Folk house is the earliest building type, and it is the customary name for folk house in the architectural history of China. As a kind of house, folk houses occupy an extremel
Folk house is the earliest building type, and it is the customary name for folk house in the architectural history of China. As a kind of house, folk houses occupy an extremely important position in people's daily life buildings. The residential buildings in China were created by the working people with their hard-working and intelligent hands in the long years of adapting and transforming nature for thousands of years. Due to the vast territory of China, different geographical conditions in different regions, different styles and traditions of 56 ethnic groups, different production and life, and different building materials, the residential buildings in China are colorful and creative.
Residential stamps were issued by the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications from April of 1986 to June of 199 1 year, which lasted for 1 15 years, and four sets of 2 1 were issued. They are numbered Pu 23, 14, Pu 25, 2, Pu 26, 3, Pu 27, 2 respectively. From the perspective of face value setting, they are 1 (Inner Mongolia), 1.5 (Tibet), 2 (Northeast China), 3 (Hunan), 4 (Jiangsu), 5 (Shandong), 8 (Beijing), 10 (Yunnan) and 650 respectively. 90 points (Taiwan Province province), 1 yuan (Fujian), 1. 10 yuan (Zhejiang), 1.30 yuan (Qinghai), 1.60 yuan (Guizhou), 2 yuan (Jiangxi), etc. 2/. The national architecture on the ticket face is vivid in modeling and beautiful in design, and it is a good ticket with strong national flavor. 2 1 "Folk Houses" stamps show the folk houses in 2 1 provinces and cities. Folk houses with different styles are the architectural art treasures of the Chinese nation and the crystallization of the wisdom of hardworking people in China. Qin Brick Hanwa Jiangnan Watertown-style Jiangsu Dwellings, Siheyuan-style Beijing Dwellings, Shikumen-style Shanghai Dwellings, Bamboo House-style Yunnan Dwellings, Cave-style Northern Shaanxi Dwellings, Deep Courtyard-style Jiangxi Dwellings, East-West Folding Hunan Dwellings, 360-degree Disc-style Fujian Dwellings, and Mountain-like Sichuan Dwellings .. These pictures vividly depict the local dwellings, making people think.
(1) Pu 23 group (* *14 pieces, face value of 4.695 yuan)1986.4.1-12.25 copy version 25×30mm.
Design: Chen, Li and Hua Jianxin.
(1) Inner Mongolia Dwellings1(1986.5.15) Felt bags are tents used by Mongolian, Kazakh, Tajik and other ethnic herders in China. They are generally round and were called "vaults" and "felt tents" in ancient times. Mongolian yurts are generally made of wicker as the skeleton, with wool felt on the outside and a circular skylight in the center of the top, which is a movable circular residence. Coat both sides of wicker with lime grass mud instead of felt, and it becomes a semi-permanent Mongolian yurt. Between two round houses, connected by earth walls, three parallel houses have evolved into earth houses.
(2) Tibetan dwellings1.5 (1986.7.1) Shi Cun is abundant in villages and towns in southern Tibet. General houses are made of stone walls, 2-3 meters high, called blockhouses. The bunker uses wood as beams, columns and rafters. Flat roofs, some with balconies. There are bright colors on the wooden beams and columns, and glass is installed on the windows, which can effectively use the local sunshine. On the vast pastoral grassland, herders live in a square financial room. The top of the tent is a carpet made of cow hair, surrounded by grass and mud. The bunker conforms to the plateau natural conditions, agriculture and animal husbandry production, Lamaism beliefs, living habits and self-defense needs.
(3) Northeast Dwellings 2 points (1986.4. 1) Ma Jiafang is the main residence of Mongolian farmers in Jilin Province. It was cut on the gables and shaped like a horse rack of Han farmers in the eastern mountainous area of Jilin, so it was called Ma Jiafang. Its room plane is nearly square, and the upper part can be oval top, much like Mongolian yurts, which keeps the Mongolian national habits. Horse frame houses are all mud walls, without foundation, and are surrounded by adobe walls. When it rains continuously, the walls will fall off because of humidity, so it is difficult to maintain the life of the house for a long time.
