Select mother trees with high and stable yield and strong stress resistance for seed collection. When the fruit is completely ripe, that is, the exocarp is red or thick red, the seeds are black and shiny, and 2 ~ 5% of the pericarp is cracked.
The harvested fruits are dried in the shade in time, and turned 3 ~ 5 times a day. After the peel is cracked, tap gently with a wooden stick to collect the seeds. The collected seeds should continue to dry in the shade and not be piled together to avoid mildew.
Second, the storage of seeds.
(1) bunker
Mix the seeds and wet sand evenly according to the ratio of 1:2, and the humidity of the sand is as follows: the sand is held in your hand but does not come out. Choose a place with high terrain, good drainage, shelter from the wind and shade, and dig a storage pit with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 25 cm. The length of the nucleus depends on the number of seeds.
Spread wet sand with a thickness of 10 cm at the bottom of the pit, then put seeds mixed with sand, and cover it with a layer of wet sand when it reaches the ground 10 ~ 20 cm, which is flush with the ground. After the seeds are placed, cultivate a mound on the ground. When there are many seeds, erect a straw handle in the center of the pit for ventilation.
(2) Dry storage
Float the collected fresh seeds to remove empty particles, and spread them in a cool and ventilated place, and dry them in the shade to avoid sun exposure. Then put the dried seeds into an open container or bag, which can't be sealed, and put them in a ventilated, cool, dry room without direct light.
Can not be stored in tanks, cans, plastic bags, so as not to interfere with seed respiration and reduce seed viability. Check frequently during storage to avoid rodent damage, mildew and fever.
Third, seed treatment.
The seed shell of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is hard, and there is a thick layer of waxy oil outside, which is not easy to absorb water and germinate. Therefore, dry seeds must be treated before sowing in spring.
The treatment method is as follows: according to 100kg of seeds, use 3-5kg of alkaline flour (or quicklime and washing powder), add a proper amount of warm water, soak for 3-4hr, repeatedly rub hard, remove the oil skin, make the seed shell lose luster and pockmarked on the surface, rinse the seeds without oil skin with clear water for 2-3 times, spread them in the shade to dry, and then sow.
Fourth, sowing time:
(1) Autumn sowing
Autumn sowing is carried out after seed harvest and before soil freezing. Sowing at this time, seeds do not need to be treated, seedlings emerge early and grow healthily in the next spring.
(2) Spring sowing
Spring sowing is generally carried out after the soil thaws in early spring. Seeds treated by sand storage are generally sown from mid-March to early April.
The suitable sowing time is when the ground temperature reaches 8 ~ 10℃ below the local surface. At this time, the germination is fast and the emergence is neat, but the germination of seeds in the sand bin should be checked at any time. When the seeds are exposed above 30%, they should be sown in time.
Extended data:
Eliminate pests and diseases
Adhere to the policy of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive management, strengthen the management of trees and soil, destroy the living environment of pests and diseases, vigorously protect natural enemies, and actively use biological control technologies.
When diseases and insect pests occur, use pesticides rationally, try to use new pesticides, and prohibit the use of pesticides 30 days before pepper ripens.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Zanthoxylum bungeanum