It first appeared in the Confucian Book of Rites Jade Algae: "The golden ribbon of the lay man." Zheng Xuan's Note: "The layman is also a Taoist Chu Shi." Taoism also has the title of "lay man". After the introduction of Indian Buddhism, it was translated into Buddhist scriptures.
The word "lay man" in ancient China originated from the jade algae in the Book of Rites. In Han Feizi's book, it is also said that there are laymen such as Ren Ti and Shihua, all of which refer to those who are quite good at art and do not seek official positions. Since then, China and Japan have mostly ignored the original intention of Confucian classics, and generally called those who have the means "laity".
The first child is still born. Poetry, elegance and people: "Born to be a gentleman." Zhuzhuan: "Sir, the first student is also."
Father and brother. Ilius: "The wife of her husband is a threat." Zheng Xuan notes: "Sir, brother." "The Analects of Confucius for Politics": "There is food and wine, sir." Yanhe said to Ma Rong, "Sir, this is called father and brother."
An elderly and learned man. "Mencius told the son": "Yi Song will be Chu, and Mencius saw the stone pier and said,' What will you do?' "Zhao Qi's Note:" A bachelor is an elder, so he is called a gentleman. "The third policy of the Warring States Policy:" Sit down at a banquet and say that Mr. San said,' I hope Mr. Wen can make it up.' " "Yao Hong's Note:" Sir, elder, put the living before yourself. "Song Shi Ye's Epitaph of Madame Song Meng": "Use words and sentences to speak the words of Mr. Lei's elders. "
Call the teacher. "Book of Rites Jade Algae": "If the boy has nothing to do, he will rule the north and the south, see the gentleman and enter from people." Kong Shu: "Sir, the teacher also." Emperor Zhuangzi: "Liezi said,' Hey, my husband is dead, but he is alive. "Epitaph of Song Wang in Taiyuan": "My wife's surname is Wang ... She is a person with clear knowledge and strong memory. Her children and grandchildren are educated and she is a teacher herself." The cloud writes Yuan Jiehuan's Preface to Jin Fu's Ordered Return to His Hometown: "Dinghu is soaring, and under the book feather, it is Mr. Yuan Keli's field." Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in the Ming Dynasty: "When the Prince finished his studies, Xu Ling said:" I am studying here, and my elders are in front, so I dare to humiliate me. "Lu Xun's Letter to Xiao Jun Xiaohong": "I have been a teacher and professor for many years, but I have not forgotten that I am a student."
It's called ancestors. Yuan Luye Chu Cai's poem "To the King of Li County in Western Liaoning" said: "I am Dongdan Eight-leaf Flower, and my ancestors are dating."
Call the official. "Meeting the ceremony": "If the husband is different, please resign. If you resign, you will say no opinion. " Zheng Xuan's Note: "Sir, the official is also." The book "Mr. Jing Yi Wenshu's Gentleman" introduced by King Qing: "Dr. Gaiqing is an official gentleman, but not an official gentleman."
Literati and scholars collectively. You can call yourself or you can call yourself alone. Supplement to the Chronicle of the Third World: "Master Zhang asked Mr. Chu." Sima Zhen Suoyin: "Mr. Chu is a young grandson." I'm Mr. Chu Sun Shao. Selected Works of Huangfu Mi: "Mr. Xuan Yan said,' The ancients called it Fu instead of Song'." Note: "Mi Zixu said:' I started to learn, calling myself Mr. Xuanyan' ... Sir, it is also a general term for scholars." During the Southern Dynasties, Shen Liang made an appointment with Tao Hongjing: "Mr. Fupi is vulgar and detached. "Song Wu's" Two Notes on Changing Zhai Zhi Yi "said:" Mr. Jin taught people more about official affairs, but did not talk about it. "
Call a Taoist. Tang Yin Fan Yao's poem "Taoist Treading in the Air in the Mid-Yuan Dynasty" says: "Du Xuan opens a secret door, Mr. Bai Shili." "Wu Wang Pinghua" volume: "It is said that this Xibohou is different from Mr. (referring to Taoist Yunzhongzi)." The fifteenth time of "Water Margin": "I saw a guest newspaper in the village, and a gentleman in front of the door wanted to see the bag and eat." "
In the old days, it was called a person who took physiognomy, divination, singing, practicing medicine and watching Feng Shui as his profession. Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou: "(Kuai Tong) said to physiognomy, Han Xin said,' I have tasted physiognomy. "Han Xin said,' How is your husband?' "Biography of the Southern History Jishi Exhibition": "(History Exhibition) was over forty years old and suddenly frustrated, planning life for Mr. Wang, a diviner in Jiangling." Yu's Fake Disease in the Phoenix: "Please come here and feel your pulse with your heart." Chapter 29 of Negative Exposure Chat: "Shun Lin has come back at this time, so he went forward and poured a round of wine. Mr. Hu Qin drove the car outside the door, and Shun Lin sang a blue shirt of San Hui Yuan, which was applauded by everyone. "
Call a prostitute. Chapter 19 of the History of Civilization: "Prostitutes in Shanghai are all called gentlemen" Qu Qiubai's On the Literary Revolution and Language, Long Live the Learning Valve: "A doorman is a figure between' xianggong' and' gentleman'" The original note: "Sir, it is the eldest son's husband in Shanghai."
People used to be called clerks or managers. Historical Materials of the People's Anti-British Struggle in Sanyuanli: Investigation on Guangzhou Workers' Participation in the Anti-British Struggle in Sanyuanli: "There are' gentlemen' in all walks of life, who are elected by workers to be responsible for documents and foreign negotiations. "
A wife calls her husband. Han and Liu Xiang's Biography of Chu Yuling's Wife: "I'm afraid my husband will die."
A generic term for ordinary people.
A representative of a region or industry. Liberation Daily 1986.6. 12: "Platini, the European Footballer of the Year and the French team, flew for the ball in the match with Hungary." [2]