(4) Hunan Dwellings 3 points (1986. 12.25) The architectural plane of Hunan Dwellings consists of two rooms, one bright and the other dark. In the middle is the inner courtyard, with flowers and trees, high-rise attic and balanced architectural choice; Blue tile powder wall, with wind and fire walls inside, facing the mountains and water, has a beautiful environment. Ordinary farmhouses have no tall gables. For example, Mao Zedong's former residence in Shaoshan is a typical Hunan farmhouse.
(5) Jiangsu dwellings 4 points (1986.10.15) Jiangsu has a mild and humid climate and rich water areas. Most of the towns and rural houses are freely and flexibly hashed in the crevices where flowing water haunts, and rivers are built by water or across streams. Houses are compact in layout, generally two-story buildings with pavilions. The room is high, the wall is thin, the eaves are deep, and the doors and windows are high, which is conducive to ventilation. The appearance is simple, the reflection of white walls and gray tiles, and the reflection of water in windows are hidden among peaches, willows and bamboos, forming a unique water town family.
(6) Eight Points of Beijing Residential Architecture (1986.6. 15) The quadrangle residence is the most common residential form in China with a long history. Its layout is often "one front and two compartments". The main room (upper room) is located on the central axis of the whole house, facing south, and its width, depth, height and decoration are the first in the whole house. The wing rooms on both sides of the yard set off the main room. Courtyard is the hub of transportation, lighting and ventilation, and with greening, it becomes the center of rest and family activities. Most of the residential gates are located in the southeast corner, symbolizing the position of "following the door" in the geomantic gossip, and adding the auspiciousness of "purple gas coming from the east", with the quadrangles in Beijing as the most representative.
(7) Yunnan Folk Houses10 (1986.8.1) It is said that the Dai bamboo house was built by the Dai ancestors according to the evolution of the phoenix landing posture in the Dai township. This bamboo building is divided into two floors. The upper floor is about 2.5 meters from the ground, with wooden stakes or bamboo as columns. There is no fence on the lower floor, which is used to raise livestock and pile up sundries. The roof is a double oblique herringbone, covered with "grass rafts" or tiles. The interior is separated by bamboo walls, with the bedroom inside and the guest room outside. The floor is elastic, and the sunshine and wind penetrate through the bamboo seams, which is elegant and comfortable.
(8) Shanghai Residential Buildings at 20 o'clock (1986.9. 10) Except for some garden buildings, the "Shikumen" house in Lane is the most representative old residential building in Shanghai. The big houses are lined up next to each other. Indoor buildings are compact in layout, 2-3 stories high, with blue tile roofs and small terraces, which are often simply decorated on the front, walls and gates of buildings.
(9) 30 points of Huizhou folk houses (1986.5. 15) Generally, the layout of Huizhou folk houses is mainly composed of courtyard houses or courtyard houses, but the macro world is different from that of Beijing. According to the local climate and topographical features, most of the traditional residential buildings in Anhui are small two-story buildings with different shapes, some of which are surrounded by mountains and waters, some are uneven, and some are layered, exquisite, simple and magnificent.
(10) Sixidian (1986.1.15) cave dwelling is a typical residential building in the loess plateau of northwest China and the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with little rain. Cave dwellings are generally 3 meters wide and 5-20 meters deep. Under the cover of loess with a depth of 3-5 meters, the indoor temperature is about 10 degrees lower than that of outdoor in summer and 15 degrees higher than that of outdoor in winter. The temperature is relatively stable, warm in winter and cool in summer. There are three kinds of caves: single cliff caves (earth caves), adobe or masonry arch compound caves and courtyard caves. The cave facade is equipped with a large area of doors and windows, which has good lighting and is less affected by external noise and other pollution.
(1 1) Sichuan dwellings 50 points (1986.9. 10) Sichuan dwellings widely use full wedge wood structures, which are built on the basis of wood beams, wedges, columns and rafters. Town houses are usually on the first floor and the ground floor, shops or daily activities are on the lower floor, and bedrooms are on the upper floor. The upper floors of rural houses store (dry) grain, and the lower floors are houses, halls, wings, kitchens, weaving workshops, etc.
(12) 90 points of residential buildings in Taiwan Province Province (1986.4. 15) The basic forms of residential buildings in Taiwan Province Province are Sanhe Courtyard and Siheyuan. The front and back slopes of the roof fell into the water. Farmers use three-way houses, and crops can be dried in the square in front. Wealthy families or quadrangles for litigation have a hall and a main hall for buffering, which is more confidential.
