The manifestations of nephritis and renal failure can be described as various. Don't think that only edema and gross hematuria can be kidney disease. That is to say, patients with nephropathy may have other manifestations besides edema and gross hematuria, such as headache, dizziness, joint pain, weakness of limbs, urinary tract discomfort, increased urinary foam and nocturia. , are manifestations of kidney disease, and some may have been renal failure.
Generally speaking, patients with chronic kidney disease have no obvious abnormal performance in the early stage, and even in the middle stage of chronic kidney disease, abnormal performance is often ignored; In the late stage of chronic kidney disease, patients will have obvious abnormal performance. Except edema and gross hematuria, other abnormalities are not specific manifestations of nephropathy. Therefore, even if there are some abnormal manifestations, we often miss the opportunity to find nephritis and renal failure.
In order to find nephritis and renal failure, in addition to the above manifestations, you can also find it by observing the skin. When the skin shows the following abnormal manifestations, it means that the kidney is sick or renal failure.
1. Facial erythema
Be alert to the possibility of nephritis when symmetrical erythema appears on both sides of cheeks. Facial erythema is characterized by reddish or bright red color, often connected by the bridge of the nose. The shape of erythema seems to be a butterfly, also called butterfly erythema. A few patients may also have discoid erythema. Whether such erythema is caused by nephritis should be considered, which is common in lupus nephritis caused by systemic lupus erythematosus. Although the proportion of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with facial erythema is not high, once it appears, it is more helpful for a definite diagnosis.
2. Changes in face
When the complexion changes, it may be caused by nephritis. The facial changes associated with nephritis include pallor and sallow. Pale face is often bloodless, sallow face is often dark yellow, which is related to anemia and toxins in patients with nephritis or renal failure. Anemia in patients with nephritis can lead to pallor, and toxins in patients with renal failure can stimulate melanocytes and lead to dark yellow skin. Patients with lupus nephritis and chronic renal failure or uremia may have complexion changes, so we should be vigilant.
3. The feet are red and swollen
When the foot is red and swollen, it is necessary to consider whether there is nephropathy, which is manifested by redness and swelling of one or both ankle joints or first toe joints of lower limbs, accompanied by obvious pain and limited movement, and tenderness and heat when touching. It usually happens at night, after hot and cold stimulation, after strenuous exercise and during eating seafood (such as seafood and beer). This is the manifestation of gout attack, which is mostly caused by hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia not only causes gout, but also causes chronic uric acid nephropathy and acute uric acid nephropathy. Patients with renal failure will also have hyperuricemia and gout, as well as redness, swelling, heat, pain and limited function of their feet. Therefore, when the feet are red and swollen, the kidneys should also be examined.
4. ecchymosis of limbs
When petechiae and ecchymosis appear on the skin of limbs, it is likely that the kidneys have been involved. Its typical manifestations are symmetrical petechiae and ecchymosis on both upper limbs and lower limbs, the rash does not rise above the skin surface, does not subside under pressure, and is not accompanied by itching, which is more common in the skin of both lower limbs and can also appear in the skin of lower abdomen. Usually accompanied by knee pain or abdominal pain. This is a unique skin manifestation of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis caused by Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Therefore, when petechiae and ecchymosis appear in the limbs, the kidneys should be examined to see if there is nephritis.