved certain results. However, there are still many problems, such as quality accidents, delays in construction period, cost overruns, etc., especially in the event of engineering quality accidents, it will bring huge losses to the lives and property of the country and people, and cause adverse effects on society. Therefore, it is particularly important to do a good job in construction project management.
Construction project management is a complex and arduous system engineering, involving many aspects such as risk, investment, contract, progress, quality, personnel, etc., involving departments and units such as design, supervision, construction, equipment, materials and operation. Therefore, to do a good job in the management of construction projects, it requires the project manager to have excellent character, grasp the central link of project management, and actively use new management methods. Technical management is the general name of a series of technical organization and management work in enterprises. Technical management of construction enterprises refers to the planning, decision-making, organization, command, control and adjustment of various elements of construction technology and technical activities of construction enterprises by using scientific methods from the viewpoint of system theory. As we all know, the construction of building engineering is a complex process of multi-type cooperative operation and multi-technology cross-integrated application. The role of technology management in the whole enterprise management mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) According to the requirements of science and technology and the development law of science and technology, ensure the normal construction.
(2) Through technical management, continuously improve the management level of enterprises and the technical business of employees. So as to find and deal with problems in a predictable way. Eliminate the hidden dangers of technical and quality accidents in the bud and ensure the quality of engineering construction.
(3) Give full play to the potential of construction personnel, materials and equipment, and strive to reduce project costs, improve economic benefits and enhance market competitiveness on the premise of ensuring project quality.
Construction is the process of forming an engineering entity, and it is also the key stage to determine the final product quality. To improve the engineering quality, we must pay close attention to the quality control in the construction stage. The quality target management system of engineering site is mainly composed of engineers, supervision engineers and management personnel of the construction unit, which is the main factor to form the engineering quality. To control the construction quality, we must improve the quality consciousness of managers, and make all staff set up the concepts of quality first, pre-control first and service for users according to the requirements of total quality management. On-site management personnel should have strong quality planning, target management, construction organization and technical guidance, quality inspection capabilities, and be strict with themselves with a rigorous scientific attitude and serious work style.
Adhere to the system of self-inspection, mutual inspection and handover inspection in the construction process, and the quality inspectors at all levels at the site fully exercise their functions and powers to conduct comprehensive inspection and control of every working procedure and every part in the construction. Team self-inspection is the basis of quality management, and the self-inspection records are bound by sub-items and inspection lots. After the completion of each sub-item and inspection lot, handover acceptance must be carried out. During acceptance, the process quality should be handed over to both parties, and the drawings should be checked one by one. After meeting the requirements of juice design standards, handle the handover acceptance record, and the next working procedure can only be carried out after the three-party visa. On-site engineers and supervision engineers check the construction quality through random sampling, on-site inspection and inspection of key working procedures, contact the construction unit in time when problems are found, and coordinate to solve them, so as to nip quality problems in the bud and prevent rework and waste.
Pay attention to process optimization, process improvement and process standardization in construction work. Before the construction of each sub-project, it is necessary to make a demonstration model, unify the operation requirements, clarify the quality objectives, ensure the operation quality, establish a quality responsibility system, clarify the specific tasks, assign responsibilities to people, link the work quality with personal economic interests, strengthen the responsibility of operators, and form a strict quality work responsibility system. After the sample is accepted by us, the supervision unit and the construction unit and meets the requirements of specifications and standards, large-scale construction can be carried out.
The management of construction projects is all-round, which requires project operators to bring the quality, safety, progress, cost and civilized construction of construction projects into regular and standardized management, so that all the work of construction projects can be carried out orderly and smoothly. The successful management of construction projects not only has good economic benefits for projects and enterprises, but also has good social benefits for the country. Successful management can promote the development of projects and enterprises and push the construction market forward. Pioneering and innovating, summing up experience, and constantly exploring in project practice, finally created a successful road of construction project management.
To sum up, the management of construction project is a systematic project, which includes risk, investment, contract, progress, quality, personnel and other aspects, involving design, supervision, construction, equipment, materials, operation and other departments and units. Therefore, only when all parties make joint efforts to strengthen the quality management, cost management, schedule management and safety management of construction projects can we ensure the smooth implementation of construction projects and create good economic benefits for enterprises.
Experience of building management model essay (2) I took a new course "Building Project Management", which at first glance was nothing. But after Mr. X's first class, I feel that to be a qualified manager, I need not only to master skills, but also good communication skills. From this, I really have a deeper understanding and understanding of project management.
From beginning to end, Mr. X talked in class. Multimedia teaching is basically to put what should have been written on the blackboard on the screen. The teaching method has changed, the teaching content and effect have changed essentially, and the teacher has effectively combined with his own experience in engineering practice. Construction project management includes project management organization, bidding and contract management, project cost management, schedule management, construction quality and safety, information management and so on.
1. The connotation of construction project management can be summarized as follows: from the beginning to the completion of a construction project, through project planning and project control, the system management, architectural design and construction units that realize the cost objectives, progress objectives and quality objectives of the construction project are entrusted by the owner to undertake the design and construction of the construction project and have the obligation to manage the construction project. For some large and medium-sized projects, owners, design units and construction units may entrust project management consulting companies to do it for them because of their lack of project management experience.