(13) Fujian folk houses 100 minutes (1986.10.15) Hakka folk houses are located in the southwest of Fujian and in the north of Guangdong and Guangxi along the southern foot of Wuling Mountain. "Chengqi Building" is a round brick earth building. The largest tulou is over 70 meters in diameter. Surrounded by a three-story circular house with more than 300 rooms. The outer ring chamber is as high as four floors. The ground floor is used as a kitchen and utility room, with two floors for storing food and three floors for people. The other two rings are only 1 storey high. It is an annular building of an ancient castle, which can be defended against typhoons outside, with a solid appearance and magnificent momentum.
(14) Zhejiang Mansion 1 10 minute (1986.4. 15) Huangyan Tianchang Street Mansion, with its back to the river, connected by storefronts and facing the street. The interior also serves as a living room, and the room facing the water at the back serves as a kitchen. The middle part of the whole house is divided into three floors, and the space on the second floor is only 2.2 meters high. The attic protrudes on three sides, the windowsill is made lower, and the windows are opened on three sides. The attic window is properly opened, and living on the top floor doesn't feel depressed. The shape of the whole house is ethereal and real, full of the flavor of the times, low and not monotonous.
(2) Pu 25 group (***2 pieces, face value ***2.90 yuan) 1989.3. 10 Photocopy p12.5×13 25× 30mm60 (6×/kloc-0).
Design: Chen, Hua Jianxin and He Jie.
(1) Qinghai Folk Houses130 (1989.4.1) Qinghai is located in the plateau, where Han, Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Salar, Mongolian and Kazak people live together. Due to the geographical environment, natural conditions and rich building materials, its dwellings are magnificent and elegant. The front room is a bungalow with high steps, the door is recessed, and the left and right windows are different in form. The house in the backyard is on the ground floor, and there is a prominent Ming-style corridor upstairs.
(2) The residential area in Guizhou is160 (1989.3.10). Guizhou is also a multi-ethnic area, and the houses inhabited by different ethnic groups are very different. In the southwest of Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan are close, and most houses in the form of stamps are built. The house basically conforms to the wooden structure characteristics of Sichuan folk houses, but the difference is that this kind of folk house is built on a high stone foundation, with high eaves and low eaves, and doors often open on the left and rear sides.
(3) Pu 26 group (***3 pieces, par value * *1.20 yuan) 1990.9.20 Photocopy p12.5×13 25× 30mm60 (/kloc-0.
Design: Chen, Hua Jianxin and He Jie.
(1) Guangxi folk houses15 (1990.12.10) Guangxi folk houses are mainly made of wood and bamboo, and there are bamboo houses similar to Dai bamboo houses along the Lijiang River. There is a low-rise ground floor in the lower part of the house, and a small corridor in front of the house, similar to the balcony in urban buildings. In Zhuang township, houses are often built by water.
(2) 25 points of residential buildings in Ningxia (1990.11.20) Ningxia is dominated by Hui people, and its old houses are mainly made of soil. Both the courtyard wall and the house wall are made of mud, and the earth wall is decorated with certain national styles and customs, and the eaves are single-sided, forming a unique style.
(3) Shanxi dwellings 80 points (1990.09.20) Shanxi dwellings use adobe bricks as building materials, generally tile houses. The layout and structure of tile houses are generally three rooms. The courtyard wall and the house form a quadrangle, and the gate and roof of the courtyard wall are built with unique decoration.
(4) Pu 27 group (***2 pieces, face value * * 2.05 yuan) 199 1.4.25 photocopying P12.5×13 25× 30mm60 (6×/kloc-0
Design: Chen, Hua Jianxin and He Jie.
(1) Jiangxi 2 yuan (199 1.4.25). ) The houses in this area, especially the rural dwellings, have the same basic structural form as those in Sichuan, all of which are wooden structures with rooms such as one living room, one bedroom and one kitchen. However, the quality of building materials and houses is generally better than that of Sichuan folk houses, and tile houses are usually the main ones. The "luxury" houses on stamps are not common in this area.
(2) The buildings at 5 o'clock in Shandong (1991.6.11) have the characteristics of some folk houses of the Han nationality in Northeast China. The walls of the house and yard are made of stone and mud, and the roof has a thick layer of soil to protect the indoor temperature. Some roofs are similar to the Mongolian "Ma Jiafang" in northeast China.