At the end of Nara era, in order to get rid of the influence of Nara Buddhist temples, Emperor Kanmu moved its capital from Pingchengjing (now Nara County) to Nagaoka (now Nagaoka County) in 784 AD. However, less than 10 years later, at the suggestion of Heqing Ma Lu, Emperor Kanmu moved to the mountain city of Ping 'an (now the capital of Beijing) in 794 AD, which opened the period of Heian and began the history of Kyoto as the Japanese capital. The site selection of Ping An Beijing refers to Feng Shui thoughts and imitates Chang 'an, the capital of China in the Tang Dynasty. It is a traditional square system city. Ping An Jing is about 5.2 kilometers long from north to south and 4.5 kilometers long from east to west, covering an area equivalent to one-fifth of Chang 'an, the capital of China in the Tang Dynasty. Tenerie, where the Emperor lives, is located in the north of Pingan, with Suzaku Road as the center. The city is divided into two symmetrical parts: Youjing (also known as Chang 'an) and Zuojing (also known as Luoyang). Ping An Beijing is a traditional planned city in East Asia, with a large scale and rigorous planning.
Pingchengjing is modeled after Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Before Emperor Shengwu moved its capital to Heichengjing, the Japanese capital was Fujiwara, which was located in the south of Yamato Plain and the north of Asuka Village. Since the "Dahua Innovation", the legal system established by studying the advanced continental state system has been perfected. Emperor Tianwu put the capital construction on the central agenda, so he planned to build a new capital, Fujiwara, north of Asuka. Fujiwara takes the palace as the center, and the emperor, servants working for the palace and other families live in the same city. In 702 AD (the second year of Dabao), the Japanese sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty again, and after returning home, they described in detail the splendor of Chang 'an, China. Taking Chang 'an as a model, Fujiwara's passage from Luocheng Gate to the north is Suzaku Road, which is 74 meters wide and about 4 kilometers away from Suzaku Gate of Pingcheng Palace. There are ditches on the left and right sides of Suzaku Road, and trees such as willows and locust trees are planted along the road to form a tree-lined road. Foreign envoys of the Tang Dynasty and Silla used to go to Pingchengjing through here.
The core buildings of Pingchengjing, Daji Hall and Chaotangyuan, are located in Pingchenggong. This is to imitate the pattern of Chang 'an-the central building of Chang 'an is Taiji Palace Taiji Hall, and the west is Daming Palace Hanyuan Hall. The first hall is used to hold the ceremony of the emperor's accession to the throne and the audience of foreign envoys, and the second hall is used to handle daily affairs. After moving back to Pingchengjing in 745 AD, a pavilion was built on the original site of the First Daji Hall, imitating the Linde Hall of Chang 'an Daming Palace, for a banquet. The interior is located in the north of Daji Hall, and the Tang Chao Courtyard is located in the south of Daji Hall.
Although the urban area of Ping 'an is vast, its population is only about 6.5438+0.5 million, so the city has not been fully developed and there are large areas of farmland. Especially in the secluded area, the development progress is very slow because of the humid terrain. Therefore, sakyo has become the main development area of Kyoto. After the middle period of heian period, most aristocratic houses were concentrated in the north of sakyo, and began to extend from Yachuan to Ping 'an. In the late 20th century (165438+), the emperor (abdicated emperor) built a detached palace in Baihe, Bird Feather and other places, and took control of court affairs, so this period was called the dynasty. The construction of the detached palace also makes the development trend of Kyoto city to areas outside safe Beijing more obvious. /kloc-in the middle of 0/2 century, the first military regime in Japanese history was born. However, the Ping regime was replaced by Genji, another samurai group, only for more than 20 years. 1 192, Yuan Laichao established a shogunate in Kamakura, and Japan entered the Kamakura era. During the Kamakura shogunate period, although the real political center of Japan moved to Kamakura, Kyoto remained the largest city and the residence of the emperor.
1338, with the establishment of the Muromachi shogunate, Japan entered the Muromachi era, and Kyoto once again became the political center of Japan. During this period, the urban space of Kyoto has undergone tremendous changes. According to the north and south, the urban area is divided into Shangjing and Xia Jing, and two roads in the east-west direction replace Suzaku Road to become the most important street in Kyoto. Many aristocratic mansions, including the emperor's official residence, are concentrated in Beijing, which is the main industrial and commercial area of Kyoto.
From 1467 to 1477, Kyoto was the main battlefield of Ren Ying uprising, and the urban area was almost completely destroyed. After that, Kyoto began to gradually revive with the efforts of the citizens.
1568, Nobunaga's army entered Kyoto.
1582, the change of Benneng Temple broke out in Kyoto. 1864, fierce fighting took place between the shogunate and the anti-shogunate in Kyoto, and a large block in Kyoto was burned down in order to ban the change of doors. This also makes most of the existing buildings in the capital city center built after the curtain.
1867, the battle of birds and feathers came to an end on the outskirts of Kyoto, and the rebels won, which was the key battle that decided the war situation in Chen Wu. 1868, the Japanese capital moved from Kyoto to Tokyo. In addition to the royal family and the government, a large number of businessmen moved from Kyoto to Tokyo. Kyoto is facing a huge crisis. The financial circles of Kyoto government have taken many measures to try to save the crisis situation, including implementing the district system; Establish Kyoto Imperial University to make Kyoto a higher education and research center in West Japan; Build the Biwahu water system into a waterway route for hydropower generation; Laying the earliest tram in Japan, Kyoto Electric Power; Hold the fourth domestic persuasion Expo and build a temple of peace.
192 1 year, Kyoto implemented the first urban planning undertaking and began to enter the era of modern urban planning.
During World War II, Kyoto was one of the few Japanese cities that were rarely bombed by American air strikes, so Kyoto was also one of the few cities that still had rich pre-war buildings. In order to reduce the damage caused by air strikes, the buildings along Horichuantong, Yuchitong and Wutaotong were forcibly demolished, but it also provided space for widening the road later. However, it is precisely because the old city is well preserved that it is difficult to build new roads and parks in the central city, which makes the road area ratio and park area ratio in the central area of Beijing extremely low and the urban renewal progress is slow. After the war, the development of Kyoto was mainly carried out in accordance with the "Kyoto International Cultural and Sightseeing City Construction Law" formulated by 1950. Building a new city in the suburbs to solve the housing problem, Kyoto station is planned as a preservation area to the north and a development area to the south. 1 September 19561day, Kyoto became a city designated by law.
1In June 1964, the Tokaido Shinkansen was opened to traffic, which greatly promoted the development of tourism in Kyoto.
1978, the commercial power in Kyoto was abolished, and the subway replaced commercial power as an important mode of transportation in Kyoto. These events all symbolize the great changes in the urban space of Kyoto after the war.
1994, many historical sites in Kyoto were listed as world cultural heritage. Kyoto has become a representative tourist city and cultural city in Japan.