In the project construction, the owner, design unit and construction unit have different positioning for the same project and undertake different tasks, and their project management tasks are also different. For example, in terms of cost control, the owner should control the total investment of the whole project, while the construction unit should consider controlling the construction cost of the project. For example, in terms of schedule control, the owner should control the construction progress of the whole project, while the design unit mainly controls the design progress and the construction unit controls the construction progress of the contracted part.
Second, the types of project management can be summarized as: the owner's project management; Project management of the designer; Project management of the construction party; Project management of suppliers; Project management of general contractor of construction project. In different stages of project construction, the management contents and key points of all parties in project construction are different. The project management in the design stage is divided into two situations: the design management of the construction unit and the design management of the design unit, while the project management in the construction stage is mainly divided into the project management of the owner, contractor and supervision engineer.
Third, the organization and coordination of construction projects seems normal, but it plays a key role in the whole management. On the one hand, it is the coordination of interpersonal relationships; Coordination of organizational relations; On the other hand, cooperation and coordination; Coordination of supply and demand constraints; These relationships occur within the construction project management organization and between the construction project management organization and its external related units.
Fourth, that is to say, a very important point is "safety", the safety on the construction site. In recent years, accidents have occurred frequently in the construction field. It is of great significance to analyze the causes of casualty accidents in construction and explore preventive countermeasures and measures to reduce accidents and promote the healthy development of construction enterprises. In class, Mr. Liu showed us a documentary about construction safety, which introduced a new type of construction safety belt abroad, which played a decisive role in the safety hazards of workers during construction and saved many lives. In my opinion, safety accidents mainly focus on falling from a height, object hitting, mechanical injury and electric shock. The causes of accidents in the construction industry are not only related to high altitude, open air and labor-intensive operations in the construction industry, but also related to the expansion of the market, imperfect legal system, poor safety awareness, lagging safety education, low quality of personnel and low safety investment in recent years. China generally lacks basic training and education, as well as proper safety knowledge and awareness of safety precautions. In addition, migrant workers don't wear seat belts when tying scaffolding and supporting external wall formwork, and the border protection is not strict, sometimes falling accidents occur. In order to catch up with the progress of the project, migrant workers were overtired, and their attention was not concentrated during operation, so they fell down and died.
First, the overall goal of project management
Project management has the characteristics of importance and complexity, and the related sub-goals are numerous and very important. The important sub-goals are as follows: construction site, construction scheme, structural form, function, use satisfaction, economy, construction period, quality, geomantic omen, etc. However, in practical work, it is always difficult to achieve another goal in order to achieve one goal. For example, the slower the construction period, the better the project quality, the more investment, the better the quality and the faster the progress. Therefore, the overall goal of project management must be clear, and the overall goal of a project management can be summarized as: cost, construction period and quality.
Second, the three stages of project management
The project management cycle is long, involving many people, events and relationships, and the internal management is complex, but it can be generally divided into three stages:
The first stage is the pre-decision stage, which can be divided into investment opportunity selection, project proposal, feasibility study and project evaluation.
The second stage is the project implementation stage, which can be divided into exploration and design, preparation before construction and engineering construction. The third stage is the use stage, which can be divided into trial operation stage, use stage and post-evaluation stage.
Three, the six tasks of project management
In the process of complex project management, * * * has six major tasks, and all the work is carried out under the guidance of these six major tasks, namely, organization work, contract work, schedule control, quality control, cost control, financial management and information management.
Fighting team is the core content of organization and management; Engineering contracts are characterized by the diversity of economic and legal relations, the complexity of contents, the multiplicity of clauses, the accuracy and continuity of contract performance methods, the long performance period, the variability of contracts and the risks of contracts. And they all need special management. Progress control, quality control and cost control are the overall goals, and they should always be the focus of work; Information management involves communication and coordination within the organization, which is the top priority of work efficiency. The classification, circulation and preservation of all kinds of information is the content of information management, and it is also related to the completion acceptance and the handling of real estate license.
Four. Case: Bidding Skills and Cracking
In addition to the above macro perspective, we also need to pay attention to various tricks and traps in the industry in specific operations, such as bidding and bidding management. In the industry, bidders have the following skills to improve the winning rate and their own income at the same time:
The first is unbalanced quotation. This bidding skill is to adjust the quotation of each sub-item on the basis of determining the total price. For example, the previous project has a high quotation and the latter project has a low quotation, which is a way to improve cash flow. There is also an analysis of the target, and the unit price of the project that may increase with the increase of engineering quantity. The unit price of the project that the quantity of work may be reduced will be reduced. If the contents in the drawings are unclear or wrong, it is estimated that the revised quantities will increase and the unit price will also increase. The unit price with unclear content can be reduced. There is no engineering quantity, but the unit price of the project is increased. A tentative but possible project can be quoted at a high price.
The second is to quote high prices for sporadic employment (daily work). Generally, it can be slightly higher, because sporadic employment does not fall within the scope of the total contract price, and it is more profitable to be reimbursed when it occurs.
The third is multi-scheme quotation. If the contractor thinks that Party A's contract is too strict, it will make two quotations. If the owner can modify some terms in the contract, the total price will be greatly reduced. The modified terms are those that they think the technology is not up to standard or the funds occupy too much.
After understanding the above main bidding skills, we can formulate some targeted measures to make the whole goal beneficial to the owner, and at the same time, the construction party can maintain a certain profit. For example, the down payment should not be too high, and the payment method should maintain a certain payment rhythm, which is conducive to controlling the construction party. Adopt multi-scheme quotation negotiation to achieve a win-win situation for both parties.